LES TITRES DE CE JOUR:<\/font> <\/div>\n

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Inter Associative Ind\u00e9pendante Tunisie: Communiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l’opinion publique<\/strong><\/div>\n
The Sayyid Ferjani: Dictators are eager to to commit treason and sell the country to the colonizers to safeguard their necks.<\/font>
Info Tunisie: Le Chef de l’Etat pr\u00e9side la cl\u00f4ture des travaux du Comit\u00e9 central du RCD<\/strong><\/div>\n
Info Tunisie: Point de presse du ministre de la Sant\u00e9 publique \u00a0\u00bbAucun cas de pneumopathie atypique n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 en Tunisie\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
The North Africa Journal\u00a0 : Tunisair:\u00a0 The Bumpy Road Ahead
The North Africa Journal : Iraq Crisis and Impact on North African Economies<\/font>
Hurrya Tounes: Les le\u00e7ons de l’agression et de l’occupation de l’Irak
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0640\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 : \u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a<\/font><\/div>\n
\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u00bb \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u00bb
\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a<\/font>
\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a: \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u062a
\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0645\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/font><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Coordonn\u00e9es de la nouvelle cha\u00eene satellitaire tunisienne:<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
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\u00a0Canal du Dialogue<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/h2>\n
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Emission hebdomadaire: Dimanche de 13h00 \u00e0 15h00, heure de Tunis<\/font><\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Satellite: <\/p>\n
Hot Bird 6 (Eutelsat)<\/font><\/h2>\n
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Position: 13\u00b0 Est<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
Trnspondeur: 131<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
Fr\u00e9quence de r\u00e9ception: 11.137,41MHz<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
Polarisation: Horizontale<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
Symbol rate: 27.5 Msymbl\/s<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
FEC: 3\/4<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
SID: 7302<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
PID Video: 522<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
PID Audio: 642<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Source: Donn\u00e9es transmises par Tahar Ben Hassine, patropn de la cha\u00eene<\/div>\n
Bonne r\u00e9ception et longue vie au nouveau-n\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias libres en Tunisie<\/div>\n
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Abdel Wahab Hani<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0640\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633
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\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a 10 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2003
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\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/font><\/h2>\n
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\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 : <\/p>\n
\u0623. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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<\/font>\u00a0<\/div>\n
Inter Associative Ind\u00e9pendante Tunisie
<\/font><\/strong>\u00a0
Tunis, le 11 avril 2003
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Communiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l’opinion publique
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\u00a0
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Les associations sous-sign\u00e9es,
\u00a0
Convainvues de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de respecter l’opinion adverse et du renforcement de la pluralit\u00e9 des opinions et des approches, qui sont le fondement de la d\u00e9marche d\u00e9mocratique,
\u00a0
Et suite \u00e0 ce qu’elles ont observ\u00e9 durant la guerre contre l’Irak, en \u00e9troitesse d’esprit et en compagnes de diffamation et de traistrise. Surtout apr\u00e8s ce qui a circul\u00e9 autour de la signature, de Madame Sihem Ben Sedrine, dans un communiqu\u00e9 sur la situation en Irak,
\u00a0
Expriment:
\u00a0
1-Leur refus de la logique monolithique qui n’admet pas la diff\u00e9rence d’opinion
2-Leur attachement aux r\u00e8gles du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique et leur refus des compagnes de traitrise totalement injustifiables, y compris par la situation exceptionnelle de l’agression contre l’Irak
3-Appellent l’ensemble des forces de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile \u00e0 donner l’exemple dans le respect de l’opinion adverse et \u00e0 \u00e9viter les basses maneuvres et l’intol\u00e9rence
\u00a0
\u00a0
Association Tunisienne des Femmes D\u00e9mocrates
Section Tunisienne d’Amnesty International
Ligue Tunisienne des Droits de l’Homme
Centre de Tunis pour l’Ind\u00e9pendance de la Magistrature et du Barreau
Rassemblement pour une Alternnative Internationale du D\u00e9veloppement
Conseil National pour les Libert\u00e9s en Tunisie
\u00a0
<\/strong>
(Traduit de l’arabe par A W Hani, sur la foi de l’e-original publi\u00e9 par le juge M Yahyaoui sur le forum TUNeZINE, le 11.04.2003, au soir)<\/font>
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Dictators are eager to to commit treason and sell the country to the colonizers to safeguard their necks.<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
The Free Intellectuals for Freedoms and Against Neo-Colonialism express its deep concern about the illegal occupation of Iraq and the control of its resources by the US and the UK. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Meanwhile the\u00a0strange collapse of the Iraqi brutal\u00a0dictatorship has demonstrated that those violating oppressors\u00a0of the rights and freedoms of their people may at some stage commit treason towards their country. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
It is important to note, \u00a0for Ben Ali and the Arab dictators that the deepening gap between them and the people could only be beneficial for the invaders.\u00a0Furthermore the artificial backing of many hypocrites belonging to the elite or the general public would never be reliable during the crucial times; and as they may shout for your long life they would shout for your death or your fall down at some stage. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
The widespread culture of hypocrisy\u00a0\u00a0among many sections of the society and in particular many of the elite could be explained to the reigning policy of fear in one hand,\u00a0and to the mastering techniques of survival within a framework of the culture of hypocrisy usually very widespread in the closed corrupted regimes as Tunisia and Iraq.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Those controlling power through trickeries and abuses could not last for ever and could never bring the strategic goods for their people. They don’t hesitate to deceive their people and to look at them as their servants\u00a0rather\u00a0than their masters.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
We must understand that the struggle for freedoms against the dictators or the colonizers is the same struggle, because both the local dictatorship and the foreign colonization are two faces for the same coin, and it is the same fight against both of them. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
The dictator takes care about him\/herself and he\/she is ready to sell the whole country for the sake of his\/her own safety. They were able to kill the people and to brutally their rights, and they won’t back off from committing treason in order to safeguard their selfish interests; in other words they don’t\u00a0have any sense of belonging to\u00a0their peolple and its noble heritage.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Sayyid Ferjani<\/o:p><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
FIFANEC Coordinator\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
London, April 9th, 2003<\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a)<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Le Chef de l’Etat pr\u00e9side la cl\u00f4ture des travaux du Comit\u00e9 central du RCD
\u00ab\u00a0Garantir les conditions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, de stabilit\u00e9 et de paix, au peuple irakien fr\u00e8re et \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion tout enti\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n
12\/04\/2003– Le Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 la cl\u00f4ture des travaux de la 9\u00e8me session ordinaire du Comit\u00e9 central du Rassemblement Constitutionnel D\u00e9mocratique, tenue les 11 et 12 avril \u00e0 Tunis. <\/p>\n
Le Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a prononc\u00e9 une allocution dans laquelle il a soulign\u00e9 que le \u00ab\u00a0congr\u00e8s de l’ambition\u00a0\u00bb se tiendra dans une conjoncture marqu\u00e9e par d’innombrables enjeux inh\u00e9rents \u00e0 l’\u00e9volution de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne, \u00e0 son interaction avec les mutations rapides dans le monde et \u00e0 son attachement \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser sans cesse plus de progr\u00e8s et
de bien-\u00eatre pour la Tunisie et son peuple. <\/p>\n
Le Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a ajout\u00e9 que le RCD, de par le capital historique qui est le sien et sa position d’avant-garde sur la sc\u00e8ne nationale, se doit de mobiliser toutes ses \u00e9nergies en vue de parvenir \u00e0 un large \u00e9veil des consciences autour de ces paris et de concevoir les programmes et m\u00e9canismes \u00e0 mettre en oeuvre pour les gagner. <\/p>\n
Il a, ensuit\u00e9, souligne que les comit\u00e9s de r\u00e9flexion nationaux du \u00ab\u00a0congr\u00e8s de l’ambition\u00a0\u00bb offriront le meilleur espace propice \u00e0 semblable action militante, afin que le quatri\u00e8me congr\u00e8s du parti soit une \u00e9tape d\u00e9terminante dans sa progression, en ce d\u00e9but de
si\u00e8cle.
Le Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a rendu hommage aux militantes et aux militants constitutionnels d\u00e9mocrates pour leur d\u00e9termination \u00e0 redoubler d’effort et \u00e0 poursuivre le travail avec assiduit\u00e9 pour gagner les paris et relever les d\u00e9fis, afin que le RCD demeure, \u00e0 jamais, un parti b\u00e2tisseur et pionnier, toujours jeune, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’apport de g\u00e9n\u00e9rations successives de militants d\u00e9vou\u00e9s au service de la Tunisie et de la d\u00e9fense de ses acquis.
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(Source : www.infotunisie.com )<\/font><\/div>\n
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Point de presse du ministre de la Sant\u00e9 publique
\u00a0\u00bbAucun cas de pneumopathie atypique n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 en Tunisie\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/p>\n
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11\/04\/2003– \u00a0\u00bbAucun cas de pneumopathie atypique n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 en Tunisie\u00a0\u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Habib M’barek, ministre de la Sant\u00e9 publique, lors de la rencontre p\u00e9riodique, tenue vendredi, au si\u00e8ge du d\u00e9partement, avec les repr\u00e9sentants de la presse nationale.
La Tunisie, a-t-il pr\u00e9cis\u00e9, a pris, d\u00e8s la publication du communiqu\u00e9 de l’Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9, le 2 avril, toutes les dispositions pr\u00e9ventives et toutes les pr\u00e9cautions n\u00e9cessaires pour prot\u00e9ger les citoyens contre le risque de propagation de cette maladie.
Le ministre a pass\u00e9 en revue l’ensemble des mesures pr\u00e9ventives prises par la commission technique d’urgence cr\u00e9\u00e9e \u00e0 cet effet, s’agissant notamment de l’installation d’une cellule centrale et de cellules r\u00e9gionales de suivi, ainsi que de l’actualisation des informations aff\u00e9rentes \u00e0 cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie et de l’encadrement des cadres m\u00e9dicaux, afin d’orienter les cas suspects vers les services sp\u00e9cialises, outre la coordination entre les services de police, de
la sant\u00e9 publique, et des douanes dans les ports maritimes et les a\u00e9roports, ainsi qu’aux points de passage frontaliers, afin de s’assurer qu’aucun voyageur en provenance de l’\u00e9tranger n’est porteur du virus de la maladie.
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(Source : www.infotunisie.com )<\/font><\/div>\n
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FLASH INFOS<\/font><\/div>\n

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Adoption d\u2019un projet de loi pour l’assainissement des banques<\/font><\/h2>\n
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La Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s a adopt\u00e9, hier, un projet de loi qui institue de nouvelles incitations fiscales visant \u00e0 renforcer les op\u00e9rations d’assainissement financier des banques de d\u00e9veloppement en vue de leur conversion en banques universelles.
Ce projet vise \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l’assainissement des banques de d\u00e9veloppement suite \u00e0 l’accumulation de leurs dettes, notamment, des cr\u00e9ances douteuses et leur conversion en banques universelles, et ce, tout en veillant \u00e0 ce que ces \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit continuent de jouer leur r\u00f4le dans l’investissement et le financement du d\u00e9veloppement.<\/font>
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(Source : Le Quotidien du 12 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font>
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Une \u00e9tude sur les logements mena\u00e7ant ruine<\/font><\/h2>\n
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Quelque 75 balcons n\u00e9cessitent une intervention d’urgence, pour un co\u00fbt estimatif de 957 mille dinars. Le taux de r\u00e9alisation des op\u00e9rations de remise \u00e0 niveau en est \u00e0 un taux assez avanc\u00e9 selon, un recensement men\u00e9 par la commission locale de Bab Bhar et soumis \u00e0 la r\u00e9union consacr\u00e9e au suivi du dossier des logements mena\u00e7ant ruine, qui vient de se tenir au gouvernorat de Tunis. Une commission a \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9e de proc\u00e9der au recensement de toutes les habitations en ruines dans les d\u00e9l\u00e9gations de Bab Souika, la M\u00e9dina et Sidi B\u00e9chir.<\/font>
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(Source : Le Temps du 12 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font>
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Le chiffre du jour : 2.000.000.000
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<\/strong>Deux milliards de dinars, tel est le montant des cr\u00e9dits accord\u00e9s par les banques de d\u00e9veloppement au financement des investissements en Tunisie depuis leur cr\u00e9ation jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent.<\/font>
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(Source : Le Quotidien du 12 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font>
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La BTQI cr\u00e9e deux nouvelles filiales<\/font><\/h3>\n
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La Banque tuniso-quatarie d’investissements a cr\u00e9\u00e9 deux nouvelles filiales.
La premi\u00e8re sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la gestion d’un portefeuille de valeurs mobili\u00e8res ou de produits financiers et la seconde sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le recouvrement.
La premi\u00e8re filiale d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e la Tuniso-Qatarie Finances (TQF) est dot\u00e9e d’un capital initial de 500.000 dinars.
Le premier Conseil d’administration de la TQF a d\u00e9sign\u00e9 M. Abderraouf Chetouane en tant que Pr\u00e9sident-Directeur G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la TQF.
La seconde filiale est d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e la Tuniso-Qatarie de Recouvrement (TQR).
Dot\u00e9e d’un capital de 300.000 dinars la TQR a r\u00e9uni son premier Conseil d’administration et a nomm\u00e9 M. Ridha Chkili comme Pr\u00e9sident-Directeur G\u00e9n\u00e9ral.
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(Source : Le Quotidien du 12 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font>
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<\/p>\n
Les artistes contre la guerre<\/font><\/h3>\n
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La F\u00e9d\u00e9ration tunisienne des cin\u00e9-clubs (Ftcc) et le cin\u00e9-club de Tunis organisent le 13 avril \u00e0 El Teatro un \u00abMidi-minuit\u00bb sp\u00e9cial \u2014 actualit\u00e9 oblige \u2014 autour du th\u00e8me \u00abLes artistes contre la guerre\u00bb. Ainsi de midi \u00e0 minuit, les adh\u00e9rents de la Ftcc ainsi que les cin\u00e9philes et autres artistes et public auront le loisir de suivre un programme de quatre films et non des moindres . Il s\u2019agit de : Platoon, le superbe opus d\u2019Oliver Stone fustigeant la guerre et d\u00e9non\u00e7ant ses horreurs, Il y a beaucoup de choses dont on peut parler, un magnifique documentaire du Syrien Omar Amiralaye mettant en sc\u00e8ne les derniers jours du po\u00e8te et \u00e9crivain syrien Abdallah Wannous. Un moyen m\u00e9trage d\u00e9goulinant d\u2019\u00e9motion \u00e0 ne pas rater, Couvre-feu, du Palestinien Rachid Ma\u00e2charaoui qui traite du v\u00e9cu douloureux et des souffrances qu\u2019endure le peuple palestinien soumis \u00e0 de longues p\u00e9riodes de couvre-feu ininterrompu durant des semaines parfois. Le film, tout en finesse, jamais de mani\u00e8re frontale, baigne dans l\u2019\u00e9motion. Tension, enfin, qui est un court m\u00e9trage du m\u00eame Ma\u00e2charaoui.<\/font>
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(Source : La Presse du 12 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
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Tunisia – Energy
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Tunisia Faces Increased Import Bill Due to High Oil Prices<\/font><\/h3>\n
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Tunisia’s import bill for petroleum products is expected to reach TD 300 million this year, assuming the prices of the barrel of crude oil to average between $25 and $30. For the first quarter of 2003, Tunisia’s petroleum purchases were based on a $31 per barrel. Pricing in the domestic market follows different criteria and is not based on the global oil market.\u00a0 Domestic pricing includes a subsidy component paid for by a subsidy fund.\u00a0 A $31 barrel\u00a0 was subsidized at $11 when it reached consumers.\u00a0 The government’s goal has been to market oil domestically at the price of $20.<\/p>\n
To cover part of domestic demand, the state will spend all of the revenues generated from crude oil exports of about TD 25 million, along with the profits of the state refinery company\u00a0 ‘Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Tunisienne des Industries du Raffinage’ (TD 68 million) and those of the petroleum company ‘Entreprise des Activit\u00e9s P\u00e9troli\u00e8res’ (TD 50 million). Combined, these three sources will only cover 68% of demand. <\/p>\n
(Source: North Africa Journal)<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n
Tunisia – Tourism<\/font><\/strong>
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February Tourism Receipts in Tunisia Flat Sequentially but Up Year over\u00a0 Year<\/font><\/h3>\n
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Tourism indicators in Tunisia are somehow stabilizing in spite of a recession hurting the travel industry and a grim outlook for the rest of the year.
While January 2003 showed a relatively strong performance, the month of February witnessed a major dip in demand, according to the Tunisian central bank. The total number of nights fell by 9.2%sequentially but was flat year on year.
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On the revenue side, receipts were up 1.6% sequentially, versus 11.5% in January.
\u00a0 On the year-on-year basis, February receipts were up 7% while expatriate remittances grew by 9%. The central bank says the current account deficit accounted for 0.3% of GDP in February 2003, down from 0.8% in the same month last year.<\/font><\/div>\n
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(Source: North Africa Journal)<\/font><\/em><\/div>\n
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 11 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2003)<\/font><\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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HOW ARE MAGHREB AIRLINES COPING WITH THE GLOBAL TRAVEL CRISIS<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Tunisia – Airlines
Tunisair:\u00a0 The Bumpy Road Ahead<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n
The 2001 September terrorist attacks on the United States accelerated\u00a0 the downturn of the travel industry and had a devastating impact on airlines worldwide.\u00a0\u00a0 While many were forced to declare bankruptcy, the war on Iraq brings greateruncertainty for the industry, including smaller state airlines like Tunisiair. The difficulties facing state airline Tunisair are not new or particularly\u00a0 recent, nor are they the results of September 11, 2001 alone.
The company, ike all other airlines, had to face growing competition drivenby the global\u00a0 open sky trend. And although the government pledged to support the airline out\u00a0 of\u00a0 its troubles, the company’s management and employees are equally\u00a0 responsible\u00a0 for the fate of the organization. Given its current financial commitments, Tunisair’s losses are\u00a0 projected to reach TD 200 million this year, according to its CEO Rafaa Dkhil. But outside\u00a0 experts believe Dkhil’s assessment is far optimistic since it does not\u00a0 consider the repercussions of the Iraqi war.\u00a0 Indeed, Dkhil’s assessment assumes a revenue\u00a0 increase of 12% in 2003 and 3.3% in 2004.\u00a0 But in the best case scenario, Tunisair\u00a0 will\u00a0 lose five times the equivalence of its capital by 2006.
Various factors conspire to hurt Tunisair.\u00a0 They are not only the\u00a0 crisis in the tourism market, the international geopolitical environment and the global economic weakness, but also the weakening value of the local currency the\u00a0 dinar, and\u00a0 the strengthening of the US dollar, which penalized the financial\u00a0 performance\u00a0 of the company, increasing its debt and liabilities.
Other external inhibitors include higher fuel prices and insurance payments.
But there are also many internal reasons that have been preventing the company form efficiently preparing for the downturn.\u00a0 The company’s fixed costs are some of the highest in the world given its employment and wage policies.
The company’s commercial and marketing strategy is not efficient or well coordinated,\u00a0 leading to high cost of maintaining Tunisair’s commercial network of agencies and offices. Workers and their union representatives are often blamed for their\u00a0 unwillingness to share the burden of a restructuring aimed at saving the company.
There are growing signs that the company will not be able to fulfill its payroll\u00a0 obligations in the long term if maintained at their current level. The culture within\u00a0 the company has been criticized by most observers and experts.<\/p>\n
WHAT WENT WRONG?
1998 was a pivotal year for Tunisair, when the company saw a major decrease of its profits and an acceleration of losses in the following years. The year\u00a0 2000 was no exception, with losses reaching TD 35 million, and then TD 45\u00a0 million in 2001 before toping TD 70 million in 2002.\u00a0 This loss-making trend continues and there is no solution envisaged for the short or medium terms.
Sources\u00a0 in the Tunisian stock exchange say losses may have already reached TD 170\u00a0 million in the first quarter of 2003. While the company’s core business has always generated losses, Tunisair was\u00a0 able to compensate thanks to a stock market boom that enabled it to balance\u00a0 its\u00a0 books.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Now that the boom is over and replaced by a bust, Tunisair can no longer rely on the Bourse to sustain its \u00ab\u00a0lifestyle.\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/div>\n
UNECESSARY SPENDING<\/font><\/div>\n
Analysts are very critical of Tunisair and its strategic decisions. Instead of investing on fleet renewal during the boom time, they say, Tunisair spent its profits on maintaining its high fixed costs, excessive overhead, and additional expenditures that showed no positive return on investment.\u00a0 With a fleet completely amortisized, Tunisair could have recorded good benefits, but now that it has new real estate to amortisize and loans to repay for the purchase of new aircraft, the company is operating on a shaky ground.
Meanwhile, the company witnessed deteriorating productivity in an enterprise that pays an 18-month wage for an 11-month-work year.\u00a0 With a business model that does not work, Tunisair management should have been wise to cut losses by trimming unnecessary spending, reviewing the wage scale, and in particular by cutting the wages of its top executives.<\/p>\n
BUSINESS RESTRUCTURING<\/p>\n
But these cuts would not have been enough and much important structural reconfigurations would have been necessary if Tunisair wanted to avoid the current situation.
\u00a0 For example, studies shows that the toughest competition has been concentrated on the charter business as opposed to scheduled flight business.\u00a0 The charter business accounts for 70% of Tunisair’s global activity.\u00a0 In this branch of business, Tunisair competes with aggressive low-cost carriers in a tourism market where low pricing is critical to attract buyers. And in the business, Tunisair has been loosing the war.
The company’s decision to open Sub-Saharan routes has also came under fire from critics who argued that if Air Afrique failed in its own market, how could a financially troubled Tunisair succeed.\u00a0 Similarly, the Middle East destination is also seen as source of problems in a region facing never ending political turmoil and accelerated military unrest.
These bad decisions made by management are characteristics of a group of executives who are having difficulties making logical and timely decisions.\u00a0 The financial analyst community at the Tunis Stock Exchange says it is skeptical and frustrated over the management’s ability to deliver on its promises of a corporate reformplan.\u00a0 <\/font><\/div>\n
Institutional investors say they have been hearing of such corporate restructuring for more than two years but nothing has been done yet.\u00a0 Investors are also loosing patience with the company’s reporting procedures, which include lack of sufficient financial information, lack of transparency at the stock exchange level, and late release of financial results, in contradiction of the country’s securities laws.\u00a0 All of these bad practices have conspired to force the airline share price loose value. This situation is not just a characteristic of Tunisair alone, but other large companies listed in the Bourse such as Batam and STIL have also followed the same habits, leading up to the weakening of the overall stock market in Tunisia, and forcing investors, both institutional and individuals, to loose confidence and to remain at bay until a major stock market reform is implemented by authorities and regulators.<\/font><\/div>\n
FOCUSING ON CORE BUSINESS<\/font><\/div>\n
Tunisair is involved in a variety of activities that it should consider outsourcing.
\u00a0 These activities, which consume a great deal of the company’s human capital and financial resources, include catering, aircraft and infrastructure maintenance, baggage handling, facility management and cleaning, and restaurant management.
\u00a0\u00a0 In an effort to focus on reviving its core business, Tunisair should consider hiring private or public companies to operate these various business units.
Most global airlines are not involved in activities like catering.\u00a0 Air France and Lufthansa use Revair and other service providers.
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When the economic environment was in a better shape, Tunisair went on the acquisition trail, and it now owns assets and stakes in various companies in spite of its urgent need to tackle its own financial position.\u00a0 For example it still owns a 12.5% stake in the UIB Bank, which was privatized and acquired by France’s Societe Generale.\u00a0 Prior to the Societe Generale acquisition, Tunisair controlled
\u00a025% of UIB. Its 12.5% stake is now valued at TD 16 million, a sum it can certainly use to fund its core activities, or at least to reduce its growing debts and liabilities.
\u00a0Among its other holdings is the 50% stake in Acquarius Hotel on the island of Djerba.\u00a0 The hotel is valued at between TD 40-50 million.<\/p>\n
The company should not only disinvest in this hotel but can also eliminate activities that others can perform more efficiently.\u00a0 That includes the sale or closing of its 15 reservation offices to benefit existing private travel agents
\u00a0The airline also owns valuable real estate in Paris and other foreign cities where it conducts business. These real estate assets are often under-utilized and cost large sums to maintain.
Furthermore, most analysts agree that the company has an excessive headcount, which can be reduced by an estimated 2,500.\u00a0 Tunisair currently employs 7,500 workers, who cannot be used efficiently given the current volume of business handled by the airline.\u00a0 At the stage, employment at Tunisair is 250 per aircraft, a number that should be lowered to at least 150, according to aviation experts.
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Management however faces major pressure from trade unions.\u00a0 The 1,200 employee \u00ab\u00a0departures’ that occurred in 2002 had no positive effect on the company’s cost reduction measures since the airline was forced to hire some 1,000 new employees that same year. Talks between management, unions, and the government on the status of the three professional categories active at Tunisair are still
underway and will likely take a long time before a final agreement is reached.
These categories are flight crews, sale and marketing personnel, and ground personnel. The status of each of these categories is negotiated on the one-on-one basis and include a large list of demands the company will not likely be able to fulfill.
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WHAT ABOUT THE FLEET?
\u00a0While the company faces difficulties making payments on this current aircraft, it is out of the question to purchase new ones, even if it takes two to three years to take possession of a new plane. When it comes to aircraft purchases, uncertainty in the air transport market is the biggest inhibitor for companies like Tunisiair.\u00a0 The company is already heavily indebted to further increase risks for the 2010-2020 horizon.\u00a0 The Anglo-American attack on Iraq is now making decision makers in airlines like Tunisair very worried about the future as they see the aftermath of the war even potentially more devastating that
the effects of the war proper. As such, Tunisair is unlikely to return to the aircraft market in the foreseeable future, even if the company and the government made some announcements recently indicating they will be seeking to purchase new planes. This is because the existing fleet in not only in good shape but it is also under-utilized. With the exception of destinations like Paris, Frankfurt, Tripoli and Cairo, airplanes going to most other destinations are not flying at optimum capacity required to run a profitable airline.
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STATE SUPPORT<\/p>\n
Although it is often easy to criticize management, Tunisair remains full property of the government, which also carries full responsibility for the future of the carrier and its performance.\u00a0 But the government insists that it will continue to support the troubled airline.\u00a0 Transport minister\u00a0 Sadok Rabah recently reaffirmed his government’s support to the company and its workers following a work stoppage initiated by employees.\u00a0 He pledged however that he will insure fast implementation of the long overdue restructuring plan, while maintaining dialogue with the workers’ union.\u00a0 In his speech to workers, Rabah brought some logic when he announced that Tunisair’s investment budget earmarked for its five-year aircraft acquisition program was actually reduced to TD 80 million, down from the previously announced
budget of TD 220 million.<\/p>\n
Tunisair is certainly facing a series of bumps on its road to recovery.\u00a0 It is now facing a devastating global crisis affecting air travel as the cost of fuel, the dollar and insurance continue to rise and as travelers have decided to postpone or simply eliminate their travel plans. In spite of a tumultuous period, Tunisair maintains some good assets that it could benefit from when a recovery is near.
\u00a0 Among other things, Tunisair has competent flying crews, led by highly reliable pilots.\u00a0 Its commercial teams are also knowledgeable of domestic and international markets.\u00a0 The airline boasts a relatively young fleet with its aircraft having an average of 5 year of age. The company is also certified ISO 9002 and JAR 145 for flight security. What’s left is a sound financial management adapted to a commercial strategy that takes into account the current global economic weakness.
\u00a0 Only then can Tunisair become an efficient airline.<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n
(Source: North Africa Journal)<\/em><\/font><\/div>\n
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Maghreb – Global Economy<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
Iraq Crisis and Impact on North African Economies<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
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There is a great deal of uncertainty over the impact of a prolonged war in Iraq but already entire industries are showing signs of major weaknesses. And when
President Bush vows that the war will last \u00ab\u00a0however long it takes to win,\u00a0\u00bb most analysts warn that the global economic outlook is increasingly grim.<\/p>\n
In North Africa, the events unfolding thousands of miles away are already impacting many key sectors, although not all the region’s economies are affected with the same degree. The economies of the four Maghreb countries, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia, are thus far showing different reactions with two first countries currently enjoying short and medium-term benefits while the others are beginning
to suffer from the fallout of the ongoing global geopolitical and economic climate.<\/div>\n
The structural differences that exist in the various economies of the region have a direct impact on how the ongoing crisis in Iraq is affecting the region.
\u00a0 Algeria, which depends nearly entirely on\u00a0 oil and gas exports, is, at the moment taking advantage of the crisis as the price of petroleum products remain high.<\/p>\n
While the country’s 2003 budget was based on a $19 per barrel of oil, the price of oil was almost doubled that level in the past months.\u00a0 The result of that is that Algeria will likely end the year 2003 with a another major surplus and record amounts of currency reserves in its coffers.
If the conflict lasts longer than initially planned by Pentagon strategists and the White House, the price of oil is likely to rise again to reach record highs, and that would mean unprecedented revenues for Algeria.<\/p>\n
The same scenario could be applied for Libya. Even though Libya remains a suspicious nation in the eye of many in the western world, the world economy cannot afford to disregard such important source of oil and gas.\u00a0 Indeed, while Iraq is clearly out of the game at the moment, oil producer Venezuela is facing a tough recovery time following the recent political unrest.\u00a0 Another key oil producer Nigeria, is currently facing its own political turmoil and many oil companies have already pulled their workers out of Nigeria as the crisis there unfolds.\u00a0 All of these events are putting pressure on the global oil market just when Libya began to re-enter the global economy, following talks of a settlement over the Lockerbie issue.<\/p>\n
\u00a0But in addition, Libya appears to be the less vulnerable of all Maghreb countries vis-\u00e0-vis the short and medium term repercussions of a potential global economic recession. Ironically because of the isolation imposed on it in form of an embargo for so many years, Libya is the only North African nation that has no debt toward international financial institutions.\u00a0 Since it could not borrow money during
the embargo era, it is now debt free.\u00a0 Furthermore, it is the only North African country that succeeded in generating a surplus year after year since 1995.
Its oil exports generate massive revenues each year, hovering around $21 billion annually.
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While Algeria and Libya are likely to benefit on the short and medium terms, Morocco and Tunisia are in the toughest position.\u00a0 Their economies are based on sectors that are tightly integrated into the global economy, with agriculture exports and tourism as their primary sources of foreign currency earnings.<\/p>\n
To effectively face the impact of a global recession, Tunisia is currently drafting contingency plans.\u00a0 Tunisia is already suffering from the aftermath of September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, which affected the country’s most productive sectors like tourism. Tourism receipts are down 13% and inflow from direct foreign investments continue to shrink. Tunisia’s budget deficit is likely to remain about 2.6% of GDP.
<\/font><\/div>\n
In response, the government of Tunisia is seeking to double its foreign currency revenues from exports to compensate from declining tourism receipts and from reduced exports to Iraq and other Gulf countries.<\/p>\n
In Morocco, various key sectors are facing rough time and economists have begun slashing their forecasts of the various economic sectors to reflect the global economic malaise. Overall GDP growth is expected to reach 4.1% this year, or a 1.7 percentage-point reduction from initial forecast of the \u00ab\u00a0Centre Marocain de Conjoncture\u00a0\u00bb or CMC.\u00a0 The trade deficit will worsen given the increase of the oil import bill, however, agriculture will show improvements, as well as in construction and public work sectors and gross fixed capital formation.
With these assumptions, CMC analysts revised downward their growth projections for many key sectors.\u00a0 In the construction and public work sectors, growth was reduced to 4.3% versus the initial projection of 10.5%.\u00a0 The service sector will expand by only 0.8% instead of the initial forecast of 3.5%.\u00a0 Growth of the agriculturesector was lowered by two points to 15.5%. CMC analysts also revised
downward their growth forecast for the transport and communications sectors, as well as manufacturing, all of which will have a reducing impact on overall GDP.<\/p>\n
Although the CMC expects a 3.6% increase of the consumer price index, household consumption is still expected to rise but a mere 0.9%, while gross fixed capital formation will gain 9.7% in stead of an initial forecast of 12%.
For Mauritania, the war in Iraq and the deteriorating global economic environment will have almost no impact on its domestic economy.\u00a0 Mauritania is one of the poorest countries in the world and therefore escapes from the logic of economics and global inter-dependence.\u00a0 Perhaps the only problem it could face is declining aid, if foreign governments and multilateral donors reduce their aid budget.<\/p>\n
In general, the situation does not bode well for Maghreb countries, although the region’s oil producing nations will likely benefit from the situation in the foreseeable future.\u00a0 Beyond, and on the longer term when the crisis in Iraq is resolved, even Algeria and Libya could begin to see signs of difficulties if the global economy does not resume growth.\u00a0 That prospect remains uncertain as America will be tempted to turn to protectionism. Unless the Bush administration’s stance on global issues changes drastically.<\/font><\/div>\n
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(Source: North Africa Journal)<\/font><\/em><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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<\/p>\n
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\u00a0***<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00a0*<\/font><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/font><\/font><\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a<\/strong> 10\/04\/2003<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
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Les le\u00e7ons de l’agression et de l’occupation de l’Irak
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Il est inutile de rappeler que l’agression et de l’occupation de l’Irak par les anglo-am\u00e9ricains est illigitime juridiquement parlant, immorale humainement parlant, et de plus pr\u00e9par\u00e9 et imagin\u00e9e depuis mars 2000, bien avant les attentas du 11-09-2001, et envelopp\u00e9e dans un nuage de raisons (plut\u00f4t mensonges : terrorisme et pocession d’armes de destruction massive) ind\u00e9fendable et insoutenable. D’ailleurs, le patron de l’inspection M. Blix, a reconnu publiquement, mais tardivement et avec lachet\u00e9 une fois la guerre termin\u00e9e, que l’Irak ne poss\u00e9dait pas d’armes chimique, bact\u00e9riologique.
Cette agression-occupation devrait \u00eatre analys\u00e9e afin de tirer les le\u00e7ons qui s’imposent aux peuples arabes. En voici une rapide et modeste tentative.<\/p>\n
Un dictateur et un r\u00e9gime despotique s’\u00e9croulent comme un ch\u00e2teau de cartes. La r\u00e9sisatnce des villes du sud \u00e9tait plus forte que celle de Bagdag o\u00f9 soit disant la garde r\u00e9publicaine veille et attend avec impatience l’arriv\u00e9e des troupes anglo-am\u00e9ricaines qui rentrent dans la ville presque sans combattre !\u00a0\u00a0
C’est la preuve que personne ne veut combattre pour d\u00e9fendre une dictature sauf par int\u00e9r\u00eat (\u00e7a fait pas beaucoup de monde pour prendre les armes) face \u00e0 une puissance de feu in\u00e9gal\u00e9e. Bagdad a capitul\u00e9 plus vite qu’on ne le pensait m\u00eame si la majorit\u00e9\u00a0 des Bagdadis n’accueillent pas les occupants avec beaucoup de joie.
\u00a0C’est la preuve que la dictature, quel quelle soit, est ind\u00e9fendable, une cause l\u00e9gitime et une terre sont d\u00e9fendables. Le culte de la personnalit\u00e9, du despotisme, et l’\u00e9ducation par la m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9, par la corruption et le client\u00e8lisme ne permettent pas de d\u00e9fendre un r\u00e9gime m\u00eame contre les pires ennemis, car le patriotisme des soient disant d\u00e9fenseurs (la milice du parti au pouvoir, la police politique, l’arm\u00e9e et les forces de l’ordre soumis au dictateur, les pseudo journalistes et propagandistes…) est tr\u00e8s li\u00e9 au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice et aux miettes que le dictateur veut bien distribuer. D\u00e8s que le dictateur est en difficult\u00e9, les clients (partisants et \u00ab\u00a0patriotes\u00a0\u00bb) se font de moins en moins nombreux.\u00a0
Au contraire, la dictature et le despotisme cr\u00e9ent et nourissent un esprit de vengence et de revanche. Sinon comment expliquer le comportement des pillards \u00e0 Bagdad et ailleurs. Piller les biens publics et en particulier le patrimoine culturel est tr\u00e8s r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur d’un malaise et de perte de rep\u00e8res. Eh oui, le bien public est assimil\u00e9 \u00e0 un bien priv\u00e9 appartenant au pouvoir et non \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat encore moin \u00e0 la collectivit\u00e9 donc au peuple. L’esprit de vengence ne peut que se traduire par le pillage de tout ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 accapar\u00e9 par le parti au pouvoir, spoli\u00e9 et poss\u00e9d\u00e9 par les dictateurs d’hier et interdit au peuple, en somme les richesses du pays.
\u00a0Le pillage des richesses culturelles est aussi tr\u00e8s r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur du type de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 que la dictature a constitu\u00e9 : une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9 et de non culture. Sa seule culture est le culte de la personnalit\u00e9 et du despotisme. Donc il ne faut pas s’\u00e9toner de la r\u00e9action populaire (il ne faut pas non plus la justifier) \u00e0 la chute forc\u00e9e d’un r\u00e9gime dictatorial. C’est une r\u00e9action naturelle d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e de curlture, appauvrie, asoif\u00e9e, spoli\u00e9e et terroris\u00e9e : la violence du r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e8re forc\u00e9ment la violence chez les citoyens.\u00a0
Il est possible que ce comportement de pillage des biens publics (m\u00eame les h\u00f4pitaux) soit accentu\u00e9 par le sentiment d’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sous l’occupation \u00e9trng\u00e8re, mais trouve son origine dans la violence morale et physique exerc\u00e9e pendant des d\u00e9cennis par un r\u00e9gime sans loi ni foi. Le comportement de la population
serait plus ma\u00eetris\u00e9 et plus civique si la chute de la dictature \u00e9tait provoqu\u00e9e par le soul\u00e8vement populaire. Beaucoup d’exemples le montrent, la Serbie
(la chute de Milosevic), Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal (la chute de Diouf), l’Allemagne de l’est (la chute du communisme)…<\/p>\n
Les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts psychologiques et comportementaux d’une dictature ne s’\u00e9ffacent pas d’un coup de baguette magique juste \u00e0 la chute du r\u00e9gime, il faut mettre en place un programme volontariste pendant une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ou deux pour effacer les comportements, reflexes et r\u00e9actions n\u00e9gatifs voire violents de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, et construire un esprit critique et rationnel.
\u00a0Nous souhaitons un d\u00e9bat autour de ces le\u00e7ons et des cons\u00e9quences de la chute de la dictature et l’occupation de l’Irak afin d’\u00e9viter le pire \u00e0 nos pays arabes menac\u00e9s aujourd’hui par l’occupation de r\u00e9gimes despotiques et demain par une occupation \u00e9trang\u00e8re.
Parmi les id\u00e9es que nous souhaitons d\u00e9velopper et d\u00e9battre :
– consid\u00e9rant la dictature comme un r\u00e9gime d’occupation interne, est-il souhaitable de constituer, m\u00eame symboliquement, un gouvernement
d’opposition pour la lib\u00e9ration du pays.
– consid\u00e9rant la ligue arabe comme instrument aux mains de r\u00e9gimes dictatoriaux, est-il souhaitable de constituer, m\u00eame symboliquement, une ligue arabe bis
et v\u00e9ritable repr\u00e9sentant des aspirations et int\u00e9r\u00eats des nations arabes.
Salutations d\u00e9mocratiques,<\/div>\n
H. T.
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Freedom for Tunisia, is a group of Tunisians fervent believers in freedom of speech and\u00a0 universal democratic values.<\/strong>
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Liberte pour la Tunisie, est un groupe de Tunisiens pour la democratie et la liberte d’opinion.<\/strong><\/div>\n
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<\/strong>\u00a0<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
<\/font>\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/font><\/div>\n
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<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
<\/font>\u00a0<\/div>\n
\n
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\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0640 1975
<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
<\/font><\/div>\n
<\/font><\/p>\n
\n
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<\/strong><\/font>(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 12 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2003)
<\/font>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n
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<\/font><\/font><\/font>
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2003.
\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2003)<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
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