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TUNISNEWS<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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LES TITRES DE CE JOUR:<\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n
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La simple pratique religieuse en Tunisie faconn\u00e9e selon les\u00a0ordres du ministere de de l’interieur!<\/strong><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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Le mouvement Ennahdha apporte son soutien total a la direction legitime de la ligue<\/font>.<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n
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Un echange bien tendu a bruxelles entre la deputee europeenne Yasmina Boujneh etle depute tunisien Tijani Haddad.<\/strong><\/span>.<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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Droits de l’homme en tunisie \/ la r\u00e9pression d\u00e9nonc\u00e9e<\/o:p><\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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Examen de la coop\u00e9ration tuniso-qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise dans le domaine de la famille<\/font><\/h2>\n
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Al hayat parle du lourd silence qui plane sur bab souika et tunis city!!!!!!!!<\/strong><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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Mr Rached Ghannouchi exposes ses points de vue dans une recente interview accordee a l’hebdomadaire egyptien al-ahram weekly<\/o:p><\/font><\/p>\n
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\u00c0 ne pas rater:<\/strong><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\u00ab\u00a0Le vrai journal\u00a0\u00bb, <\/font>l’\u00e9mission de Karl Zero proposera un sujet sur les agressions dont Jalel Zoghlami a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime ce <\/p>\n
dimanche 18 f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 12 h30<\/font><\/h2>\n
en clair sur CANAL +\u00a0<\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
\u00a0site: www.canalplus.fr<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
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Grande manifestation<\/strong>pour la lib\u00e9ration de Mehdi ZOUGAH<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
Samedi\u00a017 f\u00e9vrier 2001 \u00e0 14h30<\/strong><\/div>\n
A Marseille (Vieux Port)<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Association des droits de la personne au Maghreb<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
<\/font>LE COMIT\u00c9 DE SOUTIEN\u00a0\u00c0 HAROUN M’BAREK<\/p>\n
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MANIFESTATION DEVANT LE COMPLEXE GUY-FAVREAU JEUDI<\/strong>,<\/strong> 200 Boul. Ren\u00e9-L\u00e9vesque \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, \u00e0 compter de 12H30.<\/font>
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LA SIMPLE PRATIQUE RELIGIEUSE EN TUNISIE FACONNEE SELON LES\u00a0ORDRES DU MINISTERE DE DE L’INTERIEUR!<\/strong><\/p>\n
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M\u00caME LE HAJJ DES PELERINS TUNISIENS NE PEUT PLUS SE FAIRE EN DEHORS DES DIRECTIVES SECURITAIRES!<\/font><\/h3>\n
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OU MENE-T-ON CE PAYS ET SES CITOYENS?<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Exclusif:<\/font><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n
TUNISNEWS vient de savoir qu’il y a une semaine environ , une r\u00e9union \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale a r\u00e9uni tous les \u00a0\u00bb\u00a0conseillers religieux\u00a0\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 qui devraient accompagner les p\u00e8lerins tunisiens cette ann\u00e9e.<\/font><\/p>\n
Ces conseillers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi selon des crit\u00e8res du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et non de ceux du minist\u00e9re affaires religieuses, donc la connaissance du p\u00e8lerinage, des obligations du rite n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en compte .<\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0Un d\u00eener a \u00e9t\u00e9 servi pour les participants ( mange et tais-toi ), puis un discours\u00a0fut prononc\u00e9, ce fut d\u2019abord l\u2019\u00e9loge de \u00a0\u00bb l\u2019artisan du changement \u00a0\u00bb\u00a0(!) et puis les mises en garde\u00a0:<\/font><\/p>\n
* attention ne laissez pas Ghannouchi entrer dans les tentes ou parler aux p\u00e8lerins.<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
* attention ne laissez pas les ul\u00e9mas extr\u00e9mistes ( sic! ) approcher des p\u00e8lerins tunisiens ou leur faire des discours<\/strong>.<\/font><\/p>\n
* s\u2019ils insistent vous avez les agents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui sont pr\u00e8s de vous et pr\u00eats \u00e0 intervenir<\/strong>\u00a0! <\/font><\/p>\n
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Donc les soit-disant \u00ab\u00a0conseillers\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 ne sont en fait que des fonctionnaires de l’\u00e9tat\u00a0 policier. <\/font><\/p>\n
Malheureusement ces \u00ab\u00a0conseillers\u00a0\u00bb n’ont aucune formation religieuse et ne peuvent en aucun cas aider les citoyens tunisiens \u00e0 bien accomplir leur p\u00e8lerinage donc soit que les p\u00e8lerins vont b\u00e2cler leur p\u00e8lerinage soit ils auront recours aux ul\u00e9mas saoudiens (ce qui est suspect ou m\u00eame interdit – aux yeux des anges gardiens\/conseillers\/policiers ).<\/font><\/p>\n
PAUVRES VIEUX PELERINS TUNISIENS\u00a0! A quel saint vont-ils se vouer\u00a0dor\u00e9navant ?<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
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MAGHREB CONFIDENTIEL # 498 – 15\/02\/01<\/div>\n
TUNISIE : MOHAMED JERI<\/strong><\/font>
L\u2019ancien directeur de cabinet du pr\u00e9sident BenAli de 1988 \u00e0 1998 a\u00a0 chang\u00e9 compl\u00e8tement de secteur d\u2019activit\u00e9. L’une de ses soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, \u00ab\u00a0El Bahia\u00a0\u00bb,du nom de sa m\u00e8re, contr\u00f4le le march\u00e9 tunisien de bombonnes de gaz Shell. Mohamed Jeri vient juste d\u2019en importer 200 000<\/strong>.\u00a0 Belle reconversion.<\/p>\n
TUNISIE : BOURGUIBA AU MUSEE<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00a0L’ancienne r\u00e9sidence de Bourguiba, un palais de 40 ha situ\u00e9 \u00e0 Skanes Monastir, vient d’\u00eatre r\u00e9habilit\u00e9e par la famille Trabelsi. Il est pr\u00e9vu de la transformer en mus\u00e9e et en lieu touristique.<\/p>\n
Cette nouvelle – SI ELLE SE CONFIRME – est particuli\u00e9rement GRAVE!<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
TUNISIE : L’HUILE D’OLIVE \u00ab\u00a0EN PROCEDURE D’URGENCE\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
Afin que la Tunisie puisse continuer \u00e0 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier, au 1er janvier 2001, d’un \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9gime sp\u00e9cial\u00a0\u00bb pour ses exportations d’huile\u00a0 d’olive sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en, le ministre fran\u00e7ais des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Hubert V\u00e9drine a demand\u00e9, le 19 d\u00e9cembre, l’examen en urgence de ce dossier\u00a0 par l’Union europ\u00e9enne. Le deal est le suivant: \u00ab\u00a0Le contingent annuel de 46 000<\/font><\/strong> tonnes d’huile d’olive tunisienne est p\u00e9rennis\u00e9 et augment\u00e9 jusqu’\u00e0\u00a0 56 000<\/strong><\/font> tonnes en 2005 et le droit de douane est r\u00e9duit \u00e0 0%.
En contrepartie, la Tunisie conc\u00e8de en particulier un doublement<\/font><\/strong> du contingent\u00a0 de bl\u00e9 tendre, de 230 000 tonnes suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/font><\/strong>, et la mise en place\u00a0 d’un contingent unique de 100 000 tonnes pour toutes les huiles v\u00e9g\u00e9tales, avec suppression en cinq ans des droits de douane sur ces deux contingents\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0 Il y a bien un deal…<\/p>\n
\u00a0TUNISIE : ABDERRAHMAN TLILI<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
L’ancien sleeping partner du pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali aux derni\u00e8res \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles, qui avait obtenu le score de 0,3%, vient d’\u00eatre nomm\u00e9 \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l’OPAT, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui g\u00e8re les ports et
les a\u00e9roports de la Tunisie. Pas mal…<\/div>\n
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Piqu\u00e9 pour nos abonn\u00e9s sur le forum du CNLT:<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/p>\n
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Date: <\/b>02\/15\/01 11:12:37 AM Name: <\/b>gen\u00e8ve Email: <\/b>gen\u00e8ve<\/a> <\/font><\/div>\n
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Subject<\/font>: <\/strong>Avion pr\u00e9sidentiel \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve<\/font><\/font><\/h3>\n
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L’avion boing 737 du Pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali a pass\u00e9 4 jours sur le tarmac de l’a\u00e9roport de gen\u00e8ve. Mme sa femme est venue skier \u00e0 M\u00e9g\u00e8ve en France voisine; c’est son droit le plus absolu.<\/font> <\/font><\/div>\n
Mais le hic est le fait que 4 jours de tarmac \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve \u00e7a co\u00fbte \u00e9norm\u00e9ment. Quand on sait, que la reine sophie D’espagne , qui elle a les moyens de le faire, vient souvent \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve en avion de ligne d’Ib\u00e9ria….<\/font><\/div>\n
Miskina tounes<\/font><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Nous estimons \u00e0 TUNISNEWS que cette information vient d’un fin connaisseur du milieu pr\u00e9sidentiel et de l’agenda de Mme la pr\u00e9sidente!<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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LE MOUVEMENT ENNAHDHA APPORTE SON SOUTIEN TOTAL A LA DIRECTION LEGITIME DE LA LIGUE.<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
Communiqu\u00e9.<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
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\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. <\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0638\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
– \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
– \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
– \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
– \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648<\/font> \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0636\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629.\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642<\/font> \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/font><\/span>.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
<\/o:p><\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n
22 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629\u00a0 <\/span>1421\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 15\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a 2001<\/o:p><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0634\u064a<\/o:p><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/o:p><\/span><\/h3>\n
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\n\n<\/div>\n
UN ECHANGE BIEN TENDU A BRUXELLES ENTRE LA DEPUTEE EUROPEENNE YASMINA BOUJNEH ET LE DEPUTE TUNISIEN TIJANI HADDAD.
<\/font><\/strong>
(SOURCE: NARO PRESSE SERVICES)<\/p>\n
Intervention au forum parlementaire \u00ab euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e \u00bb
– 8 et 9 f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 Bruxelles –<\/p>\n
Yasmine Boudjenah – (Gauche Unitaire Europ\u00e9enne)<\/strong><\/p>\n
Si Barcelone a provoqu\u00e9 espoir et attentes, le constat est aujourd’hui davantage \u00e0 la d\u00e9ception. La revendication d’une \u00ab zone de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 partag\u00e9e \u00bb, l’esprit d’un r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrage Nord-Sud, la volont\u00e9 de plus de paix et de stabilit\u00e9…autant d’ambitions louables hier, urgentes aujourd’hui. Mais si tout le monde invoque la n\u00e9cessaire relance du partenariat, des options diverses existent. Et je voudrais faire part ici de mon opinion, et celle de mon groupe politique la GUE, sur plusieurs aspects.<\/p>\n
L’avenir de l’id\u00e9e m\u00eame d’un \u00ab partenariat \u00bb r\u00e9side – non pas dans un ajustement des besoins de ces peuples aux lois des march\u00e9s du Nord et aux seules ambitions europ\u00e9ennes – mais bien dans leur d\u00e9veloppement, dans la satisfaction de leurs \u00ab urgences \u00bb. En effet, les besoins sont immenses et les actuelles relations entre les deux rives cantonnent les pays du Sud dans des difficult\u00e9s tr\u00e8s lourdes : je pense au ch\u00f4mage (qui touche notamment les jeunes), \u00e0 l’extension de la pauvret\u00e9, aux \u00e9carts \u00e9conomiques et technologiques, aux difficult\u00e9s d’acc\u00e8s aux ressources naturelles pour tous. C’est donc une toute autre voie qu’un simple accompagnement \u00e0 la Zone de Libre Echange que l’Europe devrait initier, et non en rester \u00e0 des accords d’associations guid\u00e9s par des int\u00e9r\u00eats financiers et \u00e9conomiques ne cherchant pas d’abord \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des populations. Je crois que le\u00a0 d\u00e9veloppement industriel, agricole des pays du Sud doit \u00eatre le but du partenariat. Il doit \u00eatre directement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique, socialement et \u00e9conomiquement, aux populations, et non aux seules entreprises europ\u00e9ennes qui y d\u00e9localisent \u00e0 la recherche d’une main-d’ouvre \u00e0 bon march\u00e9.
Dans cet esprit, l’\u00e9tablissement de coop\u00e9rations via notamment les services publics (transports, t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, \u00e9nergie.), la recherche d’autres ressources financi\u00e8res, gr\u00e2ce par exemple \u00e0 une taxation des capitaux de type Tobin et \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction voire l’annulation de la dette – donneraient un vrai contenu \u00e0 un partenariat juste et utile, \u00e9galement pour les populations du Nord.
L’utilisation des programmes MEDA, particuli\u00e8rement dans les domaines de l’\u00e9ducation et des \u00e9changes culturels, serait aussi plus efficace si elle \u00e9tait ma\u00eetris\u00e9e par les populations. Ils trouveraient un nouveau souffle dont ils ont besoin.
Cette d\u00e9marche milite pour des rapports Nord-Sud affranchis de toute domination. Il en est de m\u00eame sur les droits de l’homme. Nos liens en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e ne peuvent reposer que sur la confiance et non sur des le\u00e7ons ; et c’est bien parce que les accords sign\u00e9s engagent les deux parties \u00e0 les respecter (article 2), que nous nous sommes inqui\u00e9t\u00e9s au Parlement europ\u00e9en des atteintes perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par exemple en Tunisie sur les droits de l’homme. Je ne peux en effet ici ne pas penser particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 Jalel Zoghlani, par ailleurs le fr\u00e8re du journaliste Taoufik Ben Brik, qui est en ce moment m\u00eame pers\u00e9cut\u00e9, assi\u00e9g\u00e9 jusque chez lui, apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment agress\u00e9, matraqu\u00e9, ainsi que plusieurs membres de sa famille et de ses amis.S’ajoutant \u00e0 d’autres harc\u00e8lements inqualifiables sur des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’Homme, ce que la Repr\u00e9sentante sp\u00e9ciale du Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral a soulign\u00e9 encore r\u00e9cemment, je voudrais donc sugg\u00e9rer \u00e0 nos deux co-pr\u00e9sidents d’user de leur influence aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes pour que soit mis fin \u00e0 cet \u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge contre Jalel Zoghlani. Il en va aussi du respect par l’UE des droits de tous ; je pense ici \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une conception beaucoup plus g\u00e9n\u00e9reuse et solidaire des migrations. La libre circulation pour les marchandises et les capitaux, mais non pour les hommes : c’est inhumain et inefficace. L’exp\u00e9rience prouve que la fermeture des fronti\u00e8res ne fait que jeter des hommes et des femmes sans papiers, sans droits, dans les bras de passeurs et autres patrons sans scrupules. Comment parler d’une \u00ab gestion plus humaine \u00bb de l’immigration, comme on l’entend de ce c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, appeler de ses voux plus d’\u00ab int\u00e9gration \u00bb, sans remettre en cause les fondements d’une telle politique ? La libre circulation des hommes, l’\u00e9galit\u00e9 des droits sociaux, \u00e9conomiques, culturels et politiques des migrants qui vivent sur le sol europ\u00e9en doivent \u00eatre garanties.
Enfin, la condition essentielle pour garantir une zone de paix exige de l’Union europ\u00e9enne une action plus franche et plus vigoureuse au Moyen-Orient. Je regrette d’ailleurs ici l’absence du repr\u00e9sentant du Conseil europ\u00e9en. Pour l’application pleine et enti\u00e8re des r\u00e9solutions des Nations-Unies, le respect par Isra\u00ebl de ses engagements, la reconnaissance du droit l\u00e9gitime du peuple palestinien \u00e0 disposer d’un Etat d\u00e9sormais incontournables.
La m\u00eame question se pose au Sahara Occidental, o\u00f9 la reprise du conflit arm\u00e9 menace. Je veux dire ici que l’UE gagnerait en cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 en s’impliquant r\u00e9ellement pour l’application pleine et enti\u00e8re du Plan de r\u00e8glement\u00a0 de l’ONU, jusqu’\u00e0 la tenue d’un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum d’autod\u00e9termination pour le peuple sahraoui.
Pour tout cela, l’Europe et les pays du Sud ont tout \u00e0 gagner \u00e0 associer et impliquer tous ceux, associations, collectivit\u00e9s locales, syndicats, qui construisent d\u00e9j\u00e0 un autre partenariat.
Reconna\u00eetre ces acteurs sociaux comme des interlocuteurs \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re du partenariat ne pourrait que contribuer \u00e0 sa relance, que nous souhaitons tous, dans les int\u00e9r\u00eats de tous les peuples qui composent notre r\u00e9gion commune.<\/p>\n
R\u00e9ponses \u00ab imm\u00e9diates \u00bb de la Tunisie, en s\u00e9ance :
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De Monsieur Tijani Haddad, Pr\u00e9sident de la Commission de l’\u00e9ducation, de la culture, de l’information et de la jeunesse :<\/p>\n
Il n’y a l\u00e0 \u00ab aucun substrat de r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Nous n’accepterons aucune occasion d’ing\u00e9rence dans les affaires d’un pays, sur la base d’un pr\u00e9texte, les droits de l’homme..Cela ne sert pas cet espace que nous avons voulu de dialogue.. \u00bb<\/p>\n
Et d’un autre repr\u00e9sentant (plus tard.plus calme)<\/strong> :<\/p>\n
\u00ab Le Parlement europ\u00e9en joue un r\u00f4le de magister. Tout est discutable, mais de mani\u00e8re s\u00e9rieuse, en partenaires. Les informations viennent de milieux \u00e9trangers. On a encore un probl\u00e8me de construction nationale. Ni agir en s’ing\u00e9rant, ni \u00eatre dans une frilosit\u00e9 excessive de l’autre c\u00f4t\u00e9..On ne veut pas \u00eatre une Europe bis. \u00bb<\/p>\n
NARO SERVICES
Sources Infos : M\u00e9dit\u00e9rran\u00e9e Solidaire
<\/font><\/font>NAROS@net-up.com<\/a>
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LE JOURNAL ALGERIEN CONTINUE A COUVRIR LA SITUATION DES DROITS DE L’HOMME EN TUNISIE.<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
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DROITS DE L’HOMME EN TUNISIE \/ La r\u00e9pression d\u00e9nonc\u00e9e<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
Des d\u00e9put\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens et des ONG arabes s’inqui\u00e8tent de la multiplication des atteintes aux droits de l’homme en Tunisie.Vingt d\u00e9put\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens, parmi lesquels H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Flautre, Yasmine Boujenah, Daniel Cohn-Bendit et Harlem D\u00e9sir, interpellent la communaut\u00e9 internationale sur les atteintes aux droits de l’homme en Tunisie.<\/p>\n
\u00abApr\u00e8s l’agression dont fut victime son fr\u00e8re Taoufik Benbrik, le 20 juin 1999, apr\u00e8s l’attentat par balles contre Riadh Ben Fadhel, le 22 mai 2000, l’assassinat manqu\u00e9, vendredi 2 f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 Tunis, contre Jalel Zoghlami sonne comme une derni\u00e8re sommation \u00e0 agir efficacement.\u00bb Le 14 d\u00e9cembre 2000, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a effectivement vot\u00e9 des r\u00e9solutions exprimant \u00abla vive pr\u00e9occupation\u00bb de l’institution vis-\u00e0-vis \u00abdes mesures prises \u00e0 l’encontre des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme, de l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 de nombreux prisonniers politiques, de la multiplication des actes d’intimidation et de harc\u00e8lement\u00bb, en Tunisie \u00e9videmment. Les d\u00e9put\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens rappellent, \u00e0 l’occasion, que le trait\u00e9 d’association UE-Tunisie est fond\u00e9, dans son article 2, sur \u00able respect des droits de l’homme et des libert\u00e9s fondamentales\u00bb. Et par action efficace, ils entendent, donc, amener l’Union europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 faire pression sur la Tunisie, \u00e0 laquelle elle est li\u00e9e par un partenariat \u00e9conomique tr\u00e8s d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans l’espace euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en. Par ailleurs, quatorze ONG arabes ont appel\u00e9, \u00e0 partir du Maroc o\u00f9 elles venaient de tenir une r\u00e9union sur le probl\u00e8me des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s palestiniens, le gouvernement tunisien \u00e0 permettre \u00e0 la Ligue tunisienne des droits de l’homme (LTDH) de reprendre ses activit\u00e9s, estimant que \u00abl’annulation des r\u00e9sultats du dernier congr\u00e8s de la LTDH conduira \u00e0 son \u00e9viction du travail associatif\u00bb. Une centaine de personnalit\u00e9s \u00e9gyptiennes (Youcef Chahine, le directeur de la publication du quotidien El Ahram, Hani Chaker Allah.) et des journalistes ont, de leur c\u00f4t\u00e9, sign\u00e9 une lettre ouverte au pr\u00e9sident tunisien Zine El Abidine Ben Ali lui exprimant leur inqui\u00e9tude face \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression dont sont victimes des d\u00e9mocrates tunisiens, puis l’exhortant au respect des droits de l’homme.<\/p>\n
Par R. N.<\/p>\n
(Source: al watan du 15 f\u00e9vrier 2001.)<\/font><\/font>
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Lu dans la rubrique \u00ab\u00a0Confidentiel\u00a0\u00bb de Jeune afrique\/l’intelligent du 13 f\u00e9vrier 2001.
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<\/strong><\/font>TUNISIE (1)<\/strong><\/font><\/surtitre>
<\/font><\/font>Nouvelle compagnie d’avions-taxis.<\/font><\/titre> <\/font><\/p>\n

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– Adel Boussarsar, patron de Tunisie Voyages et de la cha\u00eene h\u00f4teli\u00e8re M\u00e9hari, s’appr\u00eate \u00e0 lancer une compagnie a\u00e9rienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les avions-taxis. La nouvelle soci\u00e9t\u00e9, baptis\u00e9e Sevenair, sera bas\u00e9e dans l’\u00eele de Djerba (Sud-Est). Boussarsar est par ailleurs l’un des actionnaires de Carthago Airlines, une compagnie a\u00e9rienne priv\u00e9e sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les vols charter, elle aussi en cours de d\u00e9marrage ( J.A.\/L’intelligent <\/i>n\u00b0 2091).<\/p>\n
TUNISIE (2)
Nouvelair bient\u00f4t en Bourse.<\/font><\/titre> <\/font><\/p>\n
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– La compagnie charter tunisienne Nouvelair souhaite \u00eatre introduite \u00e0 la Bourse des valeurs mobili\u00e8res de Tunis en 2002. Dans cette perspective, le fonds d’investissement Tuninvest a acquis 11 % du capital de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. H\u00e9riti\u00e8re d’Air Libert\u00e9-Tunisie (depuis 1996), Nouvelair, qui est dirig\u00e9e par Aziz Miled, le magnat du tourisme tunisien, a transport\u00e9 environ 900 000 passagers en 1999. Cinq millions de touristes ont visit\u00e9 la Tunisie l’an dernier.<\/p>\n
DISTRIBUTION
Batam pousse ses pions.<\/font><\/titre> <\/font><\/p>\n
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– Profurn, le g\u00e9ant sud-africain de distribution, vient d’acqu\u00e9rir 40 % du capital de Batam-Maroc, filiale du groupe tunisien H\u00e9la Batam. Montant de la transaction : 8,5 millions de dirhams marocains. Batam-Maroc, dont le capital est d\u00e9sormais de 21 millions de dirhams, en profite pour ouvrir de nouveaux magasins dans le royaume ch\u00e9rifien. Trois sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 en service et le quatri\u00e8me ouvrira ses portes dans les prochaines semaines. Par ailleurs, H\u00e9la Batam et Profurn ont sign\u00e9, il y a quelques mois, un protocole d’accord pour le lancement d’une grande cha\u00eene de distribution en Afrique du Nord. Apr\u00e8s le Maroc, les deux entreprises s’int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 l’Alg\u00e9rie, \u00e0 la Libye et \u00e0 l’\u0629gypte.<\/p>\n
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CETTE NOUVELLE INTERESSERA SUREMENT LES TUNISIENS QUI DEFENDENT LA CAUSE DE HAROUN M’BAREK AU CANADA!!!<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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Examen de la coop\u00e9ration tuniso-qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise dans le domaine de la famille<\/font><\/h3>\n
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15\/02\/2001– La coop\u00e9ration tuniso-qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise dans le domaine des droits et des conditions de vie des femmes et les perspectives d’\u00e9change des exp\u00e9riences ont \u00e9t\u00e9, jeudi, au centre de l’entretien de Mme N\u00e9ziha Zarrouk, ministre des Affaires de la femme et de la famille avec Mme Lea cousineau, sous-ministre qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois au secr\u00e9tariat de la condition f\u00e9minine.<\/p>\n
Evoquant les pr\u00e9paratifs du X\u00e8me plan national de d\u00e9veloppement (2002-2006), Mme zarrouk a soulign\u00e9 que la d\u00e9cision du Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali d’\u00e9tendre la consultation relative \u00e0 ce plan \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelon r\u00e9gional et local fournit une opportunit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire en vue d’identifier des projets concrets de nature \u00e0 int\u00e9grer davantage la femme rurale dans le circuit \u00e9conomique et \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser les objectifs du 2\u00e8me plan national de promotion de la famille.<\/p>\n
Mme Cousineau conduit un comit\u00e9 technique charge de faire le point du programme de coop\u00e9ration tuniso-qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois en mati\u00e8re de promotion de la famille et d’explorer les secteurs de la coop\u00e9ration d’int\u00e9r\u00eat commun selon l’approche genre (\u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9, formation professionnelle et entreprenariat f\u00e9minin).<\/p>\n
(Source : <\/font>www.tunisie.com<\/font><\/a>)<\/font><\/div>\n
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AL HAYAT PARLE DU LOURD SILENCE QUI PLANE SUR BAB SOUIKA ET TUNIS CITY!!!!!!!!<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 )
(\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 )
(\u062a.\u0645: 15-02-2001 )
(\u062a.\u0647\u0640: 21-11-1421 )
(\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f: 13851 )
(\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629: 22 )
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<\/font>\u00a0<\/div>\n
Remarquons que l\u00b4EST n\u00b4est pas encore champion officiellement mais elle l’est logiquement!<\/strong><\/font> <\/font><\/div>\n
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Mr RACHED GHANNOUCHI EXPOSES SES POINTS DE VUE DANS UNE RECENTE INTERVIEW ACCORDEE A L’HEBDOMADAIRE EGYPTIEN AL-AHRAM WEEKLY<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
<\/font><\/strong>\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
A government of God?<\/font><\/h3>\n
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Al-Ahram Weekly returns to the fray with a new round of Ramadan Debates. This year, contestants will examine the Islamist project: has it failed, or does it continue to form a government-in-waiting? Omayma Abdel-Latif challenges Sheikh Rashed Al-Ghenoushi<\/p>\n
In his home in the Sudbury Hills suburb of northeast London, 57-year-old Sheikh Rashed Al-Ghenoushi talks, preaches and lectures about Islam. His most important task, however, is to theorise an \u00ab\u00a0Islamic order of things\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n
As the leader of the Tunisian Islamist opposition movement known as Hizb Al-Nahda (the Party of Rebirth), which engaged in intensive political action in the ’80s and early ’90s, Sheikh Ghenoushi barely had time then to create a theoretical framework for the ‘Islamic agenda’ his party was propagating. A brief honeymoon between the then newly-appointed president, Zein Al-Abidin Bin Ali, and the Islamist movement came to an abrupt end when the movement embarked on an ambitious plan to challenge the government in the 1989 elections. In so doing, Al-Nahda was clearly breaching a previous agreement with the government in which it had pledged to keep a low profile. The movement was outlawed, and Al-Ghenoushi was forced to leave the country. He has lived in Britain ever since.<\/p>\n
One of the most prominent contemporary Islamic thinkers writing on political Islam, Al-Ghenoushi is convinced that Islam has an in-built sociopolitical mechanism which enables it to renew and reassert itself against internal decay and external threat.<\/p>\n
‘The Islamic order is based on two main principles: justice and shura [consultation]; and the implementation of the Shari’a. If such an implementation is not viable under certain circumstances, the emphasis would be on achieving justice and democracy. Therefore, I consider that the secular democratic system is semi-Islamic because justice is one of its basic components’
(photo: Jane Bown)<\/p>\n
He has published several books, including We and the West; The Islamic Movement and Modernisation; Women, between the Qur’an and Society; The Rights of Non-Muslim Citizens in the Islamic State; and Destiny and Man in Ibn Taymiya’s Thought.<\/p>\n
The sheikh, as his followers and visitors call him, does not see his stay in Britain as exile. Rather, it provides him with an opportunity to reflect and put into writing what he has been preaching in politics.<\/p>\n
Would you agree with the proposition, put forth by some Western scholars and some secular intellectuals in the Arab world, that the concept of combining religion with politics — specifically, political Islam — has come to a dead end, or, in their words, has proved a total failure?
First of all, the notion that politics and religion are separate in any given society doesn’t exist. In its most fundamental sense, politics involves a set of active links, both positive and negative, between civil society and institutions of power. In this sense, there has been little separation between religion and politics anywhere.<\/p>\n
I would like to point out that the Islamic project, as I see it, while based on divine references, is fundamentally dependent on the human element. Therefore, the possibility of success or failure cannot be completely ruled out. Yet I see no signs to validate this claim that the Islamic project — which embodies the politics of Islam — has in any way failed. I would place such a claim within the framework of ideological hostility because the understanding of Muslim politics seems to have slipped beyond the grasp of some ‘experts’.<\/p>\n
How can one judge the success or failure of any political ideology? Only by how popular this political concept is. In any given democratic system, the party’s success or failure is measured by the number of votes it manages to garner in the electoral process. I challenge this claim of failure by saying that no Islamic party in any given Arab country has ever participated in a free election and failed to achieve a remarkable victory through the ballot boxes. In fact, in the absence of a truly democratic process, it becomes absurd to speak of the failure of the Islamist programme. The Algerian example is a case in point: the secular project did not pass the test of power in the ballot boxes. So it opted for the use of force to defend the modernism they claimed the Islamists were going to destroy. A similar process took place in Turkey, where the Islamists defended democracy and civil society, while the secularists sought the protection of the military and foreign assistance, closed schools and private businesses, and even interfered with the way people dressed. This is what is happening in Tunisia as well.<\/p>\n
Now the argument should be set as follows: where does the secular project derive its legitimacy from, if not from the tanks and use of violence which in any civilised country go against the very basics of the modernist project?<\/p>\n
The role played by the Western powers, which stood against the rise to power of an Islamist party, worsened the situation. Had they ceased supporting and assisting the regime, violence would have ended a long time ago. But the democratic West and a chunk of the secular Arab elite, which allied itself with it, chose to support the attack on democracy when it served their interests.<\/p>\n
But achieving electoral success does not negate the fact that the absence of a detailed political programme remains one of the characteristics of any Islamist project, reflecting its inability to go beyond the founding texts.
We have to understand that there are two poles of Islamicisation. One is from top to bottom and involves power sharing. The other is from the bottom up, i.e., the Islamicisation of the society in which you lay the foundation of the social order. Islam places high emphasis on civil society and its organisations, while the secularist project in Islamic countries has focused on control of the state apparatus and the use of this apparatus to impose what it calls ‘modernisation’ — and which is, in reality, Westernisation and the fragmentation of the traditional social structure, in order to paralyse its defences. So the traditional structures have collapsed, but no modern structure has taken their place. This has destroyed equilibrium and has made of the state the sole player. This is dictatorship, and the Islamist movement’s fundamental project is to restore equilibrium to the benefit of society.<\/p>\n
It is not true that the Islamist project does not have a political programme. There is a whole body of literature written on that. The Islamic order is not just about the implementation of the Shari’a. But how can you contest the validity of such an order when it was not put into action in the first place? The Islamists ran for elections in professional syndicates, student unions, municipalities. This was based on a certain agenda. People didn’t elect them because they pray more than the others, or have beards, but rather because they manage to get things done. To counter your claim, one could very well say that the policy programmes of other Arab political actors are not in better shape.<\/p>\n
The question here is not why the Islamists did not succeed, but rather how the Islamists — despite all the physical violence committed against them — have managed to survive under such repressive circumstances, and in a situation stacked against them. All the evidence points to the fact that, in its broad outlines, the Islamist trend is a moderate trend, facing the extremism of Western secularism and the organisations that depend upon it. Islamism counters violence with moderation, and is integrating an increasing number of democratic concepts. It has come to represent the hopes of the people for the liberation of Palestine and Lebanon, their hopes for democracy and justice, for the unity of the Arab and Muslim community [Umma] in opposition to capitalist American clientelism.<\/p>\n
Does that justify the brutal acts committed by some radical groups in the name of establishing an Islamic order?
We have witnessed two forms of violence: official violence committed by the state, and popular violence committed in the name of Islam, as a reaction to this official violence. We always stand against any form of violence unless it is exercised against a foreign force.<\/p>\n
As we have stated before, violence should not be used as a way of expressing intellectual and political protest against the existing order within the nation [Umma], and both sides are to be blamed for the use of violence.<\/p>\n
But the reason, in my opinion, is that the government has drastically curtailed the possibilities for political participation granted to moderate Islamists while strengthening the action of the security forces against Islamist radicals. Consequently, the intensification of the state-Islamist conflict seems to correspond more to changes in government strategy with regard to the Islamist movements than to the evolution of an Islamist discourse on the legitimacy of political violence.<\/p>\n
So do you think that the best approach to eliminate violence is to have these radical groups co-opted by the state?
It is important to remember that democracy is not only a mode of government based on the recognition of difference and its passive management. It is also an educational sylabus capable of gathering even its enemies and bringing them to accept and comply with its mechanisms. Those who refuse these mechanisms and insist on the use of violence to impose their opinion can easily be marginalised by democracy. This is what happened with the most extreme right- and left-wing movements in Europe and Latin America, where most of them turned from violence and threatening democracy to the formation of political parties that actually support democracy. Those who insisted on employing strategies of direct action were pushed aside.<\/p>\n
In Israel, for example, people get engaged in fiery debates about a variety of different issues, but violence is not used as a way of expressing political protest. The state has managed to co-opt all the political trends, no matter how extreme they might be. It goes without saying that the so-called Muslim extremists are not going to be any more extreme than their Jewish counterparts, but because there is democracy in Israel — only for its Jewish citizens, of course — there is no need to use physical violence. In the Arab world, the problem was that the process of economic liberalisation which swept most of these societies off their feet had no parallel in the political domain.<\/p>\n
True, the scope of violence has been reduced compared to the [early to mid-] ’90s, but the reasons why this violence broke out in the first place are still very much there, and this is due not so much to the success of the security apparatus as to the willingness of the main Islamist trend to grow more rational and moderate. At any rate, there seems to be no political development to guarantee that such violence is not going to break out in the future. Unfortunately, this state-Islamist conflict affects the social, political and economic fabric of the country, leaving it vulnerable to external pressure.<\/p>\n
No state will be able to ward off outside pressure unless it acts from a unified base. A just democratic state — even if not Muslim — could achieve more victory and progress than an unjust Muslim state.<\/p>\n
You have stated in your writings that, in a truly Islamic society, the state will wither away. If the central concern is the conduct of man and not the state, why do some of the Islamist movements strive to attain such a secular goal?
The Islamist project is concerned primarily with the individual and society, not the political regime. The problem is that the latter inserts itself between us and the people. From an Islamic perspective, the state has very limited functions and, as the community gets stronger, the need for the state diminishes.<\/p>\n
We seek power sharing basically as a way to combat foreign aggression, because violence continues to be the norm in the world. The state’s main function is to deter aggression against the Muslims, but instead states now keep people away from religion in the name of combating fundamentalism.<\/p>\n
The state in the Arab world has been acting like the church in medireview Europe — the guardian of its own version of the faith. It runs the mosques, imposes a certain kind of official religiosity… This concept does not exist in Islam. It is similar in a way to the Jacobean secularism adopted by the French Revolution, which did not protect the right of religious conviction. It doesn’t even protect the right to choose a dress code, and this is how the veil issue came about in France, Turkey and Tunisia.<\/p>\n
But some argue that this right is not even protected within an Islamic system, since the veil is meant to be imposed on women anyway.
Within the Islamic perception, there is no uniform. The veil cannot be imposed by force, in accordance with the Islamic principle that ‘there is no compulsion in religion’. The extremist secularist project in France, Turkey or Tunisia, which interferes in private life, is the other face of extremist Islamism.<\/p>\n
<\/font>But it is, in Islamic systems like Saudi Arabia and Iran.
We do not regard Saudi Arabia as the ideal type of an Islamic state. There are plenty of applications of the Islamic system. Because there is no church in Islam, the right to ijtihad [independent interpretation] remains open. Nobody monopolises interpretation of the text. It is up to the community of believers to choose a certain interpretation, and a leader from among the candidates.<\/p>\n
You have stated that Muslims should share power in a secular state. Does that not go against one of the main features of the Islamists’ project of denouncing the existing order?
The answer is no. Muslims should not hesitate to participate in the establishment of a secular democratic system. It is their right as individuals and communities to contribute to efforts to establish such a system. In this way, the Muslims would seek the establishment of a ‘rational government’, due to their inability to establish the ‘government of legitimacy’, as Ibn Khaldun puts it. So it is their duty to participate politically in establishing and administering government in order to serve the interests of the Umma and prevent evil. Failing to do so will undermine these interests and allow evil to dominate society.<\/p>\n
It should be made clear that the choice in this case doesn’t involve an Islamic government versus a non-Islamic one, but rather a dictatorship versus a democracy. Here power sharing becomes a means to achieve mutual goals such as national solidarity, respect for human rights, civil liberties, cultural and social development and the deterrence of external threat.<\/p>\n
The problem lies in convincing the ‘other’ of the right of the Islamists, just like other political groups, to engage in political activities and compete for power through democratic means. The problem in our part of the world is the hegemony of despotism.<\/p>\n
One of the basic charges leveled against the Islamists is that they have applied double standards in politics: they allow themselves to use the democratic process to reach power and, once they seize it, they turn into the very authoritarian regimes they stood up against. How valid is this argument?<\/p>\n
Islamic rule is by nature democratic. Basically, because it derives its legitimacy from the people and, if the people withdraw their support, it loses its right to remain in power.<\/p>\n
The Islamists don’t speak in the name of God, therefore anyone has the right to oppose them, and by so doing he will not be opposing God in them. But we represent a way of interpreting Islam, and other non-Islamic ideologies could very well compete with [this interpretation].<\/p>\n
I don’t think the Islamic moral system would allow for double standards. I do not think it would be appropriate to ask a secular government to grant us legitimacy as political actors then, having seized power, take away their right to be there. This might be the stand of some radical groups that reject the principle of democracy altogether, but definitely not that of the moderates. Islamic ethics are based on the idea that you must do as you would be done by.<\/p>\n
But according to some of these groups, the 14-century-old civilisation of Islam has been reduced to just one element: implementation of the Shari’a.
The central concern of the Qur’an is the conduct of man and the establishment of justice. So, just as in Kantian terms no ideal knowledge is possible without the regulative ideas of reason (such as first cause), so in Qur’anic terms no real morality is possible without the regulative idea of God and the last judgement. This is the Shari’a.<\/p>\n
What many Orientalists and even indigenous writers do is to confuse Shari’a, which is fixed facts, revealed in Qur’an and unchanged by time, with fiqh [jurisprudence], the body of literature produced by the ulama, which is subject to change. The Shari’a gives continuity and character to Islam. It is the common thread that links the first generations of Muslims with generations to come. If everything is subject to change, there would never be an Islamic identity as such, and Islam would have been a surrealistic text.<\/p>\n
The Islamic order is based on two main principles: justice and shura [consultation]; and the implementation of the Shari’a. If such an implementation is not viable under certain circumstances, the emphasis would be on achieving justice and democracy. Therefore, I consider that the secular democratic system is semi-Islamic because justice is one of its basic components.<\/p>\n
Ibn Khaldun classified regimes in three main categories: dictatorship (rule by the use of force), rational government and Shari’a government. So if circumstances are not suitable for implementing the Shari’a, we must accept rational rule, a rule that is based on respect for human rights and justice, because Islam’s basic tenet is the achievement of the Umma’s best interest. If that is achieved, even though not under Islam’s banner, then well and good.<\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
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Subject<\/font>: <\/strong>Avion pr\u00e9sidentiel \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve<\/font><\/font><\/h3>\n
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