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Infos express 21 avril 2003\u00a0<\/span><\/b>du <\/span><\/b>Ligue tunisienne pour la d\u00e9fense des droits de l\u00b4homme <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

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<\/span>Le rassemblement que devait organiser l\u00b4Ordre National des Avocats<\/font><\/strong> de Tunisie devant le minist\u00e8re de la justice et des droits de l\u00b4homme aujourd\u00b4hui 21 avril 2003 \u00e0 11h30 pour <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>protester contre le refus du minist\u00e8re de donner des r\u00e9ponses\u00a0positives et claires\u00a0 aux revendications des avocats a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdit par les forces de police qui ont encercl\u00e9 le palais <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>de\u00a0 justice de Tunis.\u00a0 <\/span>Les avocats qui \u00e9taient en r\u00e9union avec le b\u00e2tonnier au si\u00e8ge de l\u00b4Ordre National des Avocats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emp\u00each\u00e9s de sortir et de se d\u00e9placer vers le lieu du <\/span><\/font>
<\/span>rassemblement. <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>Dans une d\u00e9claration Me.\u00a0 Mokhtar Trifi\u00a0 a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 au nom de la Ligue Tunisienne pour la d\u00e9fense des Droits de l\u00b4Homme et s\u00b4est \u00e9lev\u00e9 contre ces agissements et contre \u00ab l\u00b4atteinte \u00bb <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>aux droits des avocats de s\u00b4exprimer et de se rassembler\u00a0 pour\u00a0 d\u00e9fendre leurs droits.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

** <\/span>M. Abdallah Zouari<\/font><\/strong>, journaliste, ancien d\u00e9tenu d\u00b4opinion qui a purg\u00e9 une peine de 11ans de prison ferme,\u00a0 lib\u00e9r\u00e9 en juin 2002, condamn\u00e9 de nouveau \u00e0 8 mois de prison ferme pour n\u00b4avoir pas obtemp\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision du minist\u00e8re de l\u00b4int\u00e9rieur lui assignant son lieu de r\u00e9sidence \u00e0 Zarzis\u00a0(500km de Tunis),\u00a0 alors que son lieu de r\u00e9sidence r\u00e9el est Tunis\u00a0 a \u00e9t\u00e9 interpell\u00e9 par M Boubaker Lafi charg\u00e9 des renseignements \u00e0 Hasi Jerbi et par M. Abdelmejid Ben Salem <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>chef du poste de police de cette m\u00eame localit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 3 questions qui lui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adress\u00e9es par le minist\u00e8re de l\u00b4int\u00e9rieur \u00e0 savoir : Les raisons pour lesquelles M. Zouari a <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>pris\u00a0 divers\u00a0 contacts\u00a0 avec des organisations \u00ab non autoris\u00e9es \u00bb ( La LTDH , le CNLT et d\u00b4autres associations ……) celles qui font qu\u00b4il consid\u00e8re le contr\u00f4le administratif exerc\u00e9 sur lui depuis sa lib\u00e9ration (7 novembre 2003) comme non r\u00e9glementaire, enfin, celles pour\u00a0 lesquelles il diffuse <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>des informations sur internet consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme \u00ab des fausses nouvelles \u00bb.<\/span> <\/span>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 pri\u00e9 par cette police r\u00e9gionale d\u00b4arr\u00eater ses contacts s\u00b4il ne voulait pas en subir les cons\u00e9quences.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Le 19 avril 2003 alors que M Abdallah Zouari \u00e9tait entrain d\u00b4envoyer un message sur Internet dans un centre publinet \u00e0 Zarzis , la police est intervenue en force et a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 la propri\u00e9taire de ce centre, Mme Aida Dhouib, d\u00b4arr\u00eater la connexion, ce qu\u00b4elle a fait. M. Zouari a fait faire un <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>constat par huissier notaire de cette intervention de police, mais Mme Dhouib, sous la pression de la police, a port\u00e9 plainte aupr\u00e8s du Procureur de la R\u00e9publique faisant \u00e9tat de <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>violence exerc\u00e9e contre elle par M. Zouari.<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span>Par ailleurs, M. Zouari qui est emp\u00each\u00e9 d\u00b4exercer n\u00b4importe quel travail a vu son compte bancaire o\u00f9 cinq cents dinars lui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 vir\u00e9s le 26 mars dernier de la part d\u00b4un ami, <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>install\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u00b4\u00e9tranger, bloqu\u00e9s par la Banque Centrale de Tunisie. <\/span>Mme Mabrouka Zouari, son \u00e9pouse a vu de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, sa mercerie install\u00e9e \u00e0 Zarzis ferm\u00e9e.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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M. Zouari a fait faire un constat par huissier notaire de cette intervention de police, mais Mme Dhouib, sous la pression de la police, a port\u00e9 plainte aupr\u00e8s du Procureur de la R\u00e9publique faisant \u00e9tat de violence exerc\u00e9e contre elle par M. Zouari.<\/font><\/span>
<\/span>Par ailleurs, M. Zouari qui est emp\u00each\u00e9 d\u00b4exercer n\u00b4importe quel travail a vu son compte bancaire o\u00f9 cinq cents dinars lui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 vir\u00e9s le 26 mars dernier de la part d\u00b4un ami, <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>install\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u00b4\u00e9tranger, bloqu\u00e9s par la Banque Centrale de Tunisie.<\/font><\/span>
<\/span>Mme Mabrouka Zouari, son \u00e9pouse a vu de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, sa mercerie install\u00e9e \u00e0 Zarzis ferm\u00e9e.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

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<\/span>** <\/span>Okba Ben Mohamed Ennasri<\/font><\/strong>, 19ans, lyc\u00e9en \u00e0 Menzel Bourguiba, 7\u00e8me\u00a0 ann\u00e9e Bac,\u00a0\u00a0 d\u00e9j\u00e0 arr\u00eat\u00e9 au cours du mois de f\u00e9vrier et tortur\u00e9 pendant dix jours par M. Ziad GUARGOURI et ses agents du groupe des services sp\u00e9ciaux de Bizerte (Nord de Tunisie)\u00a0 continue depuis sa lib\u00e9ration \u00e0 \u00eatre l\u00b4objet de harc\u00e8lement et de menaces sur sa vie et sa libert\u00e9 parce qu\u00b4il refuse <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>obstin\u00e9ment de devenir un d\u00e9lateur \u00e0 la solde des services de la police .<\/font><\/span>
<\/span>Le 09 avril dernier, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 emmen\u00e9 au si\u00e8ge de la police r\u00e9gionale de Menzel Bourguiba o\u00f9 il a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00b4objet d\u00b4un interrogatoire sur ses relations avec Me. Anouar Kousri, vice-pr\u00e9sident du comit\u00e9 directeur de la LTDH et avocat de la famille et sur ses relations avec la LTDH. <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>On a fait pression sur Okba Ennasri pour qu\u00b4il accepte de renseigner la police sur tout ce qui concerne la vie de la cit\u00e9 o\u00f9 il habite et le lyc\u00e9e o\u00f9 il \u00e9tudie.<\/font><\/span>
<\/span>Le 15 avril, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 emmen\u00e9 de nouveau dans les m\u00eames services de police o\u00f9 il avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait l\u00b4objet du m\u00eame traitement et on lui a intim\u00e9 l\u00b4ordre de revenir chaque fois qu\u00b4on le convoquerait, le mena\u00e7ant de l\u00b4enlever o\u00f9 qu\u00b4il puisse se trouver aux fins de le torturer .<\/font><\/span>
<\/span>Le 16 avril, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 emmen\u00e9 au poste de police de la cit\u00e9 Ennajeh, \u00e0 Menzel Bourguiba, o\u00f9 il a subi le m\u00eame harc\u00e8lement et a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00b4objet des m\u00eames menaces.<\/font><\/span>
<\/span>Rappelons que Okba Ennasri n\u00b4a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00b4objet d\u00b4aucune accusation et n\u00b4avait commis aucun fait punissable par la loi. <\/font><\/span>
<\/span>Son seul \u00ab crime \u00bb est d\u00b4\u00eatre le fr\u00e8re de Kabil Ennasri arr\u00eat\u00e9 et emprisonn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison civile de <\/span>Tunis<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state> ( affaire du groupe de l\u00b4Ariana.<\/span><\/font>
<\/span>Rappelons aussi que le p\u00e8re de Okba , M Mohamed Naceur Saidane\u00a0 handicap\u00e9 physique, a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00b4objet de mauvais traitement le 27 mars 2003\u00a0 de la part du nomm\u00e9 Ziad Guarguouri. <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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Conseil National pour les Libert\u00e9s en Tunisie<\/span><\/strong><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

4, rue d’Abou Dhadi, 1000 <\/span><\/strong>Tunis<\/span><\/strong><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

T\u00e9l\/Fax: +216-71 240 907<\/span><\/strong><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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Le journaliste Abdallah Zouari menac\u00e9 de nouveau<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
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<\/span><\/b>Nous venons d’apprendre que M. Abdallah Zouari subit un harc\u00e8lement continu et un nouveau proc\u00e8s semblerait en cours de pr\u00e9paration contre lui. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Par ailleurs, M. Zouari est sous surveillance continue et une voiture de police est sur ses traces o\u00f9 il se dirige. Les pers\u00e9cutions vont jusqu’\u00e0 l’interdiction d’acc\u00e9der aux Publinets, l’interromption de la consultation d’Internet ou le blocage du compte bancaire dans une s\u00e9rie de mesures visant \u00e0 l’\u00e9touffement de la voix de ce journaliste courageux et audacieux.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
L<\/o:p><\/span>e 19 avril dernier, M. Abdallah Zouari a \u00e9t\u00e9 emp\u00each\u00e9 de se connecter sur Internet par la force. Des policiers sont entr\u00e9 dans la Publinet et ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 la responsable des lieux de couper la connexion, chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite et M. Zouari a d\u00fb faire un constat de cela par le biais d\u2019un huissier notaire. Ne supportant pas cette r\u00e9action, la police a pouss\u00e9 la responsable du Publinet \u00e0 porter plainte contre M. Zouari sous le faux pr\u00e9texte qu\u2019il l\u2019a agress\u00e9.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Auparavant, M. Zouari a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une interpellation et d\u2019un interrogatoire en raison de pr\u00e9tendus diffusions de fausses informations et de contact avec des \u00ab\u00a0organisations non autoris\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action<\/span><\/b> tient \u00e0 informer toutes les parties et les instances concern\u00e9es de la gravit\u00e9 de la situation de M. Abdallah Zouari. Elle appelle \u00e0 une intervention urgente dans le cas de ce journaliste qui subit depuis sa lib\u00e9ration diff\u00e9rentes formes de pressions. Tous les moyens de subsistances<\/u> lui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdits et tous ses d\u00e9placements sont sous haute surveillance. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Fribourg, le 22 avril 2003 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Pour V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Service de l\u2019information<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Tunisie : rassemblement d’avocats emp\u00each\u00e9 par la police<\/font><\/h3>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Associated Press, le 21.04.2003 \u00e0 19h37<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>TUNIS<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state> (AP) — Un rassemblement d’avocats, qui entendaient <\/span>manifester pour des revendications d’ordre professionnel, a \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span>emp\u00each\u00e9 lundi par un important dispositif policier d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 tout <\/span>autour du palais de justice de <\/span>Tunis<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state>.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Rassembl\u00e9s au sein de l’enceinte judiciaire, quelque 200 avocats <\/span>conduits par leur doyen, Me B\u00e9chir Essid, ont vainement tent\u00e9 de se <\/span>rendre devant le minist\u00e8re de la justice et des droits de l’homme <\/span>situ\u00e9 \u00e0 une centaine de m\u00e8tres de l\u00e0 pour faire valoir leurs <\/span>dol\u00e9ances. Etait pr\u00e9sente une repr\u00e9sentante du conseil de l’ordre <\/span>des avocats de Gen\u00e8ve, Me Doris Leuenberger.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Selon le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du conseil de l’ordre des avocats, Me <\/span>Mohamed Jmour, les hommes du barreau r\u00e9clament \u00ab\u00a0l’\u00e9largissement du <\/span>champ d’action des avocats, l’immunit\u00e9 des avocats et de leurs <\/span>cabinets, l’unification des voies d’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la profession et une <\/span>couverture sanitaire\u00a0\u00bb.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Le b\u00e2tonnier Essid a indiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l’Associated Press que la <\/span>manifestation avait \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite par les autorit\u00e9s. Cit\u00e9 lundi par <\/span>le journal \u00ab\u00a0Assabah\u00a0\u00bb, le ministre de la justice et des droits de <\/span>l’homme, B\u00e9chir Tekkari, avait fait \u00e9tat des risques de poursuites <\/span>judiciaires qu’encouraient les auteurs de manifestations <\/span>non-autoris\u00e9es qui d\u00e9boucheraient sur \u00ab\u00a0la perturbation de l’ordre <\/span>public\u00a0\u00bb, de m\u00eame que ceux qui y participeraient.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Arborant des banderoles dans lesquelles ils r\u00e9clamaient \u00ab\u00a0une <\/span>couverture sanitaire urgente\u00a0\u00bb et soulignaient leur attachement \u00e0 <\/span>leurs \u00ab\u00a0revendications l\u00e9gitimes\u00a0\u00bb, les manifestants v\u00eatus pour la <\/span>plupart de leurs toges, ont d\u00fb renoncer \u00e0 leur marche et se <\/span>contenter d’un bref discours de leur doyen sur le perron du palais<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
de justice.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Nous allons poursuivre notre lutte pour la satisfaction de nos <\/span>revendications l\u00e9gitimes\u00a0\u00bb, a proclam\u00e9 le pr\u00e9sident du conseil de <\/span>l’ordre des avocats qui a \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0une protestation \u00e9nergique\u00a0\u00bb contre <\/span>l’interdiction de la manifestation. Il a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 les \u00ab\u00a0atteintes\u00a0\u00bb <\/span>dont font l’objet, selon lui, les avocats et leurs cabinets.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>En revanche, pour Me Fay\u00e7al Triki, un avocat proche du pouvoir, <\/span>rassembler 150 personnes dans une corporation qui en compte plus de <\/span>3.000, est \u00ab\u00a0manifestement un fiasco\u00a0\u00bb. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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La police emp\u00eache un rassemblement d’avocats \u00e0 <\/span><\/b>Tunis<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><\/font> (Ordre des avocats)<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AFP, le 21.04.2003 \u00e0 16h45<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>TUNIS, 21 avr (AFP) – La police a emp\u00each\u00e9 lundi \u00e0 Tunis un\u00a0 <\/span>rassemblement d’avocats qui entendaient protester contre les\u00a0 <\/span>conditions d’exercice de leur profession \u00e0 l’appel de leur conseil\u00a0 <\/span>de l’Ordre, a annonc\u00e9 ce Conseil dans un communiqu\u00e9. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Les forces de l’ordre en civil ont encercl\u00e9 le Palais de justice\u00a0 <\/span>pour emp\u00eacher ce rassemblement, selon le communiqu\u00e9 transmis \u00e0\u00a0 <\/span>l’AFP. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Le Conseil a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 cette \u00ab\u00a0interdiction en violation du droit\u00a0 <\/span>fondamental \u00e0 la libre expression et du droit syndical\u00a0\u00bb, affirmant\u00a0 <\/span>son engagement \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre les revendications des avocats. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Lors d’une assembl\u00e9e extraordinaire, le Conseil de l’Ordre avait\u00a0 <\/span>fait \u00e9tat le 11 mars dernier d’une \u00ab\u00a0grave d\u00e9gradation des\u00a0 <\/span>conditions\u00a0\u00bb de travail de la profession et annonc\u00e9 un programme de\u00a0 <\/span>protestation \u00e9tal\u00e9 sur huit semaines. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Le Conseil avait d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 notamment une \u00ab\u00a0politique l\u00e9gislative\u00a0 <\/span>mise en oeuvre depuis plus de dix ans dans le but de limiter le\u00a0 <\/span>champ d’action des avocats\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0porter atteinte \u00e0 l’ind\u00e9pendance de\u00a0 <\/span>la profession\u00a0\u00bb. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, le Conseil national pour les libert\u00e9s en Tunisie\u00a0 <\/span>(CNLT, non reconnu) a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0les pratiques ill\u00e9gales du pouvoir\u00a0 <\/span>visant \u00e0 porter atteinte \u00e0 l’ind\u00e9pendance des avocats et de\u00a0 <\/span>l’institution judiciaire dans son ensemble (et) condamn\u00e9 les\u00a0 <\/span>violences contre les avocats\u00a0\u00bb. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Dans un communiqu\u00e9 transmis \u00e0 l’AFP, le CNLT affirme que son\u00a0 <\/span>secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, Omar Mestiri et d’autres personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0agress\u00e9s physiquement\u00a0\u00bb par des policiers et estime que le \u00ab\u00a0corps\u00a0 <\/span>des avocats qui est \u00e0 la pointe du combat pour les libert\u00e9s\u00a0 <\/span>d\u00e9mocratiques, constitue depuis plusieurs mois une cible privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e\u00a0 <\/span>du pouvoir\u00a0\u00bb. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>L’interdiction de ce rassemblement d’avocats tunisiens\u00a0 <\/span>intervient alors que le conseil de l’Ordre est appel\u00e9 \u00e0 compara\u00eetre\u00a0 <\/span>mardi 22 avril devant la cour d’appel de <\/span>Tunis<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state>. <\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>La proc\u00e9dure contre le Conseil de l’Ordre et son b\u00e2tonnier,\u00a0 <\/span>B\u00e9chir Essid, vise \u00e0 faire annuler \u00e0 posteriori un appel \u00e0 la gr\u00e8ve\u00a0 <\/span>g\u00e9n\u00e9rale observ\u00e9 en f\u00e9vrier 2002 pour protester contre le\u00a0 <\/span>non-respect du droit dans le proc\u00e8s d’un opposant, Hamma Hammami,\u00a0 <\/span>mis en \u00ab\u00a0libert\u00e9 conditionnelle\u00a0\u00bb apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 emprisonn\u00e9.\u00a0 <\/span><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Communiqu\u00e9 de \u201cV\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action\u201d<\/font><\/strong>
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Tunisie:
Le feuilleton des agressions se poursuit
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Les avocats tunisiens ont fait l’objet hier lundi 21 avril d’une nouvelle agression lors d’un rassemblement organis\u00e9 devant le Minist\u00e8re de la Justice. Un grand nombre de policiers avait entour\u00e9 le palais de justice emp\u00eachant les manifestants d’y acc\u00e9der. Des affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s et nombre d’avocats et de militants, venus soutenir leurs coll\u00e8gues, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 gravement agress\u00e9 et bless\u00e9 dont nous citons M. Amor Mestiri, le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du CNLT et M. Mustapha Kraiem, ancien universitaire ainsi que plusieurs figures de l’opposition.
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Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements interviennent \u00e0 la veille du recours interjet\u00e9 par le corps des avocats suite au proc\u00e8s mont\u00e9 en toutes pi\u00e8ces par des avocats partisans du parti au pouvoir contre le corps des avocats. Les avocats r\u00e9unis au si\u00e8ge du Conseil de l\u2019Ordre tenaient \u00e0 protester contre le silence des autorit\u00e9s face \u00e0 leurs multiples revendications.
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Ces agissements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 par une s\u00e9rie d\u2019encerclements des bureaux d\u2019avocats ces derniers temps dont nous citons : Me Samir Ben Amor, Me B\u00e9chir Essid et Me Radhia Nasraoui. Aucune raison ne justifie ces pers\u00e9cutions except\u00e9 la volont\u00e9 de se d\u00e9barrasser du maillon le plus actif dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile qu\u2019est celui des avocats.
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V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action apporte tout son soutien au Conseil de l’ordre des avocats\u00a0 et toute la corporation dans son combat et condamne les violences dont ils \u00e9taient victimes.
Elle appelle les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes \u00e0 cesser l\u2019usage de la violence et de la r\u00e9pression qui ne vise que l’acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du processus d’extermination de toutes les formes d’opposition et de militantisme.
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Fribourg, le 22 avril 2003
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Pour V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action
<\/font>Service de l’information <\/strong><\/div>\n
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Qui sont ces Avocats qui attaquent le Barreau?<\/font><\/h3>\n
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Membres de la \u00ab\u00a0Cellule professionnelle du RCD pour les Avocats\u00a0\u00bb, ils sont pr\u00e8s de 300 \u00e0 rafler les affaires du contentieux de l’Etat, des entreprises publiques et des grands groupes priv\u00e9s. Certains se d\u00e9placent \u00e0 l’etranger avec un passeport diplomatique tunisien, bien qu’ils n’exercent aucune fonction au sein du coprs diplomatique. Ils sont les suppl\u00e9tifs des d\u00e9l\u00e9gations officielles devant les instnaces internationales. Leur sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 est la d\u00e9sinformation, le soutien au \u00ab\u00a0mod\u00e8le\u00a0\u00bb de la \u00ab\u00a0Tunisie du changement du 7 novembre 1987\u00a0\u00bb. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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A l’int\u00e9rieur du pays, c’est la cinqui\u00e8me colonne charg\u00e9e de saper et de saboter les activit\u00e9s du Barreau. La \u00ab\u00a0Cellule\u00a0\u00bb est un passage oblig\u00e9 pour tester la loyaut\u00e9 et \u00e9vlauer les sevices rendus, avant d’int\u00e9grer la haute fonction publique,\u00a0le corps diplomatique\u00a0ou la d\u00e9putation.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Par les temps o\u00f9 la propaganda du Bunker a besoin de voix de \u00ab\u00a0la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile\u00a0\u00bb, la \u00ab\u00a0Cellule\u00a0\u00bb adresse ses messages de concid\u00e9ration et de soutien \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0l’artisan du changement\u00a0\u00bb dans son Bunker pr\u00e9sidentiel.\u00a0En t\u00e9moigne cette information publi\u00e9e par le trop z\u00e9l\u00e9 site du RCD, parti au\/du pouvoir de Z. E. A.\u00a0Ben Ali:<\/span>\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Les avocats constitutionnels\u00a0expriment leur consid\u00e9ration au Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali<\/font><\/span><\/strong> <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Le Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a re\u00e7u un message de consid\u00e9ration et d’estime \u00e9manant des avocats constitutionnels saluant la d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9sidentielle de soumettre la r\u00e9forme constitutionnelle \u00e0 l’aval du peuple, convaincu qu’il est de faire participer le peuple \u00e0 la d\u00e9termination des grands choix nationaux.<\/p>\n
Les signataires du message expriment leur adh\u00e9sion totale au projet de la r\u00e9forme constitutionnelle, sur la voie de l’\u00e9dification de la R\u00e9publique de demain et r\u00e9affirment leur engagement \u00e0 faire r\u00e9ussir toutes les prochaines \u00e9ch\u00e9ances politiques et en premier lieu le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum du 26 mai.<\/p>\n
Les avocats constitutionnels expriment leur attachement au Chef de l’Etat pour la poursuite de la direction de la Tunisie sur la voie de l’excellence, de la modernit\u00e9 et de la d\u00e9mocratie, dans un cadre de stabilit\u00e9, de paix sociale et de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/o:p><\/i><\/p>\n
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Source: <\/font>http:\/\/www.rcd.tn<\/font><\/span><\/a><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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(Message envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 TUNISNEWS par M. Abdel Wahab HANI\u00a0\u00bb <\/strong><\/font>awhani@hotmail.com<\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/a>)<\/o:p><\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/p>\nD\u00e9p\u00eache de la TNA (TUNeZINE News Agency)
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Date:Date:\u00a0\u00a0 22-04-2003 08:33
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Auteur:Omar Khayy\u00e2m
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Texte:
TUNIS- (TNA) La place Bab Bnat \u00e0 Tunis a connu hier, 21 avril 2003 \u00e0 11H00 du matin, une manifestation sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent dans l\u2019histoire de La Tunisie. Des centaines de policiers en civil ont manifest\u00e9 devant le Palais de Justice. Les manifestants ont bloqu\u00e9 toutes les issues du Palais de Justice et envahi les rues adjacentes. On ignore jusqu\u2019\u00e0 maintenant les revendications de ces agents dont la manifestation \u00e9tait plut\u00f4t silencieuse et d\u00e9pourvue de banderoles. Une douzaine de citoyens, qui voulaient apparemment r\u00e9primer les policiers protestataires, se sont heurt\u00e9s \u00e0 un service d\u2019ordre impeccable et ont d\u00fb rebrousse chemin devant la d\u00e9termination des manifestants. Les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes ont appel\u00e9 les centaines d\u2019avocats qui se trouvaient \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du Palais de Justice au secours pour venir \u00e0 bout de ce mouvement de protestation impr\u00e9vu. Les avocats ont encercl\u00e9 les policiers, mais se sont abstenus d\u2019utiliser les matraques, les gaz lacrymog\u00e8nes et les chiens avocatiers. La manifestation s\u2019est dispers\u00e9e, l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi, dans le calme et aucun policier protestataire n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9. Le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur a observ\u00e9 un mutisme total au sujet de ce mouvement de protestation insolite et s\u2019est refus\u00e9 \u00e0 tout commentaire.<\/div>\n
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www.tunezine.com<\/a><\/font><\/div>\n
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Violation massive de la libert\u00e9 de croyance de l\u2019\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 de la population Tunisienne<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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Le FIFANEC\u00a0salue vivement le CNLT pour avoir soulev\u00e9 le cas de M. Khaled devenu chr\u00e9tien et pris sa d\u00e9fense en \u00e9tant un citoyen libre en sa croyance. Et se rallie pour d\u00e9fendre la libert\u00e9 de croyance de tous les Tunisiens.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Le FIFANEC rappelle tout le monde que l\u2019\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 du peuple souffre depuis plusieurs (longues) ann\u00e9es de la violation flagrante de la libert\u00e9 de croyance pour les Tunisiens.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Le rapport sur la situation des droits de l’homme dans le monde publi\u00e9 chaque ann\u00e9e par le d\u00e9paretment d’\u00e9tat (USA) parlait \u00e0 chaque \u00e9dition de la libert\u00e9 de croyance des minorit\u00e9s mais ignorait toujours cette m\u00eame \u201clibert\u00e9 de croyance\u201d de la majorit\u00e9 \u00e9crasante du peuple Tunisien: <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>la fermeture des milliers de mosqu\u00e9es dans les lieux de travail, <\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>le renforcement d’une note officielle \u00a0stalinienne appel\u00e9e ‘\u201dinstruction publique N\u00b0108’\u201det que les autorit\u00e9s de la police sous la direction du pr\u00e9sident ‘Haj’ sont en train d’attaquer plusieurs femmes musulmanes portant le voile (des fois m\u00eame en pleine rue)<\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Le fait que des enfants \u00e9l\u00e9ves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exclus des lyc\u00e9es pour avoir exprim\u00e9 leur choix de porter le voile. Les femmes et les membres de la famille des religieux musulmans sont encore deshumanis\u00e9s et priv\u00e9s des\u00a0simples droits\u00a0de citoyennet\u00e9 Tunisienne\u00a0en l’occurrence le droit de travail, de recevoir les soins dans les \u00e9tablissements publics si il\/elle est tr\u00e9 pauvre, d’\u00eare \u00e0maintes reprises obliges de divorcer de leurs partenaires, de devenir \u00a0priv\u00e9s de toute libert\u00e9 de mouvement, de securit\u00e9, \u2026\u00a0ils\/elles vivent en fait dans un enfer permanent!<\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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Les organisations des droits de l’homme dans le pays n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e9s chauds pour d\u00e9fendre avec la vigueur requise la libert\u00e9 de croyance des Tunisiens\/Tunisiennes pour de tr\u00e9s longues ann\u00e9es ( \u00e0 l\u2019exception de la LTDH qui depuis quelques petits mois a soulev\u00e9 la question du droit de porter le voile [ mieu vaut tard que jamais], la CNLT est la moins h\u00e9sitante de toutes mais\u00a0loin d’etre\u00a0exemplaire [depuis sa cr\u00e9ation]); Amnesty International a \u00e9t\u00e9 la plus objective.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Par contre, le reste des autres organisations ont donn\u00e9 la le\u00e7on suivante: \u201csi vous \u00eates musulmans, vos droits religieux sont ignor\u00e9s presque toujours par les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme\u201d!.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Les am\u00e9ricains aimeraient toujours faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la tragedie du 11 Sep, alors pour les musulmans cette meme date representerait la chute des valeurs Americaines et l’hesitation de plusieurs defenseurs des droits de l’homme devenus tr\u00e9s americains moins universalistes et surtout vis \u00e0 vis des droits de l’homme\u00a0et\u00a0de la notion de la loi internationale \u00e0 l’encontre des musulmans.<\/span>\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
La cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 des partis politiques et\u00a0des composantes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile est en question jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019elles d\u00e9fendent avec acharnement la libert\u00e9 de croyance de tout Tunisien sans oublier celle de la majorite’.<\/span>\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
De m\u00eame les valeurs universelles proclam\u00e9es par certains imposent la non-s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation en mati\u00e9re de d\u00e9fense des droits des victims, de toutes les victimes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Le FIFANEC, le coordinateur<\/o:p><\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
Londres, le 22 Avril 2003<\/o:p><\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
Sayyid Ferjani <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
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FLASH INFOS<\/font><\/p>\n
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\u00c8\u00d3\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e1\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d1\u00cd\u00e3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d1\u00cd\u00ed\u00e3 <\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00da\u00e1\u00ed\u00df\u00e3 \u00e6\u00d1\u00cd\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e1\u00e5 \u00e6\u00c8\u00d1\u00df\u00c7\u00ca\u00e5<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Montada Tunis lil7iwar al isalmi<\/font><\/h3>\n
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\u00ed\u00d3\u00d1\u00f8 \u00db\u00d1\u00dd\u00c9\u00a0\u00e3\u00e4\u00ca\u00cf\u00ec \u00ca\u00e6\u00e4\u00d3 \u00e1\u00e1\u00cd\u00e6\u00c7\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c5\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3\u00ed<\/font> \u00c8\u00dc\u00c7\u00e1\u00dc :\u00a0(Paltalk<\/font>)<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00c3\u00e4<\/strong> \u00ca\u00cf\u00da\u00e6\u00df\u00e3\u00a0\u00e1\u00e1\u00e3\u00cd\u00c7\u00d6\u00d1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00d3\u00c8\u00e6\u00da\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00ca\u00e3\u00ed\u00f8\u00d2\u00c9 \u00e1\u00dd\u00d6\u00ed\u00e1\u00c9 <\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00ed\u00ce \u00e3\u00cd\u00e3\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00e5\u00c7\u00cf\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00d2\u00e3\u00d2\u00e3\u00ed<\/font><\/h3>\n
\u00a0 \u00ed\u00e6\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00d1\u00c8\u00da\u00c7\u00c1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00c7\u00da\u00c9 21:00\u00c8\u00ca\u00e6\u00de\u00ed\u00ca \u00c3\u00e6\u00d1\u00e6\u00c8\u00c7.<\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
\u00c7\u00e1\u00db\u00d1\u00dd\u00c9 \u00ca\u00cc\u00cf\u00e6\u00e4\u00e5\u00c7 \u00dd\u00ed \u00e4\u00d8\u00c7\u00de\u00a0 By Language :Middle East\u00a0<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u00ca\u00e6\u00d6\u00ed\u00cd<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
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\u00dd\u00e6\u00cc\u00c6\u00ca \u00c8\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e1\u00c9 \u00ca\u00cd\u00e3\u00e1 \u00ca\u00e6\u00de\u00ed\u00da\u00ed \u00dd\u00ed \u00cc\u00d1\u00ed\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00de\u00cf\u00d3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ed \u00da\u00e4\u00e6\u00c7\u00e4\u00e5\u00c7 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00c8\u00cf\u00c7\u00cf \u00ca\u00e3\u00e5\u00ed\u00cf \u00e1\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00da\u00e3\u00c7\u00d1 \u00a1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00d3\u00ca\u00da\u00e3\u00c7\u00d1 \u00ca\u00ca\u00e6\u00ed\u00cc \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00c8\u00cf\u00c7\u00cf \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00c7\u00e1 \u00c3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e4\u00d5 \u00e1\u00ed\u00d3 \u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e1\u00c9 \u00d4\u00ce\u00d5\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c5\u00e4\u00e3\u00c7 \u00cc\u00d2\u00c1\u00c7 \u00a0\u00e3\u00e4 \u00c8\u00ed\u00c7\u00e4 \u00c3\u00d5\u00cf\u00d1\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00c4\u00ca\u00e3\u00d1 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c3\u00cc\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00e3\u00e5\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9\u00a0 \u00d3\u00c7\u00e5\u00e3 \u00dd\u00ed \u00d5\u00ed\u00c7\u00db\u00ca\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00e3\u00e5\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00e6\u00e4\u00a0 \u00e6 \u00e6\u00d3\u00c8\u00de \u00e1\u00ca\u00e6\u00e4\u00d3 \u00e4\u00ed\u00e6\u00d2 \u00e4\u00d4\u00d1\u00e5 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00e5\u00d0\u00c7 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00d3\u00c7\u00d3 \u00e6\u00de\u00cf \u00c3\u00c8\u00e1\u00db\u00ca \u00cc\u00d1\u00ed\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00de\u00cf\u00d3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00ed \u00c3\u00e1\u00dd\u00ca \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00e4\u00d4\u00d1 \u00df\u00ca\u00c7\u00c8\u00c7\u00ca\u00ca\u00ed \u00c8\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00ed\u00c7\u00c6\u00ed \u00e1\u00e1\u00ce\u00e1\u00d8 \u00e6\u00da\u00cf\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00de\u00c9<\/font> <\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
\u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00df\u00ca\u00e6\u00d1 \u00e3\u00e4\u00d5\u00dd \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d1\u00d2\u00e6\u00de\u00ed<\/font> <\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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Le Barreau men\u00e9 en bateau?!
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<\/strong>Vous voulez savoir ce que pense l\u2019\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 (silencieuse) des avocats de la situation actuelle de leur profession?
La r\u00e9ponse est fort simple: elle va mal ! Tr\u00e8s mal !\u00a0
\u00a0Tiraill\u00e9e entre les d\u00e9clarations des uns et des autres, entre le renvoi de la balle par les uns et les autres, cette majorit\u00e9 n\u2019a, aujourd\u2019hui, qu\u2019une seule certitude: elle est men\u00e9e en bateau !
Par qui?Pourquoi ?Jusqu\u2019o\u00f9?
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(Source: Tunis Hebdo du 21 avril 2003)<\/font>
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Diff\u00e9rence d\u2019approche…<\/font><\/strong>\u00a0
Le minist\u00e8re de la Justice et des Droits de l\u2019homme annonce avoir envoy\u00e9 deux courriers au Conseil National de l\u2019Ordre des avocats demandant des d\u00e9tails bien pr\u00e9cis sur le nombre des avocats en exercice et en retraite et les modalit\u00e9s du fonctionnement actuel de ce r\u00e9gime afin de pr\u00e9parer un projet de couverture sociale globale pour la profession.
Mais le Conseil de l\u2019Ordre aurait une autre id\u00e9e de cette question et souhaiterait l\u2019augmentation du prix du timbre de l\u2019avocat de 5 \u00e0 10 dinars pour r\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me. Diff\u00e9rence d\u2019approche que seul le dialogue (rompu!) peut r\u00e9soudre…
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(Source: Tunis Hebdo du 21 avril 2003)<\/font>
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L\u2019escalade ?<\/font><\/strong>
Le Conseil National de l\u2019Ordre des Avocats appelle les avocats \u00e0 une autre manifestation du m\u00e9contentement du Conseil, sous la forme, cette fois-ci, d\u2019un rassemblement, ce matin, devant le si\u00e8ge du minist\u00e8re de la Justice.
Nous continuons \u00e0 penser que seul le dialogue s\u00e9rieux et sinc\u00e8re peut r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes de la profession.
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(Source: Tunis Hebdo du 21 avril 2003)<\/font><\/p>\n
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Le Chiffre du jour : 30%<\/font><\/h4>\n
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Tel est le pourcentage de la capacit\u00e9 d’h\u00e9bergement lou\u00e9e \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de gestion \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Ces multinationales implant\u00e9es en Tunisie investissent, certes, dans le produit mais ne contribuent pas au transfert de technologies, ni au niveau du remplissage ou \u00e0 celui des investissements. Leur objectif reste de r\u00e9aliser le maximum de recettes sans trop s’impliquer dans le d\u00e9veloppement du secteur, mais notre pays respecte leur niveau d’implication et leur garde leur lot d’incitation. Esp\u00e9rons que cela les encouragera \u00e0 passer au niveau sup\u00e9rieur.
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(Source : Le Quotidien du 22 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font>
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LTDH : Congr\u00e8s de la section de B\u00e9ja<\/font><\/h4>\n
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Le Congr\u00e8s de la section de B\u00e9ja de la Ligue tunisienne des Droits de l’Homme (LTDH) se tiendra le samedi 3 mai prochain. La Ligue poursuit ainsi le renouvellement de ses structures et compte tenir les congr\u00e8s de toutes ses sections avant la fin de cette ann\u00e9e
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(Source : Le Temps du 22 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font>
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Avocats : l’affaire de la gr\u00e8ve du 7 f\u00e9vrier 2002<\/font><\/h4>\n
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La Cour d’appel de Tunis examine, ce matin, l’affaire de la gr\u00e8ve des avocats du 7 f\u00e9vrier 2002. Rappelons que des avocats qui n’ont pas observ\u00e9 cette gr\u00e8ve se basant sur le fait qu’elle n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9e par une assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale mais par le Conseil de l’Ordre, ont port\u00e9 l’affaire devant la justice. L’audience d’aujourd’hui serait en principe, consacr\u00e9e aux plaidoiries.
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(Source : Le Temps du 22 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font>
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Ferme th\u00e9rapeutique : Un projet ambitieux<\/font><\/h4>\n
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L’insertion des handicap\u00e9s dans la vie active n’est pas un vain mot en Tunisie. Outre les offerts continus des autorit\u00e9s publiques en faveur de cette tranche de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, les organisations caritatives et non gouvernementales ne cessent d’apporter leur contribution a l aeuvre collective. C’est ainsi que l’association Lions Club Carthage Sophonisbe se propose de construire une ferme th\u00e9rapeutique pour handicap\u00e9s. Ce projet ambitieux pourrait voir le jour le mois prochain.
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(Source : La presse du 22 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)
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Informatique : Participation tunisienne aux Journ\u00e9es Microsoft Research<\/font><\/h4>\n
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A l’initiative de Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Tunisie a invit\u00e9 une vingtaine de chercheurs tunisiens \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition des Journ\u00e9es acad\u00e9miques Microsoft Research pour la francophonie du 17 au 19 mars \u00e0 la Maison du Barreau \u00e0 Paris.
Cette manifestation a regroup\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 250 chercheurs, professeurs et doctorants du monde de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et de la recherche, parmi lesquels 20 enseignants chercheurs de Tunisie qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 en contact avec les experts des laboratoires de recherche de Microsoft Cambridge, MSR.
Le th\u00e8me de la conf\u00e9rence a port\u00e9 sur \u00abLes technologies NET dans la recherche et l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur\u00bb, et les conf\u00e9rences ont trait\u00e9 principalement des technologies Net, de l’utilisation et du d\u00e9veloppement des web services, du d\u00e9veloppement d’applications Net pour les nouveaux terminaux comme les Pocket PC, PocketPC phone Edition, TabIetPC… et du projet Microsoft \u00abNext Generation Secure Computing Base\u00bb visant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes d’exploitation.
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(Source : Le Quotidien du 22 avril 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail babelweb)<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
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\u00ca\u00e6\u00e4\u00d3: \u00cf\u00da\u00e6\u00c7\u00ca \u00e1\u00e1\u00ca\u00d5\u00cf\u00ed \u00e1\u00e1\u00c7\u00cd\u00ca\u00e1\u00c7\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de \u00e6\u00ca\u00d4\u00df\u00ed\u00e1 \u00e1\u00cc\u00c7\u00e4 \u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e1\u00cf\u00da\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00dd\u00e1\u00d3\u00d8\u00ed\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de\u00ed\u00c9<\/font>
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\u00ca\u00e6\u00e4\u00d3 – \u00ce\u00cf\u00e3\u00c9 \u00de\u00cf\u00d3 \u00c8\u00d1\u00d3
<\/font><\/strong>(\u00e3\u00cd\u00e3\u00cf \u00dd\u00e6\u00d1\u00c7\u00ca\u00ed)
<\/font>\u00a0
\u00cf\u00da\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00e5\u00ed\u00c6\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e1\u00cf\u00da\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de \u00e6\u00dd\u00e1\u00d3\u00d8\u00ed\u00e4 \u00dd\u00ed \u00ca\u00e6\u00e4\u00d3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00da\u00e6\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00e4\u00dd\u00c7\u00d1 \u00e1\u00e1\u00cf\u00dd\u00c7\u00da \u00da\u00e4 \u00d3\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00e6\u00cc\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00d8\u00e3\u00c7\u00da \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9\u00a1 \u00e6\u00cf\u00da\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de\u00ed\u00c9\u00a1 \u00cd\u00ca\u00ec \u00c5\u00ce\u00d1\u00c7\u00cc \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00cd\u00ca\u00e1\u00c7\u00e1 \u00da\u00e4 \u00c8\u00e1\u00c7\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00d1\u00c7\u00dd\u00cf\u00ed\u00e4.
\u00e6\u00c7\u00ca\u00e5\u00e3\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00e5\u00ed\u00c6\u00c9\u00a1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00ed \u00ca\u00df\u00e6\u00e4\u00ca \u00cd\u00cf\u00ed\u00cb\u00c7 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00cc\u00c7\u00e3\u00da\u00ed\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e6\u00e4\u00de\u00c7\u00c8\u00ed\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e6\u00e4\u00d4\u00d8\u00c7\u00c1 \u00dd\u00ed \u00e3\u00c4\u00d3\u00d3\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00cc\u00ca\u00e3\u00da \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00cf\u00e4\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00e6\u00e4\u00d3\u00ed\u00a1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00e6\u00e1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c8\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e1\u00e5\u00c7 \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00c5\u00cf\u00c7\u00d1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d3\u00ed\u00cd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00ca\u00d8\u00d1\u00dd \u00c8\u00c5\u00d8\u00e1\u00c7\u00de \u00e5\u00d0\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00e3\u00e1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00c7\u00c6\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00d1\u00d3\u00c9 \u00d6\u00cf \u00de\u00c7\u00da\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ed\u00c9\u00a1 \u00c8\u00db\u00d1\u00d6 \u00ca\u00d1\u00e5\u00ed\u00c8\u00e5\u00c7 \u00e6\u00c7\u00c8\u00ca\u00d2\u00c7\u00d2\u00e5\u00c7\u00a1 \u00c8\u00da\u00cf \u00ca\u00e4\u00dd\u00ed\u00d0 \u00e3\u00ce\u00d8\u00d8\u00e5\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00da\u00e3\u00c7\u00d1\u00ed \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de.
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\u00a0
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<\/font>\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/font>\u00a0<\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/strong><\/div>\n

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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
(\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d5\u00cf\u00d1: \u00e6\u00df\u00c7\u00e1\u00c9 \u00de\u00cf\u00d3 \u00c8\u00d1\u00d3 \u00c5\u00e4\u00ca\u00d1\u00e4\u00c7\u00d4\u00ed\u00e6\u00e4\u00c7\u00e1 \u00c8\u00ca\u00c7\u00d1\u00ed\u00ce 22 \u00c3\u00dd\u00d1\u00ed\u00e1 2003)<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/font>\u00a0<\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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\u00e6\u00dd\u00e4\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00df\u00ca\u00e6\u00d1 \u00d3\u00da\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d8\u00ed\u00c8 \u00c7\u00ca\u00e5\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c8\u00da\u00d6 \u00e1\u00e1\u00c5\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d1\u00e5\u00c7\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e4\u00d8\u00e1\u00c7\u00de\u00c7 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00e3\u00dd\u00e5\u00e6\u00e3 \u00df\u00e1\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00e5\u00c7\u00cf \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3\u00a1 \u00e6\u00d2\u00da\u00e3\u00e5\u00e3 \u00c3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00ed\u00e3\u00cc\u00cf \u00cb\u00de\u00c7\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e6\u00ca \u00da\u00e4 \u00d8\u00d1\u00ed\u00de \u00e3\u00c7 \u00ed\u00d3\u00e3\u00ec \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00e5\u00c7\u00cf\u00c9.<\/p>\n
\u00e6\u00de\u00c7\u00e1 \u00c5\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00e5\u00c7\u00cf \u00d3\u00e3\u00cd \u00c8\u00e5 \u00e1\u00e4\u00d4\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00da\u00e6\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c8\u00d4\u00d1\u00e6\u00d8 \u00e3\u00cd\u00cf\u00cf\u00c9 \u00e6\u00d6\u00e6\u00c7\u00c8\u00d8 \u00e6\u00e3\u00c8\u00c7\u00cf\u00c6 \u00da\u00e1\u00ed\u00c7\u00a1 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00da\u00e6\u00c9 \u00e1\u00e1\u00c5\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00ca\u00e3\u00ca \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00df\u00e3\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e6\u00da\u00d9\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d3\u00e4\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c8\u00e4\u00c7\u00c1 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00e3\u00c8\u00cf\u00c3 \u00ab\u00e1\u00c7 \u00c5\u00df\u00d1\u00c7\u00e5 \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00ed\u00e4\u00bb \u00e6\u00e3\u00d4\u00ed\u00d1\u00c7 \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00de\u00ca \u00d0\u00c7\u00ca\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ce\u00e1\u00d8 \u00c8\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00e5\u00c7\u00cf \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d1\u00e5\u00c7\u00c8 \u00e5\u00e6 \u00e3\u00cd\u00c7\u00e6\u00e1\u00c9 \u00e1\u00ca\u00d2\u00e6\u00ed\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00c7\u00d1\u00ed\u00ce \u00e6\u00d8\u00e3\u00d3 \u00e3\u00c8\u00c7\u00cf\u00c6 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00e3\u00cd\u00c9.<\/p>\n
\u00e6\u00ce\u00e1\u00d5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00df\u00ca\u00e6\u00d1 \u00d3\u00da\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d8\u00ed\u00c8 \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00c3\u00e4\u00e5 \u00dd\u00ed \u00db\u00e3\u00c7\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00e3\u00e1\u00c7\u00ca \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00c5\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00e6\u00de\u00da\u00ca \u00e5\u00cc\u00e3\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00c7\u00cf\u00ed \u00da\u00d4\u00d1 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00d3\u00c8\u00ca\u00e3\u00c8\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00ed \u00dd\u00ca\u00cd\u00ca \u00d8\u00e6\u00dd\u00c7\u00e4\u00c7 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00c7\u00c1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00db\u00d1\u00ed\u00c8 \u00d6\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d3\u00e1\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4\u00a1 \u00e6\u00e3\u00e5\u00cf\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00c8\u00ed\u00e1 \u00e1\u00d6\u00d1\u00c8 \u00c7\u00dd\u00db\u00c7\u00e4\u00d3\u00ca\u00c7\u00e4 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de \u00c8\u00d4\u00c8\u00e5\u00c9 \u00cf\u00da\u00e3 \u00e6\u00ca\u00d4\u00cc\u00ed\u00da \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d1\u00e5\u00c7\u00c8 \u00e6\u00c8\u00e4\u00c7\u00c1 \u00c7\u00d3\u00e1\u00cd\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00e3\u00c7\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00c7\u00e3\u00e1\u00a1 \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d6\u00c7\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ec \u00e3\u00c7 \u00ed\u00de\u00da \u00dd\u00ed \u00dd\u00e1\u00d3\u00d8\u00ed\u00e4 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00ed\u00cf \u00c7\u00d3\u00d1\u00c7\u00c6\u00ed\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00cf\u00da\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00de\u00c8\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00e1\u00c7\u00ed\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00ca\u00cd\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e6\u00e5\u00e6 \u00ce\u00ed\u00d1 \u00d4\u00c7\u00e5\u00cf \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d3\u00e1\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e5\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00da\u00ca\u00cf\u00ec \u00da\u00e1\u00ed\u00e5\u00e3 \u00e6\u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00c7\u00e1\u00ed \u00e5\u00e3 \u00d6\u00cd\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e1\u00e1\u00c7\u00d1\u00e5\u00c7\u00c8.<\/p>\n
\u00ed\u00d0\u00df\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e4 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c8\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00ce\u00d5\u00ed\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00ed \u00d4\u00c7\u00d1\u00df\u00ca \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00da\u00e3\u00c7\u00e1 \u00e4\u00cf\u00e6\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00df\u00ca\u00e6\u00d1 \u00da\u00c8\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00c7\u00cd\u00cf \u00c8\u00e1\u00de\u00d2\u00ed\u00d2 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c7\u00e3 \u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00d9\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00c4\u00ca\u00e3\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3\u00ed \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00c8\u00ed\u00c8 \u00c8\u00e6\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00d3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c7\u00e3 \u00e1\u00c7\u00ca\u00cd\u00c7\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00db\u00d1\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ed \u00e6\u00cf\u00e6\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4\u00ed\u00df \u00d4\u00e6\u00dd\u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00c7\u00d0 \u00dd\u00ed \u00cc\u00c7\u00e3\u00da\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00d1\u00c8\u00e6\u00e4 \u00c8\u00dd\u00d1\u00e4\u00d3\u00c7 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00df\u00ca\u00e6\u00d1 \u00da\u00c8\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d2\u00ed\u00d2 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00e6\u00ed\u00cc\u00d1\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00cf\u00ed\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c7\u00e3 \u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00d9\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00ed\u00d3\u00ed\u00d3\u00df\u00e6 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00df\u00ca\u00e6\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00cc\u00ed \u00c8\u00e6\u00d3\u00e4\u00ed\u00e4\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00cf\u00ed\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c7\u00e3 \u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00d9\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00e1\u00df\u00d3\u00e6 \u00e6\u00c7\u00cd\u00e3\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00ce\u00ca\u00c7\u00d1 \u00e3\u00c8\u00e6 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00cf\u00ed\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00d3\u00c8\u00de \u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00d9\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00e6\u00e4\u00d3\u00df\u00e6.
\u00a0
(\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d5\u00cf\u00d1: \u00d5\u00cd\u00ed\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00d1\u00de \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e6\u00d3\u00d8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d5\u00c7\u00cf\u00d1\u00c9 \u00ed\u00e6\u00e3 22\u00a0 \u00c3\u00dd\u00d1\u00ed\u00e1 2003)<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/strong><\/div>\n
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Terrorismo: Islam; riesame conferma carcere per tre arrestati<\/strong><\/font><\/h4>\n
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\u00a0Ansa, le 22.04.2003 \u00e0 13h40<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>MILANO, 22 apr (ansa) Rimangono in carcere l’imam di\u00a0 <\/span>Cremona, Mourad Trabelsi, tunisino<\/strong>,<\/span> El Samie Abu El Yazid, detto\u00a0 <\/span>Mer\u00e0i, egiziano, e Cabdullah Ciise, somalo. Lo hanno deciso i\u00a0 <\/span>giudici del Tribunale del riesame di Milano ai quali i tre\u00a0 <\/span>indagati, arrestati tra fine marzo e inizio aprile nell’ambito\u00a0 <\/span>delle inchieste milanesi sul terrorismo di matrice islamica,\u00a0 <\/span>avevano fatto ricorso. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Secondo i giudici, l’associazione di cui si sospetta facciano\u00a0 <\/span>parte \u00absi pone come obiettivo la creazione di un unico Stato\u00a0 <\/span>islamico nel nome di Dio, dotato di un proprio esercito\u00a0 <\/span>transnazionale e operante in varie parti del mondo, compresa\u00a0 <\/span>l’Italia e quindi al di fuori di aree ove vi fossero guerre in\u00a0 <\/span>corso\u00bb. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Per i giudici risulta \u00abdel tutto palese\u00bb l’esistenza di\u00a0 <\/span>un’associazione \u00abche si propone il compimento di atti di violenza\u00a0 <\/span>con finalit\u00e0 di terrorismo o di eversione dell’ordine democratico,\u00a0 <\/span>non solo a danni di Stati esteri non belligeranti ma dello stesso \u00a0<\/span>Stato italiano\u00bb. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>I tre erano stati arrestati in quanto sospettati di supportare\u00a0 <\/span>logisticamente una cellula legata ad Al Qaida. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Autorisations d\u2019exploitation des Publinets<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/h4>\n
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R\u00e9vision des crit\u00e8res en cours<\/span><\/font><\/h5>\n
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Chokri GHARBI<\/strong><\/font><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
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\u2022 Les publinets sont au nombre de 280 r\u00e9partis \u00e0 travers les r\u00e9gions de la R\u00e9publique.
\u2022 Projet de d\u00e9cret et r\u00e9vision du cahier des charges.
<\/em><\/span>\u2022 Prochainement, cinq centres regroup\u00e9s pour le travail \u00e0 distance (cyberparcs) seront mis en exploitation.
\u2022 Deux parcs des technologies de la communication seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s, dont l\u2019un sera implant\u00e9 dans la ville de Sfax. <\/o:p><\/em><\/span><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n
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Les nouvelles technologies de l\u2019information et de la communication (Ntic) sont de nos jours \u00e0 la port\u00e9e des jeunes, m\u00eame de ceux qui ne disposent pas encore de leur ordinateur particulier gr\u00e2ce aux centres publics d\u2019internet (publinets) dont le nombre a atteint 280 r\u00e9partis \u00e0 travers les r\u00e9gions de la R\u00e9publique.Mais si les Ntic constituent un moyen ad\u00e9quat pour consulter des informations et des documents se trouvant dans les quatre coins du monde dans divers domaines d\u2019activit\u00e9, elles peuvent constituer aussi une source de risque pour les jeunes qui, non encadr\u00e9s de pr\u00e8s, sont en mesure d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des sites dont le contenu ne r\u00e9pond pas aux besoins \u00e9ducatifs et scientifiques recherch\u00e9s.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Les services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s du minist\u00e8re des Technologies de la communication et du Transport proc\u00e8dent d\u2019ailleurs \u00e0 la r\u00e9vision approfondie et minutieuse des crit\u00e8res d\u2019octroi des autorisations d\u2019exploitation des centres publics d\u2019Internet (publinets). Il y a quelque temps, les promoteurs ont constat\u00e9 que l\u2019octroi des autorisations a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9. Il semble que cette r\u00e9vision des crit\u00e8res soit survenue apr\u00e8s avoir remarqu\u00e9 que l\u2019exploitation des publinets est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 certaines difficult\u00e9s et que certains g\u00e9rants n\u2019ont pas respect\u00e9 leurs engagements en mati\u00e8re de conditions d\u2019encadrement et de supervision directe du projet. D\u2019o\u00f9 donc l\u2019op\u00e9ration de r\u00e9vision des crit\u00e8res d\u2019octroi des autorisations d\u2019exploitation des publinets dans le sens de l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un projet de d\u00e9cret et de la r\u00e9vision du cahier des charges qui va concerner le regroupement des diff\u00e9rents centres publics de communication qui touchent les activit\u00e9s de la poste, les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications et l\u2019Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n
Les orientations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales du Xe Plan, rappelons-le, ont mis en relief l\u2019intention des autorit\u00e9s publiques d\u2019unifier ces activit\u00e9s dans le cadre de centres de services publics regroup\u00e9s dans le domaine des technologies de la communication, et ce, d\u2019une fa\u00e7on progressive.<\/span><\/p>\n
Trente mille postes d\u2019emploi<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Le plan a \u00e9galement fix\u00e9 comme objectif ambitieux la cr\u00e9ation de trente mille nouveaux postes d\u2019emploi dans le domaine des technologies de la communication. Un grand nombre de ces cr\u00e9ations concernera les dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur qui pourront profiter des diff\u00e9rents encouragements et incitations visant l\u2019augmentation du rythme de l\u2019investissement priv\u00e9 en optant pour ce secteur d\u2019avenir prometteur.<\/span><\/p>\n
Prochainement, cinq centres regroup\u00e9s pour le travail \u00e0 distance (cyberparcs) seront mis en exploitation. Implant\u00e9s dans les gouvernorats de Gafsa, Siliana, Jendouba, Le Kef et Monastir, ces centres devraient \u00eatre fr\u00e9quent\u00e9s par des centaines de jeunes qualifi\u00e9s en Ntic. En outre, et apr\u00e8s l\u2019exp\u00e9rience r\u00e9ussie du Parc des technologies de la communication \u00e0 La Ghazala, deux parcs similaires seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s dont l\u2019un sera implant\u00e9 dans la ville de Sfax.<\/span><\/p>\n
Les projets aussi bien publics que priv\u00e9s ne peuvent conna\u00eetre le succ\u00e8s escompt\u00e9 sans l\u2019apport humain. Des efforts sont consentis en vue de multiplier par cinq la capacit\u00e9 nationale dans le domaine de la formation dans le domaine des Ntic, et ce, au cours des toutes prochaines ann\u00e9es. Le nombre des dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s des universit\u00e9s, instituts sup\u00e9rieurs et facult\u00e9s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s passera de 2.000 par an actuellement \u00e0 10-15 mille par an \u00e0 l\u2019avenir.<\/span><\/p>\n
Ces dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur pourraient obtenir une autorisation d\u2019exploitation des centres d\u2019Internet ou opter pour la cr\u00e9ation de leur entreprise dans les divers autres sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s du m\u00eame secteur comme la conception de sites web, la cr\u00e9ation de logiciels\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n
Des encouragements fiscaux avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9s \u2013 parmi d\u2019autres mesures \u2013 pour encourager l\u2019investissement dans les domaines de l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie et des services informatiques et pour consolider le tissu des entreprises op\u00e9rant dans le domaine de l\u2019assemblage du mat\u00e9riel informatique. Un cadre juridique et r\u00e9glementaire avait m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9 pour les services \u00e0 valeur ajout\u00e9e, outre la mise en place d\u2019un cahier des charges pour la commercialisation du mat\u00e9riel informatique. Les \u00e9quipements informatiques font l\u2019objet d\u2019un contr\u00f4le technique \u00e0 l\u2019importation, \u00e0 la faveur d\u2019un cadre r\u00e9glementaire qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n
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(Source\u00a0: La Presse du 22 avril 2003)<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Les comptes sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataires de change en dinar convertible :
Nouvel instrument pour encourager les entr\u00e9es en devises<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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21\/04\/2003– Les comptes sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataires de change en dinar convertible, nouvel instrument destine\u00e9 \u00e0 accro\u00eetre les entr\u00e9es de devises dans le pays et objet d’une circulaire mise en vigueur, \u00e0 compter du 27 mars 2003, par la Banque centrale de Tunisie (BCT), ont \u00e9t\u00e9 au centre d’une conf\u00e9rence de presse, tenue lundi, \u00e0 Tunis, par Mme Golsom Jaziri, directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des transferts et du commerce ext\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la BCT. <\/p>\n
Cette circulaire qui s’inscrit dans le cadre de la lib\u00e9ralisation progressive du dinar tunisien, fixe les conditions d’ouverture et de fonctionnement des comptes \u00a0\u00bbsous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataires de change en dinar convertible\u00a0\u00bb et vise \u00e0 augmenter le nombre des sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataires, \u00e0 rapprocher les op\u00e9rations de change manuel et \u00e0 accro\u00eetre les entr\u00e9es en devises. <\/p>\n
Les sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataires, c’est \u00e0 dire toutes personnes physiques ou morales (h\u00f4teliers, restaurateurs, cliniques off shore…), habilit\u00e9es par un interm\u00e9diaire agr\u00e9\u00e9 (banques) \u00e0 exercer la sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de change dans le cadre de son activit\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation en vigueur, assurent des entr\u00e9es annuelles en devises de 400 Millions de Dinars. <\/p>\n
Le secteur bancaire tunisien compte actuellement 600 sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataires de change dont 70% du secteur h\u00f4telier et 30% appartenant aux secteurs de l’artisanat, la sant\u00e9 (cliniques),
agences de voyages… <\/p>\n
L’ouverture d’un compte sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataire de change de dinar convertible se fait par la pr\u00e9sentation de deux documents : une copie de l’autorisation d’exercice de l’activit\u00e9 de sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataire de change \u00e9manant d’un interm\u00e9diaire agr\u00e9\u00e9 et d’une attestation d\u00e9livr\u00e9e
par l’interm\u00e9daire agr\u00e9\u00e9 qui a conc\u00e9d\u00e9 la sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de change indiquant la contre-valeur en dinars des devises qui lui sont c\u00e9d\u00e9es par le sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataire de change au titre de l’ann\u00e9e civile pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. <\/p>\n
Le compte sous d\u00e9l\u00e9gataires de change en dinar convertible peut \u00eatre librement cr\u00e9dit\u00e9 de 2% de la contre-valeur en dinar des devises c\u00e9d\u00e9es telle qu’indiqu\u00e9e sur l’attestation d\u00e9livr\u00e9e par l’interm\u00e9diaire agr\u00e9\u00e9 concernant les personnes physiques r\u00e9sidentes. <\/p>\n
Il peut \u00eatre \u00e9galement cr\u00e9dit\u00e9 de 2% de la contre-valeur en dinars des devises c\u00e9d\u00e9es telle qu’indiqu\u00e9e sur l’attestation sus-vis\u00e9e, d\u00e9livr\u00e9e par l’interm\u00e9diaire agr\u00e9\u00e9 et au prorata de leurs
participations au capital de la personne morale r\u00e9sidente. <\/p>\n
Mme Jaziri a expliqu\u00e9 que le compte sous-d\u00e9l\u00e9gataire de change peut \u00eatre librement d\u00e9bit\u00e9 pour tout r\u00e9glement en Tunisie, l’achat de devises \u00e9trang\u00e8res sur le march\u00e9 des changes en vue de leur remise au titulaire du compte \u00e0 son conjoint, ses descendants ou ascendants au
premier degr\u00e9 pour effectuer un voyage \u00e0 l’etranger. L’ouverture de ce compte facilite l’acquisition de biens meubles ou immeubles situ\u00e9s \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger ou de droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
(Source: <\/font>www.infotunisie.com<\/font><\/span><\/a> )<\/font><\/span> <\/p>\n
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Oman, Tunisia to promote cooperation<\/font><\/h5>\n<\/h5>\n
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MUSCAT \u2014 The 20th Omani-Tunisian joint session of talks concluded here yesterday at Al Bustan Palace Hotel in the presence of Yahya bin Saud Al Sulaimi, minister of education, and Munsir Al Rowaisi, Tunisian minister of education.<\/p>\n
The session reviewed all issues and activities enlisted on the cooperation programme between the two countries.<\/p>\n
The two sides expressed their satisfaction with what had been achieved at all levels and in various fields. The agreement signed between the two countries included activating various aspects of cooperation, exchange of views and delegations and touched on the activities implemented such as, training courses and exchange of experts and delegations. The Omani and Tunisian sides called for the expansion of the current cooperation base to cover other aspects, such as electricity, youth, culture and heritage fields as well as education, higher education and increasing businessmen contributions and promoting joint trade between the two countries.<\/p>\n
The Tunisian minister said in a statement that the joint committee attempted to improve fields of cooperation among investors from the private sectors in the Sultanate and Tunisia through several fields, including the manufacturing of medicines, tourism and crafts industries and fisheries sector.<\/p>\n
He noted that in the field of educational cooperation the two sides are expanding their cooperation in the exchange of experience in engineering programme, school text books, saying that an Omani education delegation is due to visit Tunisia next month to explore other fields of cooperation in the education sphere. He concluded by noting that the joint committee covers all fields including activating cooperation mechanisms between the two countries. \u2014 ONA \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
(Source: le journal omanais \u201cTimes of Oman\u201d, le 22 avril 2003 )<\/font><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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L’Union syndicale du Maghreb d\u00e9nonce le \u00ab\u00a0nouvel ordre colonial\u00a0\u00bb en Irak<\/font><\/h5>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AFP, le 22.04.2003 \u00e0 14h57
\u00a0TUNIS, 22 avr (AFP) – L’Union Syndicale des Travailleurs du\u00a0 Maghreb Arabe (USTMA) a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 mardi \u00e0 Tunis le \u00ab\u00a0nouvel ordre\u00a0 colonial\u00a0\u00bb am\u00e9ricain en Irak et appelle le mouvement syndical\u00a0 international \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0se mobiliser contre l’occupation (de ce pays) et\u00a0 l’h\u00e9g\u00e9monisme am\u00e9ricain\u00a0\u00bb.
\u00a0Dans un communiqu\u00e9 sign\u00e9 de son secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, Abdessalem\u00a0 Jerad, l’USTMA, dont le si\u00e8ge est \u00e0 Tunis, estime qu’en occupant\u00a0 l’Irak, le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain cherche \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0l\u00e9gitimer un ordre\u00a0 mondial impos\u00e9 par la loi de la force\u00a0\u00bb.
\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0La guerre de conqu\u00eate men\u00e9e contre le peuple irakien, au m\u00e9pris\u00a0 absolu de l’opinion publique internationale, rappelle la tragique\u00a0 \u00e9poque du colonialisme\u00a0\u00bb, poursuit l’USTMA, qui voit l\u00e0 une \u00ab\u00a0volont\u00e9\u00a0 d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb de la part des Etats-Unis de \u00ab\u00a0priver le peuple irakien de\u00a0 ses richesses.
\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0La droite am\u00e9ricaine, triomphaliste depuis la fin de la guerre\u00a0 froide et usant des \u00e9v\u00e9nements condamnables du 11 septembre 2001,\u00a0 utilise le pr\u00e9texte d’un monde divis\u00e9 entre les forces du bien et du\u00a0 mal pour mener une politique de domination imp\u00e9rialiste autorisant\u00a0 les Etats-Unis \u00e0 intervenir unilat\u00e9ralement dans toutes les r\u00e9gions\u00a0 du monde pour y installer un ordre conforme \u00e0 ses propres int\u00e9r\u00eats\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0 affirme encore le communiqu\u00e9.
\u00a0L’USTMA, qui regroupe les unions syndicales des pays membres de\u00a0 l’Union du Maghreb arabe (UMA, Alg\u00e9rie, Libye, Maroc, Mauritanie et\u00a0 Tunisie), d\u00e9plore que \u00ab\u00a0les Am\u00e9ricains, \u00e0 peine la guerre contre\u00a0 l’Irak achev\u00e9e, se h\u00e2tent d’appliquer \u00e0 un pays voisin, la Syrie, la\u00a0 doctrine de la guerre pr\u00e9ventive…\u00a0\u00bb
\u00a0Elle appelle le monde \u00e0 se mobiliser pour \u00ab\u00a0exiger le retrait\u00a0 imm\u00e9diat des troupes d’occupation anglo-am\u00e9ricaines de l’Irak et\u00a0 permettre au peuple irakien de concevoir librement son destin\u00a0 politique en dehors de toute tutelle ou occupation \u00e9trang\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb.
\u00a0L’USTMA estime n\u00e9cessaire en conclusion \u00ab\u00a0une initiative\u00a0 syndicale mondiale pour conforter la dynamique de paix et jeter les\u00a0 bases d’un large front oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 l’occupation coloniale et \u00e0 la\u00a0 domination imp\u00e9rialiste\u00a0\u00bb. <\/div>\n
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Madrid souhaite \u00ab\u00a0ardemment\u00a0\u00bb la formation d’un gouvernement palestinien<\/font><\/h5>\n
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\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 AFP, le 22.04.2003 \u00e0 13h32<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>MADRID, 22 avr (AFP) – La ministre espagnole des Affaires\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e9trang\u00e8res Ana Palacio a souhait\u00e9 mardi \u00ab\u00a0avec ferveur\u00a0\u00bb la formation\u00a0 <\/span>d’un gouvernement palestinien qui serait \u00ab\u00a0un signal pour commencer \u00e0\u00a0 <\/span>sortir du tunnel\u00a0\u00bb dans lequel se trouve le processus de paix au\u00a0 <\/span>Proche Orient. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Je souhaite ardemment que la formation de ce gouvernement se\u00a0 <\/span>fasse et qu’elle soit parfaitement accept\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mme Palacio\u00a0 <\/span>en estimant que le Premier ministre palestinien d\u00e9sign\u00e9 Mahmoud\u00a0 <\/span>Abbas \u00ab\u00a0repr\u00e9sente l’espoir et le futur\u00a0\u00bb du peuple palestinien. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Il me semble que l’un des signaux pour commencer \u00e0 sortir du\u00a0 <\/span>tunnel (dans lequel se trouve le processus de paix) serait la\u00a0 <\/span>constitution de ce gouvernement et qu’il commence \u00e0 fonctionner\u00a0\u00bb, a\u00a0 <\/span>ajout\u00e9 Mme Palacio lors d’une conf\u00e9rence de presse conjointe avec\u00a0 <\/span>son homologue tunisien Habib Ben Yahia. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>M. Ben Yahia s’est born\u00e9 \u00e0 dire pour sa part que le processus de\u00a0 <\/span>paix au Proche Orient \u00ab\u00a0est un processus d’accouchement avec douleur\u00a0 <\/span>mais quelles que soient les difficult\u00e9s, il faut continuer\u00a0\u00bb. Plus on\u00a0 <\/span>retarde \u00ab\u00a0la reprise du processus de paix\u00a0\u00bb, plus on donne \u00ab\u00a0la chance\u00a0 <\/span>aux extr\u00e9mistes des deux bords\u00a0\u00bb, a ajout\u00e9 le chef de la diplomatie\u00a0 <\/span>tunisienne. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Les deux ministres ont exprim\u00e9 leur accord total sur le besoin\u00a0 <\/span>de publier la \u00ab\u00a0feuille de route\u00a0\u00bb, le plan de paix international du\u00a0 <\/span>quartette pour le Proche-Orient (USA, Onu, Union europ\u00e9enne, Russie)\u00a0 <\/span>pr\u00e9voyant notamment la cr\u00e9ation d’un Etat palestinien d’ici 2005. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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120 \u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00d8\u00e4\u00c9 \u00e6\u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00d8\u00e4 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00cf\u00c7\u00ce\u00e1 \u00e6\u00ce\u00c7\u00d1\u00cc \u00d3\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00ed\u00d5\u00cf\u00d1\u00e6\u00e4 \u00c8\u00ed\u00c7\u00e4\u00c7 \u00dd\u00ed \u00d0\u00df\u00d1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00e1\u00c7\u00c1 \u00cd\u00e6\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00e6\u00c7\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00db\u00c7\u00d4\u00e3 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00e5\u00cf\u00ed\u00cf\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e1\u00d3\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9<\/font><\/p>\n
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
\u00c3\u00e6\u00e1\u00c7\u00f0: \u00cd\u00ca\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00e6\u00e3\u00a1 \u00e1\u00e3 \u00ca\u00ca\u00cc\u00d1\u00c3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00e1\u00c7\u00ed\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00ca\u00cd\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00cd\u00ca\u00e1\u00c7\u00e1 \u00c3\u00ed\u00f8 \u00c8\u00e1\u00cf \u00ed\u00ca\u00e3\u00ca\u00da \u00c8\u00c7\u00e4\u00d3\u00cc\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00cf\u00f8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00cf\u00e4\u00ec \u00c8\u00ed\u00e4 \u00cd\u00df\u00e6\u00e3\u00ca\u00e5 \u00e6\u00d4\u00da\u00c8\u00e5. \u00dd\u00df\u00e1\u00f8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d1\u00e6\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00ed \u00ce\u00c7\u00d6\u00ca\u00e5\u00c7 \u00df\u00c7\u00e4\u00ca \u00d6\u00cf\u00f8 \u00c3\u00e4\u00d9\u00e3\u00c9 \u00d6\u00da\u00ed\u00dd\u00c9 \u00ed\u00e6\u00cc\u00cf \u00e3\u00d4\u00df\u00e1\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00d4\u00d1\u00da\u00ed\u00ca\u00e5\u00c7\u00a1 \u00e3\u00da\u00d2\u00e6\u00e1\u00c9 \u00da\u00e4 \u00d4\u00da\u00e6\u00c8\u00e5\u00c7\u00a1 \u00e6\u00da\u00c7\u00cc\u00d2\u00c9 \u00da\u00e4 \u00ca\u00cd\u00de\u00ed\u00de \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00cd\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00e6\u00cc\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00ce\u00c7\u00d8\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ce\u00c7\u00d1\u00cc\u00ed\u00c9.
\u00cb\u00c7\u00e4\u00ed\u00c7\u00f0: \u00c3\u00cb\u00c8\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00e6\u00c7\u00e4 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de\u00a1 \u00c3\u00e4 \u00c3\u00cc\u00e5\u00d2\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00e4 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d2\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00c7\u00cd\u00cf\u00a1 \u00db\u00ed\u00d1 \u00de\u00c7\u00cf\u00d1\u00c9 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00dd\u00c7\u00da \u00da\u00e4 \u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00de\u00e1\u00c7\u00e1 \u00e6\u00d3\u00ed\u00c7\u00cf\u00c9 \u00e6\u00df\u00d1\u00c7\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00a1 \u00e6\u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00c7\u00e1\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00e1\u00c7\u00de\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00cf\u00e1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c8\u00ed\u00e4 \u00cd\u00de\u00e6\u00de \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00d8\u00e4 \u00e6\u00df\u00d1\u00c7\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00d8\u00e4.
\u00cb\u00c7\u00e1\u00cb\u00c7: \u00c5\u00e4\u00f8 \u00c3\u00ed\u00f8 \u00c7\u00e4\u00ca\u00e5\u00c7\u00df \u00e1\u00cd\u00de\u00e6\u00de\u00f2 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00d8\u00e4 \u00c3\u00e3\u00c7\u00e3 \u00d3\u00e1\u00d8\u00c7\u00ca \u00c8\u00e1\u00cf\u00e5\u00a1 \u00e5\u00ed \u00e5\u00d2\u00ed\u00e3\u00c9\u00f1 \u00e1\u00e1\u00e6\u00d8\u00e4 \u00c3\u00e3\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00e6\u00c7\u00e4\u00a1 \u00e6\u00e1\u00c7 \u00ed\u00e3\u00df\u00e4 \u00e1\u00d3\u00ed\u00c7\u00d3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00de\u00d1\u00c7\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00e4\u00ed\u00f8\u00a1 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00e3\u00d1\u00c7\u00d1 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c3\u00cc\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00e3\u00d1\u00c7\u00d1\u00a1 \u00c5\u00e1\u00c7\u00f8 \u00c3\u00e4 \u00ca\u00c4\u00cf\u00ed\u00f3 \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00c8\u00e1\u00cf \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00e3\u00c7\u00d1. \u00dd\u00e3\u00da\u00e4\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00e4 \u00e1\u00e1\u00cf\u00dd\u00c7\u00da \u00da\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00d8\u00e4 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00da\u00ca\u00cf\u00c7\u00c1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ce\u00c7\u00d1\u00cc\u00ed \u00da\u00e1\u00ed\u00e5 \u00e6\u00e1\u00ed\u00d3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00dd\u00c7\u00da \u00da\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00e1\u00d8\u00c9 \u00e3\u00e5\u00e3\u00c7 \u00df\u00c7\u00e4 \u00d4\u00df\u00e1\u00e5\u00c7 \u00e6\u00d8\u00c7\u00c8\u00da\u00e5\u00c7.
\u00d1\u00c7\u00c8\u00da\u00c7: \u00c5\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00da\u00e6\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00e3\u00e6\u00da\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00df\u00c8\u00e1\u00c9 \u00db\u00ed\u00d1 \u00de\u00c7\u00cf\u00d1\u00c9 \u00e1\u00e1\u00cf\u00dd\u00c7\u00da \u00da\u00e4 \u00e4\u00dd\u00d3\u00e5\u00c7 \u00e6\u00cd\u00e3\u00c7\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00e5\u00c7.
\u00ce\u00c7\u00e3\u00d3\u00c7\u00f0: \u00e1\u00ed\u00d3 \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00c5\u00e3\u00df\u00c7\u00e4 \u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00cc\u00e5\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00e6\u00c7\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00c8\u00d1\u00ed\u00d8\u00c7\u00e4\u00ed\u00a1 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00e5\u00cf\u00ed\u00cf\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c5\u00d3\u00d1\u00c7\u00c6\u00ed\u00e1\u00ed\u00c9\u00a1 \u00c5\u00e1\u00c7 \u00c8\u00c8\u00e4\u00c7\u00c1 \u00c3\u00e6\u00d3\u00da \u00c5\u00cc\u00e3\u00c7\u00da\u00f2 \u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00ed\u00f8\u00a1 \u00e6\u00c3\u00e3\u00ca\u00e4 \u00cc\u00c8\u00e5\u00c9 \u00cf\u00c7\u00ce\u00e1\u00ed\u00c9\u00a1 \u00ca\u00de\u00e6\u00e3 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c3\u00d3\u00c7\u00d3 \u00cd\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00d8\u00e4\u00ed\u00e4. \u00dd\u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00da\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d0\u00ed \u00ed\u00ca\u00e3\u00ca\u00da \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00ed\u00c7\u00cf\u00c9\u00a1 \u00ed\u00e3\u00ca\u00e1\u00df \u00c7\u00e1\u00d1\u00d5\u00ed\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00e1\u00c7\u00d2\u00e3 \u00e1\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00e4\u00e3\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00cd\u00cf\u00c9. \u00e6\u00e5\u00e6 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d0\u00ed \u00ed\u00d4\u00df\u00f8\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00cd\u00ca\u00ed\u00c7\u00d8\u00ed\u00f8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00d1\u00c7\u00ca\u00ed\u00cc\u00ed\u00f8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e5\u00e3\u00f8 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c3\u00cc\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00dd\u00c7\u00da \u00da\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00d1\u00d6 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00c5\u00e4\u00d3\u00c7\u00e4.
\u00d3\u00c7\u00cf\u00d3\u00c7\u00f0: \u00cd\u00ca\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00e6\u00e3\u00a1 \u00e1\u00e3 \u00ca\u00cf\u00d1\u00df \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00e1\u00d8\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00d1\u00d5\u00ed\u00cf\u00e5\u00c7 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00ed\u00e6\u00ed\u00f8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e5\u00e3\u00f8\u00a1 \u00e6\u00e3\u00c7\u00d2\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca \u00ca\u00e4\u00ca\u00d9\u00d1 \u00d8\u00e3\u00c3\u00e4\u00c9\u00f0 \u00c8\u00d1\u00ed\u00d8\u00c7\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9\u00f0\u00a1 \u00c3\u00e6 \u00ca\u00c3\u00ed\u00ed\u00cf\u00c7\u00f0 \u00c5\u00d3\u00c8\u00c7\u00e4\u00ed\u00c7\u00f0. \u00e6\u00e3\u00e5\u00e3\u00c7 \u00df\u00c7\u00e4 \u00ca\u00de\u00cf\u00ed\u00d1\u00e4\u00c7 \u00e1\u00c3\u00e5\u00e3\u00ed\u00c9 \u00df\u00d3\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d5\u00cf\u00c7\u00de\u00c7\u00ca\u00a1 \u00e6\u00ca\u00cd\u00ed\u00ed\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00c7\u00e6\u00c7\u00ca\u00a1 \u00dd\u00ed \u00e3\u00da\u00d1\u00df\u00c9 \u00d4\u00d1\u00d3\u00c9 \u00e3\u00da \u00c5\u00cf\u00c7\u00d1\u00c9 \u00e3\u00ca\u00d8\u00d1\u00dd\u00c9\u00a1 \u00dd\u00c5\u00e4\u00e4\u00c7 \u00e4\u00da\u00ca\u00c8\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00c8\u00e5\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00c7\u00ce\u00e1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e5\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e5\u00e3\u00f8 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00de\u00e6\u00ec. \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00db\u00ed\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00e6\u00e3 \u00cd\u00ed\u00cb \u00e1\u00e3\u00d3\u00e4\u00c7 \u00ca\u00d1\u00c7\u00cc\u00da\u00c7 \u00da\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00da\u00e6\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00ed \u00c3\u00d8\u00e1\u00de\u00ca \u00cd\u00e6\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d1\u00ed\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c7\u00e3\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00c5\u00d5\u00e1\u00c7\u00cd \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00ed\u00c7\u00d3\u00ed.
\u00d3\u00c7\u00c8\u00da\u00c7\u00f0: \u00c5\u00e4 \u00e5\u00d0\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d1\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00e6\u00c7\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9 \u00ca\u00dd\u00d1\u00d6 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00e3\u00ed\u00da\u00a1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d1\u00ca\u00de\u00c7\u00c1 \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00c3\u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00cf\u00d1\u00cc\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d3\u00c4\u00e6\u00e1\u00ed\u00c9\u00a1 \u00e6\u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00c3\u00d1\u00de\u00ec \u00e3\u00d3\u00ca\u00e6\u00ed\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00e1\u00c7\u00de\u00c9 \u00c8\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00c7\u00df\u00e3 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00d8\u00e4. \u00e1\u00d0\u00e1\u00df \u00e1\u00c7 \u00c8\u00cf\u00f8 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00d5\u00da\u00ed\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00ed\u00f8\u00a1 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00ca\u00e6\u00dd\u00ed\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d9\u00d1\u00e6\u00dd \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e6\u00d6\u00e6\u00da\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e1\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00dd\u00da\u00e1\u00ed\u00c9\u00a1 \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00c8\u00c7\u00cf\u00d1\u00c9 \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00ca\u00ce\u00c7\u00d0 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ce\u00d8\u00e6\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00c9:
\u00a0
1 \u2013 \u00c5\u00e1\u00db\u00c7\u00c1 \u00cd\u00c7\u00e1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d8\u00e6\u00c7\u00d1\u00c6.
2- \u00c7\u00e1\u00c5\u00dd\u00d1\u00c7\u00cc \u00da\u00e4 \u00cc\u00e3\u00ed\u00da \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00da\u00ca\u00de\u00e1\u00ed\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00ed\u00c7\u00d3\u00ed\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e6\u00da\u00e6\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00dd\u00ed\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e6\u00c5\u00da\u00c7\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00de\u00e6\u00de \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00cf\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e1\u00e1\u00e3\u00cd\u00d1\u00e6\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e3\u00e4\u00e5\u00c7.
2 – \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00da\u00e6\u00c9 \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00e3\u00d5\u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00c9\u00f2 \u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9\u00f2 \u00d4\u00c7\u00e3\u00e1\u00c9\u00a1 \u00ca\u00e4\u00d8\u00e1\u00de \u00e3\u00e4 \u00cf\u00e3\u00de\u00d1\u00d8\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00d3\u00ca\u00e6\u00d1 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00c3\u00df\u00ed\u00cf \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d1\u00ed\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00d3\u00c7\u00d3\u00ed\u00c9 \u00df\u00de\u00c7\u00da\u00cf\u00c9 \u00e1\u00c8\u00e4\u00c7\u00c1 \u00cc\u00e3\u00e5\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00cf\u00ed\u00e3\u00de\u00d1\u00c7\u00d8\u00ed\u00c9 \u00cd\u00cf\u00ed\u00cb\u00c9\u00a1 \u00e6\u00ca\u00d4\u00df\u00ed\u00e1 \u00cd\u00df\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00e6\u00cd\u00cf\u00c9 \u00e6\u00d8\u00e4\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e1\u00e5\u00d0\u00c7 \u00c7\u00e1\u00db\u00d1\u00d6.
\u00a0
\u00c3\u00e3\u00c7 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00d5\u00da\u00ed\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ed\u00a1 \u00dd\u00c5\u00e4\u00e4\u00c7 \u00e4\u00cf\u00da\u00e6 \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00de\u00ed\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cc\u00c8\u00e5\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00c7\u00d3\u00da\u00c9\u00a1 \u00ca\u00c3\u00df\u00ed\u00cf\u00c7 \u00e1\u00e1\u00e3\u00d3\u00c4\u00e6\u00e1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00de\u00e6\u00e3\u00ed\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00e3\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d4\u00ca\u00d1\u00df \u00c7\u00e1\u00d0\u00ed \u00e1\u00c7 \u00c8\u00cf \u00c3\u00e4 \u00ca\u00ca\u00d1\u00df\u00d2 \u00c3\u00e6\u00e1\u00ed\u00c7\u00ca\u00e5 \u00dd\u00ed \u00e5\u00d0\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d1\u00cd\u00e1\u00c9 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00e4\u00d5\u00d1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00e6\u00e3\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de \u00e6\u00dd\u00e1\u00d3\u00d8\u00ed\u00e4. \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00d5\u00cf\u00ed \u00e1\u00df\u00e1 \u00e3\u00c7 \u00ed\u00d3\u00ca\u00e5\u00cf\u00dd \u00cd\u00c7\u00d6\u00d1 \u00e6\u00e3\u00d3\u00ca\u00de\u00c8\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00c9. \u00df\u00e3\u00c7 \u00e4\u00cf\u00da\u00e6 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00d5\u00da\u00ed\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00e6\u00e1\u00ed\u00f8\u00a1 \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00d6\u00d1\u00e6\u00d1\u00c9 \u00ca\u00e6\u00d8\u00ed\u00cf \u00da\u00e1\u00c7\u00de\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00e6\u00c7\u00d1 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00da\u00c7\u00e6\u00e4 \u00e3\u00da \u00df\u00e1 \u00c3\u00cd\u00d1\u00c7\u00d1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d4\u00c7\u00d1\u00df\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00dd\u00da\u00c7\u00e1\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00da\u00e3\u00e1\u00ed\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00da\u00c8\u00c6\u00c9 \u00e3\u00da \u00df\u00e1\u00f8 \u00de\u00e6\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00c7\u00e1\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9\u00a0 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00c7\u00e5\u00d6\u00c9 \u00e1\u00df\u00c7\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c3\u00d4\u00df\u00c7\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e5\u00ed\u00e3\u00e4\u00c9 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00e6\u00c7\u00e4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
\u00a0
17 \u00e4\u00ed\u00d3\u00c7\u00e4 \/ \u00c5\u00c8\u00d1\u00ed\u00e1 2003
\u00a0
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<\/font>\u00a0<\/div>\n
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
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<\/p>\n
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<\/div>\n
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\u00e6\u00de\u00cf \u00ce\u00d4\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00df\u00cb\u00ed\u00d1\u00e6\u00e4 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c3\u00e4 \u00ca\u00ca\u00de\u00cf\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00de\u00e6\u00c7\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00d2\u00cd\u00dd\u00e5\u00c7 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00e6\u00e1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00cc\u00c7\u00e6\u00d1\u00c9 \u00e1\u00c7\u00df\u00ca\u00d3\u00c7\u00cd\u00e5\u00c7, \u00e6\u00ce\u00c7\u00dd \u00c7\u00e1\u00df\u00cb\u00ed\u00d1\u00e6\u00e4 \u00c3\u00e4 \u00ca\u00df\u00e6\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00e5\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9 \u00e1\u00e1\u00db\u00d2\u00e6 \u00de\u00cf \u00c7\u00e4\u00dd\u00ca\u00cd\u00ca \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00df\u00c7\u00e3\u00e1.
\u00a0
\u00dd\u00c7\u00e1\u00de\u00ed\u00c7\u00cf\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de\u00ed\u00c9 \u00da\u00e4\u00cf\u00e3\u00c7 \u00c7\u00df\u00ca\u00d3\u00cd\u00ca \u00c7\u00e1\u00df\u00e6\u00ed\u00ca \u00dd\u00ed 1990 \u00d1\u00dd\u00d6\u00ca \u00c3\u00e4 \u00ca\u00ce\u00d1\u00cc \u00e3\u00e4\u00e5\u00c7 \u00c5\u00e1\u00c7 \u00c8\u00da\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00e5\u00d2\u00ed\u00e3\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00ed \u00c7\u00e4\u00ca\u00e5\u00ca \u00c8\u00dd\u00d1\u00d6 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00d3\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3 \u00ca\u00cd\u00ca \u00ce\u00ed\u00e3\u00c9 \u00dd\u00ed \u00d5\u00dd\u00e6\u00c7\u00e4 \u00dd\u00ed 30 \u00e3\u00c7\u00d1\u00d3 1991. \u00e6\u00df\u00c7\u00e4 \u00ed\u00e3\u00df\u00e4 \u00ca\u00cc\u00e4\u00c8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cd\u00d1\u00c8 \u00e5\u00d0\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d1\u00c9 \u00c3\u00ed\u00d6\u00c7 \u00e1\u00e6 \u00de\u00c8\u00e1 \u00d1\u00c3\u00d3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e4\u00d9\u00c7\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c7\u00de\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00db\u00c7\u00cf\u00d1\u00c9 \u00e6\u00e1\u00e3 \u00ed\u00ca\u00da\u00e4\u00ca \u00cf\u00e6\u00e4 \u00c3\u00e4 \u00ed\u00df\u00e6\u00e4 \u00d0\u00e1\u00df \u00d3\u00c8\u00c8\u00c7 \u00df\u00c7\u00dd\u00ed\u00c7 \u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00da \u00c7\u00cd\u00ca\u00e1\u00c7\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c8\u00e1\u00c7\u00cf.
\u00a0
\u00e6\u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00de\u00c7\u00c8\u00e1 \u00dd\u00c5\u00e4 \u00d3\u00e6\u00d1\u00ed\u00c7 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ca\u00ed \u00e5\u00cf\u00cf\u00ca\u00e5\u00c7 \u00ca\u00d1\u00df\u00ed\u00c7 \u00c8\u00d5\u00dd\u00c9 \u00cc\u00cf\u00ed\u00c9 (\u00ca\u00d1\u00df\u00ed\u00c7 \u00e6\u00e1\u00ed\u00d3 \u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00c7) \u00c8\u00e3\u00e4\u00c7\u00d3\u00c8\u00c9 \u00e6\u00cc\u00e6\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00d2\u00da\u00ed\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00df\u00d1\u00cf\u00ed \u00c3\u00e6\u00cc\u00e1\u00c7\u00e4 \u00e1\u00cf\u00ed\u00e5\u00c7 \u00d3\u00c7\u00d1\u00da\u00ca \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00d8\u00d1\u00cf\u00e5 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c8\u00e1\u00c7\u00cf \u00e3\u00cf\u00d1\u00df\u00c9 \u00c3\u00e4\u00e5 \u00e1\u00c7 \u00ed\u00e4\u00c8\u00db\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00ce\u00e1\u00d8 \u00c3\u00e6 \u00c5\u00de\u00c7\u00e3\u00c9 \u00da\u00cf\u00c7\u00e6\u00c9 \u00db\u00ed\u00d1 \u00e3\u00c8\u00d1\u00d1\u00c9 \u00e3\u00da \u00c3\u00e4\u00de\u00d1\u00c9.
\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00e5\u00e1 \u00ca\u00e4\u00cc\u00cd \u00e5\u00d0\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ce\u00d8\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c3\u00e3\u00d1\u00ed\u00df\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c8\u00e3\u00cc\u00d1\u00cf \u00c7\u00d3\u00ca\u00da\u00e3\u00c7\u00e1 \u00e6\u00d3\u00c7\u00c6\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d6\u00db\u00d8 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d3\u00ed\u00c7\u00d3\u00ed \u00e6\u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00de\u00ca\u00d5\u00c7\u00cf\u00ed\u00bf
\u00e1\u00e1\u00c3\u00d3\u00dd \u00df\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00cf\u00e1\u00c7\u00c6\u00e1 \u00ca\u00d4\u00ed\u00d1 \u00c5\u00e1\u00ec \u00c3\u00e4\u00e5\u00c7 \u00d3\u00ca\u00e4\u00cc\u00cd<\/font>
\u00a0
(\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d5\u00cf\u00d1: \u00d5\u00cd\u00ed\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00d1\u00de \u00c7\u00e1\u00de\u00d8\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d5\u00c7\u00cf\u00d1\u00c9 \u00ed\u00e6\u00e3 22 \u00c3\u00dd\u00d1\u00ed\u00e1 2003)<\/font><\/strong><\/font> <\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
Une nouvelle destruction du patrimoine de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 en Irak<\/font><\/strong>
<\/p>\n
Douleur, rage et r\u00e9volte<\/font><\/h5>\n
<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Le choc est grand. A la mesure de la catastrophe. Le mus\u00e9e des antiquit\u00e9s orientales de Bagdad n\u2019est plus. La Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de l\u2019Irak n\u2019est plus. Les Archives nationales de Bagdad ne sont plus. Le tr\u00e9sor des manuscrits coraniques d\u2019al-awqaf n\u2019est plus. Les archives minist\u00e9rielles ne sont plus. Etc.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Notre douleur est grande. Notre \u00e9motion aussi. Perte inestimable. Perte irrempla\u00e7able.
Ce sont nos a\u00efeuls \u00e0 nous arabes et musulmans qui meurent pour ainsi dire une seconde fois. Ce sont aussi nos a\u00efeux de l\u2019antiquit\u00e9, ceux qui ont forg\u00e9 nos institutions et notre civilisation humaine qui disparaissent avec la disparition de leurs \u00e9crits, de leurs \u0153uvres, de leurs traces.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Si l\u2019_expression de \u00ab crime contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9 \u00bb a un sens, c\u2019est bien \u00e0 ces pertes colossales qu\u2019elle devrait s\u2019appliquer en priorit\u00e9. Car la perte de la m\u00e9moire est plus grave que la perte corporelle. La m\u00e9moire donne sens \u00e0 la vie, elle structure la vie, comme l\u2019ADN structure l\u2019organisme humain. Des milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es d\u2019histoire sont gravement atteintes. De pans de l\u2019histoire de la culture arabo-musulmane qui disparaissent aussi dans cette folie de la barbarie am\u00e9ricaine.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La stupidit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine a cru se venger du monde arabe. Elle a cru s\u2019en prendre \u00e0 quelque chose qui soit propre aux Arabes ou aux Musulmans. Dans son inculture, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique a ignor\u00e9 que la culture est universelle, que s\u2019en prendre \u00e0 n\u2019importe quelle culture pour l\u2019exterminer, c\u2019est exterminer l\u2019humanit\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Ils ont cru s\u2019en prendre \u00e0 la culture de l\u2019autre, et c\u2019est aux fondements de leur propre culture qu\u2019ils se sont attaqu\u00e9s. La destruction du Mus\u00e9e de Bagdad, c\u2019est la destruction des traces de ce v\u00e9ritable berceau non seulement de notre civilisation humaine, mais aussi le berceau de nos religions monoth\u00e9istes n\u00e9es dans ces contr\u00e9es du Croissant fertile, et de qui elles tiennent leurs propres fondements. Le crime des Am\u00e9ricains est aussi un crime contre le juda\u00efsme, le christianisme et l\u2019islam.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ces cow-boys ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 annonc\u00e9 la couleur lors du premier acte fondateur de leur identit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine : ils ont men\u00e9 une guerre d\u2019extermination contre les indiens et contre leur culture. Depuis, c\u2019est devenu une sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9, une marque de la maison. Quand ils sont all\u00e9s soi-disant \u00ab lib\u00e9rer \u00bb l\u2019Europe, ils l\u2019ont lib\u00e9r\u00e9 aussi de sa culture en d\u00e9truisant syst\u00e9matiquement les villes, leurs monuments, leurs cath\u00e9drales, leurs richesses culturelles, dans l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019imposer leur inculture coca-disnaylandaise.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cette incivilisation am\u00e9ricaine va sans doute dispara\u00eetre, comme a disparu l\u2019incivilisation hitl\u00e9rienne : elle s\u2019autod\u00e9truira par les armes m\u00eames de sa barbarie.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quand on se demandera dans quelques g\u00e9n\u00e9rations qui \u00e9taient les Am\u00e9ricains, on r\u00e9pondra : \u00e9videmment, ce sont ceux qui ont d\u00e9truit en 2003 les mus\u00e9es et les biblioth\u00e8ques de l\u2019Irak ! De la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que les Tatares, leurs devanciers de quelques sept si\u00e8cles et demi, ne nous sont connus aujourd\u2019hui que par leur destruction en 1258 de la grande biblioth\u00e8que de Bagdad.
\u00a0
Mondher Sfar<\/font><\/strong>
\u00a0
Paris, le 20 avril 2003
\u00a0msfar@wanadoo.fr<\/div>\n
<\/font><\/div>\n
<\/font><\/p>\n
<\/strong>\u00a0<\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
Echec du Monde Arabo-Islamique<\/font><\/h5>\n
<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/font>\u00a0<\/p>\n
Par<\/font>\u00a0 Neila<\/font> Charchou<\/font>r Hachicha<\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
<\/strong><\/span><\/font>\u00a0<\/p>\n
Demain sera un nouveau jour<\/strong><\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/o:p><\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
L\u2019histoire nous apprend que rien n\u2019est acquis et que tout \u00e9volue. Toute guerre finit par prendre fin et toute paix, par un processus \u00e9volutif ou r\u00e9volutif, fini par cr\u00e9er des conflits d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats pour mener \u00e0 une nouvelle guerre. Apr\u00e8s chaque guerre une nouvelle page de l\u2019histoire s\u2019ouvre, porteuse de nouveaux espoirs qu\u2019il serait judicieux de saisir. Il convient donc de d\u00e9dramatiser les faits et de les remettre dans leur contexte pour sortir du cadre \u00e9motionnel et \u00e9voluer dans un cadre rationnel.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Pla\u00e7ons les \u00e9v\u00e8nements dans leur contexte historique<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/h6>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Quoi qu\u2019on en dise, la guerre contre l\u2019Irak, comme toutes les guerres que le monde a v\u00e9cues, fera partie de l\u2019Histoire de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 dans son ensemble. Une Histoire ponctu\u00e9e par les \u00e9checs des uns et les victoires des autres, qui ont fait que le monde est tel que nous le vivons sous ses pires et ses meilleurs aspects.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
L\u2019Histoire nous apprend aussi qu\u2019apr\u00e8s chaque guerre, un nouvel ordre s\u2019installe \u00e9tablissant de nouveaux rep\u00e8res. C\u2019est toujours les vainqueurs qui red\u00e9finissent les nouveaux r\u00f4les des forces actives pour cr\u00e9er un nouvel \u00e9quilibre qui soit \u00e0 leur avantage afin de faire \u00e9voluer le reste du monde selon leur vision.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
M\u00eame si des r\u00e9sistances subsistent, elles sont plus ou moins rapidement marginalis\u00e9es, du fait que la plus grande majorit\u00e9 des humains pr\u00e9f\u00e8re toujours s\u2019adapter \u00e0 un processus de paix et de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9, plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 un processus de guerre et d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019apr\u00e8s la deuxi\u00e8me guerre mondiale, le nouvel ordre mondial qui s\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e9tablit, avait d\u00e9fini le principe \u00ab\u00a0d\u2019\u00e9tat nation\u00a0\u00bb et d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019accorder leur ind\u00e9pendance aux nations arabes, ce qui avait permis l\u2019implantation de l\u2019Etat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
L\u2019URSS et les Etats Unis, capables de se neutraliser militairement, s\u2019\u00e9taient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque partag\u00e9s le parrainage des nations arabes. L\u2019Angleterre avait r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 y implanter l\u2019Etat isra\u00e9lien. L\u2019Europe, n\u2019avait qu\u2019\u00e0 prendre le temps de se reconstruire et faire oublier ses bavures historiques contre les juifs.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Mais les dirigeants arabes ont t\u00f4t fait de rejeter l\u2019Etat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl qui repr\u00e9sentait une contrainte d\u2019\u00e9volution contraire \u00e0 leur vision, mais surtout une emb\u00fbche pour leur union. Forts de leur nouveau statut d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, de leur nombre et des \u00ab\u00a0p\u00e9trodollars\u00a0\u00bb, ils voulaient reconstruire \u00e0 leur mani\u00e8re leur propre \u00ab\u00a0histoire\u00a0\u00bb. Seulement, la notion de nationalisme arabe a pris naissance sans jamais pouvoir prendre forme. Elle a fini par enfanter la notion de nationalisme islamique qui n\u2019a cess\u00e9 de se radicaliser jusqu\u2019aux \u00e9v\u00e8nements du 11 Septembre 2001.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Comment aurait-il pu en \u00eatre autrement\u00a0!!<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
L\u2019Etat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9fini par la communaut\u00e9 internationale au m\u00eame titre que chacun des \u00e9tats arabes. Il a su, malgr\u00e9 son identit\u00e9 purement religieuse, \u00e9tablir un Etat d\u00e9mocratique moderne, comme l\u2019imposait le contexte, lui permettant de s\u2019int\u00e9grer \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 internationale et d\u2019obtenir sa reconnaissance et son appui.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Alors que c\u2019est les Palestiniens eux-m\u00eame, qui par leurs refus constants de tout processus de paix, ont non seulement perdu plus de la moiti\u00e9 des terres qui leur avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 allou\u00e9es, mais de plus, ils ont entra\u00een\u00e9 tout le monde arabe dans un tourbillon de gu\u00e9rillas et de violences totalement contre-productives.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Dans tout ce tourbillon de non-sens, nous avons m\u00eame v\u00e9cu l\u2019envahissement du Koweit par l\u2019Irak, applaudi par les Palestiniens et provoquant une nouvelle guerre. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Plus grave encore nous avons aussi v\u00e9cu l\u2019occupation du Liban par la Syrie. M\u00eame si cette occupation est habill\u00e9e de l\u00e9galit\u00e9, il n\u2019en reste pas moins que le Liban a perdu sa souverainet\u00e9 territoriale au nom de la lutte contre le sionisme, \u00e9rig\u00e9 en ennemi de l\u2019Islam.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Le constat aujourd\u2019hui<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/h6>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Aujourd\u2019hui, la victoire militaire am\u00e9ricaine \u00e9tant acquise, la guerre de l\u2019Irak s\u2019inscrit exactement dans la m\u00eame logique que toutes les autres guerres. La d\u00e9cision de guerre a soulev\u00e9 un toll\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Par contre, aujourd\u2019hui, la reconstruction de l\u2019Irak fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u2019objet de convoitises de tous ceux qui cherchent \u00e0 se repositionner dans ce nouvel ordre mondial. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
En t\u00eate de file nous trouvons l\u2019Europe, qui pour avoir favoris\u00e9 son union \u00e9conomique par rapport \u00e0 son union politique et militaire, s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9e incapable de bloquer ce processus de guerre. Seulement l\u2019Europe sait reconna\u00eetre ses int\u00e9r\u00eats et p\u00e8se suffisamment sur le plan \u00e9conomique mondial pour pouvoir se repositionner honorablement avec l\u2019appui de l\u2019Espagne et de l\u2019Angleterre.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Quant \u00e0 la nation arabe, elle est dans une impasse totale. Le constat est que le nationalisme arabe ainsi que le fanatisme religieux qu\u2019il a engendr\u00e9, sont admis comme \u00e9tant les piliers du nouveau terrorisme international. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019Irak, plusieurs pays arabo-musulman sont aujourd\u2019hui dans la ligne de mire de l\u2019administration am\u00e9ricaine.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Leur opposition au syst\u00e8me mondial a atteint ses limites et \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019imposer. Malgr\u00e9 leur puissance financi\u00e8re, bon gr\u00e9 mal gr\u00e9, le monde arabo-islamique s\u2019adaptera \u00e0 la vision des vainqueurs. Toute forme de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019hyper puissance sera vou\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chec, comme le d\u00e9montre si bien l\u2019\u00e9chec total de la r\u00e9sistance irako-palestino-arabo-islamique. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Pourquoi le nationalisme arabo-musulman a-t-il \u00e9chou\u00e9\u00a0?<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/h6>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Toute alliance qui se veut constructive doit avoir un objectif commun. En d\u2019autres termes\u00a0: c\u2019est l\u2019objectif qui d\u00e9finit les alliances et non les alliances qui d\u00e9finissent l\u2019objectif. Aucun dirigeant ne peut imposer ses objectifs aux autres, par contre le m\u00eame objectif peut unir plusieurs dirigeants. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Or, l\u2019alliance des dirigeants arabes s\u2019est d\u00e9finie par une histoire, une langue et une religion autour d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats personnels et p\u00e9troliers. Aucun de ces crit\u00e8res n\u2019est un objectif mais des faits constants qui ne peuvent \u00e9voluer. Chacun des dirigeants arabo-musulman ayant ses propres objectifs, rien de constructif n\u2019est sorti de cette alliance. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Bien plus, cette alliance s\u2019est vue carr\u00e9ment handicap\u00e9e par la cause palestinienne. Celle-ci est venue se placer en objectif, alors qu\u2019elle n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, que l\u2019instrument des dirigeants arabes. Par leur alliance, ils avaient enfin le moyen de s\u2019opposer \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 internationale en conditionnant toute \u00e9volution et toute r\u00e9forme par la r\u00e9solution de l\u2019insoluble probl\u00e8me palestinien, \u00e9rig\u00e9 en probl\u00e8me arabo-musulman.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Cette lutte irrationnelle et in\u00e9gale, a provoqu\u00e9 la naissance de plusieurs mouvements islamistes qui ont puis\u00e9 leur l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 dans les croyances religieuses, pour \u00eatre en mesure de mobiliser les masses populaires arabes, face au sionisme, au d\u00e9pend de leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats et de leurs identit\u00e9s nationales. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Le nationalisme arabe qui s\u2019est pr\u00e9tendu moderne et avant-gardiste, ne s\u2019est jamais donn\u00e9 les moyens r\u00e9els de ses ambitions, et n\u2019a donc engendr\u00e9 que de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme religieux r\u00e9trograde. Il se voit aujourd\u2019hui, englouti dans son propre pi\u00e8ge. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Les mouvements islamistes qui sont qualifi\u00e9s, aujourd\u2019hui, de mouvements terroristes, seront d\u00e9mantel\u00e9s un \u00e0 un, au grand bonheur de l\u2019Islam et des musulmans.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Par tant d\u2019instrumentalisation et tant d\u2019amalgames sciemment entretenus, la chute de l\u2019Irak a d\u00e9\u00e7u les peuples arabo-musulman qui ont prix conscience de l\u2019ampleur de leur d\u00e9sunion et perdu toute confiance en leurs dirigeants, les assimilants tous \u00e0 Saddam Hussein, qui a incarn\u00e9 au plus haut degr\u00e9 le nationalisme arabo-islamique.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, a travers la reconstruction de l\u2019Irak, c\u2019est la reconstruction de tout le monde arabe qui est vis\u00e9e. Ou bien, nous le faisons par nous-m\u00eame pour nous harmoniser enfin avec la communaut\u00e9 internationale, ou alors, \u00e7a se fera malgr\u00e9 nous d\u2019une mani\u00e8re ou d\u2019une autre.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Comment reconstruire ?<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Aujourd\u2019hui, apr\u00e8s la chute forc\u00e9e de la dictature en Irak, il faut comprendre que toute r\u00e9forme et toute \u00e9volution qui ne se concr\u00e9tise pas pacifiquement avec la participation de toutes les parties actives, fini par entra\u00eener des bouleversements brutaux internes ou externes, qu\u2019il serait criminel et inhumain de provoquer.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Continuer d\u2019accepter que les dirigeants se contentent de nous raconter la \u00ab\u00a0Tunisie de demain\u00a0\u00bb ou d\u2019appeler aux r\u00e9formes de \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019Arabie du jour d’apr\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb, rel\u00e8ve d\u2019un aveuglement citoyen dangereux. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Il s\u2019agit d\u2019entamer \u00ab\u00a0aujourd\u2019hui\u00a0\u00bb les r\u00e9formes n\u00e9cessaires dans chaque pays arabe, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 \u00e9tablir au plus vite les rouages d\u00e9mocratiques qui garantissent des Etats de droit o\u00f9 la libre _expression permet le d\u00e9bat public pour favoriser l\u2019\u00e9veil politique citoyen et assurer l\u2019alternance au pouvoir. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Chaque citoyen de son cot\u00e9, se doit aujourd\u2019hui de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir et de d\u00e9finir ses affinit\u00e9s politiques pour s\u2019engager dans le camp de son choix et le rendre repr\u00e9sentatif d\u2019un objectif clair.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Nous devons en finir avec le statut de \u00ab\u00a0dirigeants arabes\u00a0immuables\u00a0\u00bb guidant des peuples ind\u00e9finiment dirig\u00e9s, pour acqu\u00e9rir des gouvernements arabes \u00ab\u00a0l\u00e9gitimement et d\u00e9mocratiquement\u00a0\u00bb reconnus par leurs peuples.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
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Le mot d\u2019ordre aujourd\u2019hui\u00a0c\u2019est : l\u2019engagement patriotique citoyen<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h6>\n<\/h6>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Seule la bonne gouvernance que l\u2019on acquiert par la libre pratique d\u00e9mocratique est garante de l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme vers la mod\u00e9ration et la modernit\u00e9. Car il s\u2019agit d\u2019\u0153uvrer pour les droits humains et non pour les croyances humaines.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Il demeure n\u00e9cessaire de marteler que lorsque nous parlons de pratiques d\u00e9mocratiques, celles-ci valent pour \u00ab\u00a0Tous\u00a0\u00bb. La d\u00e9mocratie n\u2019est pas l\u2019apanage d\u2019un groupe par rapport \u00e0 un autre.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Aussi, il est exclu d\u2019entretenir l\u2019amalgame\u00a0: D\u00e9mocratie = Alternance au pouvoir. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Il s\u2019agit d\u2019abord et avant tout d\u2019entreprendre les r\u00e9formes juridiques et constitutionnelles, qui assurent et garantissent une alternance. Tout syst\u00e8me ayant une exclusivit\u00e9 de pouvoir ne peut devenir que dictatorial \u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 il n\u2019a aucun contre poids capable d\u2019\u00e9quilibrer son pouvoir. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
La guerre de l\u2019Irak, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale, illustre parfaitement bien ce principe. Depuis la chute de l\u2019URSS, les Etats Unis se sont retrouv\u00e9s sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale, les seuls \u00e0 d\u00e9tenir un pouvoir militaire absolu. Malgr\u00e9 leur syst\u00e8me interne fond\u00e9 sur les principes d\u00e9mocratiques, ils n\u2019ont pas h\u00e9sit\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir unilat\u00e9ralistes \u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 il n\u2019existait aucun contre poids capable d\u2019\u00e9quilibrer leur force. N\u2019e\u00fbt \u00e9t\u00e9 la d\u00e9sunion europ\u00e9enne et la d\u00e9sunion arabe, cette guerre n\u2019aurait pas eu lieu.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Une fois les gouvernements arabes reconstruis sur de nouvelles bases d\u00e9mocratiques, des alliances, et m\u00eame des unions, bas\u00e9es sur des objectifs communs, pourront s\u2019\u00e9tablir entre diff\u00e9rents gouvernements. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Des alliances offrant \u00e0 leurs peuples, un statut de partenaires d\u00e9termin\u00e9s \u00e0 b\u00e2tir en harmonie avec les autres peuples, sans discrimination aucune, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 s\u2019int\u00e9grer \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 internationale et r\u00e9duire les risques de guerre. En effet, toute discrimination brisera tout processus constructif et ne pourra \u00e9voluer que vers la violence.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/h6>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Enfin, et pour conclure, il est utile de souligner que la victoire am\u00e9ricaine a \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement motiv\u00e9e par deux \u00e9checs.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Le premier \u00e9chec fut la faillite du syst\u00e8me s\u00e9curitaire am\u00e9ricain lors des \u00e9v\u00e8nements du 11 septembre 2001. Qui que soient les concepteurs et les commanditaires de ces actes terroristes, le syst\u00e8me am\u00e9ricain a \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 les pr\u00e9voir mais surtout \u00e0 les \u00e9viter. <\/span>Quant aux ex\u00e9cutants de ces actes, il semble \u00e9tablis et admis que se soient des\u00a0islamistes en majorit\u00e9 saoudiens.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Le second \u00e9chec fut que l\u2019administration am\u00e9ricaine n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure de convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 ni de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de cette guerre.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Malgr\u00e9 le manque de soutien, les Am\u00e9ricains face \u00e0 leurs \u00e9checs, ont fait preuve de courage et de d\u00e9termination qu\u2019ils ont pay\u00e9e tr\u00e8s cher financi\u00e8rement et politiquement. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Ce sera avec le m\u00eame courage et la m\u00eame d\u00e9termination qu\u2019ils s\u2019imposeront de tenir leurs engagements en Irak et dans la r\u00e9gion, d\u2019abord pour renforcer leur propre s\u00e9curit\u00e9, ensuite pour sauvegarder leur cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9, mais surtout pour que leur victoire soit compl\u00e8te au regard du monde qui les a reni\u00e9s.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
Tirons, nous aussi les bonnes le\u00e7ons de nos \u00e9checs et construisons l\u2019avenir de mani\u00e8re cr\u00e9dible et \u00e9volutive pour ne jamais plus nous retrouver dans la position de spectateurs impuissants. Apprenons \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre nos propres int\u00e9r\u00eats. Apprenons \u00e0 diff\u00e9rencier entre nos fr\u00e8res, nos amis et nos alli\u00e9s. <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
<\/font>\u00a0<\/p>\n
Neila<\/font> Charchou<\/font>r Hachicha<\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/h6>\n
22 Avril 2003<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/h6>\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
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\u00a0 <\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
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<\/font>(*) \u00df\u00c7\u00ca\u00c8 \u00e6\u00c8\u00c7\u00cd\u00cb \u00d3\u00e6\u00cf\u00c7\u00e4\u00ed \u00e3\u00de\u00ed\u00e3 \u00dd\u00ed \u00e1\u00e4\u00cf\u00e4
<\/font>\u00a0
<\/font><\/font>(\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d5\u00cf\u00d1: \u00d5\u00cd\u00ed\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00de\u00cf\u00d3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ed \u00c7\u00e1\u00d5\u00c7\u00cf\u00d1\u00c9 \u00ed\u00e6\u00e3 22 \u00c3\u00dd\u00d1\u00ed\u00e1 2003)
<\/font>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/font><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/strong>\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n
\n
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<\/font><\/div>\n
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(2)
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(3)
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(4)
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\u00de\u00cf\u00ed\u00e3\u00c7 \u00c7\u00d1\u00d3\u00e1 \u00c7\u00cd\u00cf \u00c7\u00e1\u00e6\u00e1\u00c7\u00c9 \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00ed\u00e3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ec \u00ce\u00e1\u00ed\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d3\u00e1\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4 \u00da\u00e3\u00d1 \u00c8\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d2\u00ed\u00d2 \u00ed\u00d3\u00ca\u00c3\u00d0\u00e4\u00e5 \u00dd\u00ec \u00cc\u00c8\u00c7\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c8\u00da\u00d6 \u00c7\u00e1\u00c7\u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00e1 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d3\u00e1\u00e3\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e1\u00ca\u00cd\u00d5\u00ed\u00e4 \u00e3\u00cf\u00ed\u00e4\u00ca\u00e5 \u00e6\u00ca\u00da\u00d2\u00ed\u00d2 \u00c7\u00d3\u00e6\u00c7\u00d1\u00e5\u00c7 \u00dd\u00ec \u00e3\u00e6\u00c7\u00cc\u00e5\u00c9 \u00e3\u00c7 \u00de\u00cf \u00ca\u00ca\u00da\u00d1\u00d6 \u00e1\u00e5 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00ca\u00e5\u00cf\u00ed\u00cf\u00a1 \u00dd\u00d1\u00cf \u00da\u00e1\u00ed\u00e5 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ce\u00e1\u00ed\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c8\u00d1\u00d3\u00c7\u00e1\u00c9 \u00e3\u00e4 \u00cb\u00e1\u00c7\u00cb \u00df\u00e1\u00e3\u00c7\u00ca \u00de\u00c7\u00e1 \u00dd\u00ed\u00e5\u00c7 : \u00cd\u00d5\u00e4 \u00cf\u00ed\u00c7\u00d1\u00df \u00c8\u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00cf\u00e1.
\u00c7\u00e1\u00c7 \u00ca\u00d3\u00ca\u00cd\u00de \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c8\u00c7\u00d1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e4 \u00e4\u00df\u00ca\u00c8\u00e5\u00c7 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00e1\u00c7\u00dd\u00ca\u00c9 \u00df\u00c8\u00ed\u00d1\u00c9 \u00ca\u00e3\u00ca\u00cf \u00c8\u00d8\u00e6\u00e1 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00da\u00d1\u00c8\u00ec \u00e6\u00da\u00d1\u00d6\u00e5\u00a1 \u00e6\u00c7\u00e4 \u00e4\u00cd\u00e6\u00e1\u00e5\u00c7 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ec \u00e4\u00c8\u00d1\u00c7\u00d3 \u00e1\u00e1\u00d5\u00e3\u00e6\u00cf\u00a1 \u00e6\u00e4\u00cd\u00e4 \u00e3\u00de\u00c8\u00e1\u00e6\u00e4 \u00da\u00e1\u00ec \u00df\u00e1 \u00c7\u00d3\u00e3\u00e6\u00e5 \u00c8\u00e3\u00d1\u00cd\u00e1\u00c9 \u00c7\u00da\u00c7\u00cf\u00c9 \u00d1\u00d3\u00e3 \u00c7\u00e1\u00ce\u00d1\u00c7\u00c6\u00d8 \u00dd\u00ec \u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00e4\u00d8\u00de\u00c9\u00bf
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(\u00c7\u00e1\u00e3\u00d5\u00cf\u00d1: \u00d5\u00cd\u00ed\u00dd\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d4\u00d1\u00de \u00c7\u00e1\u00de\u00d8\u00d1\u00ed\u00c9 \u00c7\u00e1\u00d5\u00c7\u00cf\u00d1\u00c9 \u00ed\u00e6\u00e3 22 \u00c3\u00dd\u00d1\u00ed\u00e1 2003)<\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Iraq<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> war challenges sclerotic Arab state TV<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/h6>\n<\/h6>\n
\u00a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>By Caroline Drees<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Reuters, le 22.04.2003 \u00e0 03h03<\/font><\/span><\/h6>\n
<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>CAIRO<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:city>, April 22 (Reuters) – The morning the war against <\/span>Iraq<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> began, satellite TV stations beamed live footage across the globe while Egyptian state-run television ran a lengthy medical programme on heartburn.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>The audience voted by remote control.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Viewers throughout the Arab world ignored official stations and turned instead to the real-time coverage by Arab satellite channels, which were giving Western media a run for their money with graphic, fast-paced news on the war.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Official television stations quickly took note, revamping style and content amid fears of losing local viewers — and with them a valuable government tool to steer public opinion.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0With bombs falling on <\/span>Baghdad<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:city>, state TV stations could hardly continue to lead on news of the opening of a new sewage treatment plant,\u00a0\u00bb said one Western diplomat in the region.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>From North African republics like Tunisia to Gulf monarchies like Saudi Arabia, many Arab states turned the focus of their state TV from the usual diet of government meetings, development projects, social affairs and religious programmes to unusually dynamic coverage of the war — albeit with an official spin.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>A European diplomat in <\/span>Cairo<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:city> said sclerotic state channels had no choice but to change and enhance the international focus.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Faced with satellite competition, state TV could no longer get away with primitively regurgitating official announcements,\u00a0\u00bb he said. \u00ab\u00a0But there’s also the danger of losing a valuable propaganda instrument if they don’t handle this shift well.\u00a0\u00bb<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Despite the reforms, analysts caution against expecting a genuine reform of Arab TV any time soon, as long as rulers — all with limited democratic credentials — rely on their media to bolster their legitimacy and help keep citizens in check.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>CONSCIOUS EFFORT TO ADAPT<\/font><\/font><\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Hala Hashish, the president of Egypt’s state-owned Nile TV International which runs terrestrial and satellite channels, said state TV had consciously tried to make programming more diverse and competitive to win back market share from leading satellite channels like Al Jazeera, Abu Dhabi TV and Al Arabiya.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0People don’t only want to see one aspect of the news,\u00a0\u00bb she said. \u00ab\u00a0So we wanted to give viewers everything on Egyptian TV that was being shown all over the world and on satellite channels, so they won’t need to go anywhere else.\u00a0\u00bb<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>While ultimately state control is provided by the security forces, analysts say Arab states — from conservative Muslim monarchies in the Gulf to more secular republics in the <\/span>Levant<\/span><\/st1:place> and <\/span>North Africa<\/span><\/st1:place> — have long sought to influence popular opinion through the media, increasingly through television.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>They say the fight for viewers during the <\/span>Iraq<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> conflict highlighted official efforts to retain that influence. Some analysts say the ability to reform state media will be a touchstone for the state’s chances of steering public opinion.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0It’s a more delicate, sophisticated game than it was before,\u00a0\u00bb said Hussein Amin, chairman of the Adham Centre for Television Journalism at the <\/span>American<\/span><\/st1:placename> <\/span>University<\/span><\/st1:placetype><\/st1:place> in <\/span>Cairo<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:city>.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0The more media outlets to choose from, the more difficult it is to form a very strong public opinion,\u00a0\u00bb he said.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>But analysts and viewers say state-run televisions will find it hard to tone down official rhetoric and exert government influence in the more subtle manner which would be required if programming became more sophisticated and open.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0I don’t think local television can be improved to the extent that it becomes truly interesting for viewers yet still manages to manipulate them,\u00a0\u00bb a European diplomat said. \u00ab\u00a0People know full well when the state is trying to bamboozle them.\u00a0\u00bb<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>CONTRAST STARK<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>While some channels had already introduced changes in the run-up to the war, the shift since the start of the U.S.-led military campaign has been most stark.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>In countries as diverse at <\/span>Tunisia<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, <\/span>Egypt<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, <\/span>Syria<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and <\/span>Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, state-run television stations emulated satellite competitors by relegating routine domestic events to second place and focusing on the war instead.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>For the first time, local channels emphasised more real-time coverage of breaking news, including live <\/span>Iraq<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> footage, news scrolls at the bottom of screens and talk shows with analysts.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Many states — with the notable exception of <\/span>Syria<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> — even showed the highly symbolic toppling of a huge statue of President Saddam Hussein live, despite fears the <\/span>Iraq<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> war could be the start of greater U.S.-induced changes in the region.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>In <\/span>Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, the prime target for satellite channels, state TV launched a revamp to lure back viewers with nightly talk shows, live coverage of major events in <\/span>Iraq<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and a new all-sports channel for viewers tired of watching the war.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Advertising industry research suggests official Saudi TV has lost half its audience over the past year, leaving only about a quarter of the viewing public tuning in.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>In <\/span>Egypt<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, the region’s most populous country with almost 70 million people, state TV featured regular <\/span>Iraq<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> updates, frequent interviews, and correspondents reporting from <\/span>Baghdad<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:city>.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>In <\/span>Tunisia<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, viewers said the war coverage was a clear departure from the times when TV ignored controversial political events, such as anti-U.S. protests in the run-up to the war.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>LONG WAY TO GO<\/font><\/font><\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Nile TV International’s Hashish says authorities were keen to ensure that the new style of programming was here to stay.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>But analysts, viewers and even some Arab officials say state-run television has a long way to go. Some argue that the media cannot change fundamentally as long as governments lack a\u00a0 <\/span>popular mandate and have reason to fear a free press.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Despite the improved programming, most state-run Arab stations still devote a disproportionate amount of air time to meetings by top officials, protocol items and religious affairs.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>In <\/span>Egypt<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>, news about President Hosni Mubarak still dominates coverage, while most of Saudi programming focuses on the royal family and the minutiae of Islam. One recent show, for example, discussed at length the meaning of flatulence during prayer.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0There is no commitment (by the government decision-makers) to the process of changing the media atmosphere,\u00a0\u00bb said Slaheddine Jourchi, a leading Tunisian political analyst.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>One European diplomat said: \u00ab\u00a0State television is incapable of being reformed. The authorities in charge of TV are ossified apparatchiks who will not change from one day to the next.\u00a0\u00bb<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Even some officials acknowledge that genuine reform is hard.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0The official media by nature lacks the tools for real competition because of rules that are carved in stone. Even top media officials cannot override them. It is simply taboo…Even the simplest report can require several approvals before it can be aired,\u00a0\u00bb said an official at an Arab state-run television.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Such restrictions really limit the room for much more than a superficial change in the way state-run media can perform,\u00a0\u00bb said the official, who asked to remain anonymous.<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/span>(<\/strong>additional reporting by correspondents in <\/span>Riyadh<\/span><\/st1:city>, <\/span>Tunis<\/span><\/st1:state><\/st1:place> and <\/span>Damascus<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:city>)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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REUTERS<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n
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Les Am\u00e9ricains confront\u00e9s \u00e0 un r\u00e9veil islamiste<\/font><\/h6>\n
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<\/span><\/font>Instruits par l’exemple iranien, ils redoutent que les Irakiens veuillent mettre en place une th\u00e9ocratie.<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Par Pascal RICHE
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Washington<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state> de notre correspondant<\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/h6>\n
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<\/v:imagedata><\/w:wrap><\/font><\/font><\/v:shape>L<\/span>e seul probl\u00e8me, avec la d\u00e9mocratie, c’est le peuple. <\/span>Washington<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state>, qui a promis de respecter les choix politiques des Irakiens, est en train de d\u00e9couvrir que ceux-ci pourraient d\u00e9sirer l’inacceptable : une th\u00e9ocratie chiite, jumelle du r\u00e9gime de T\u00e9h\u00e9ran. Il y a douze ans, les Am\u00e9ricains avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 effray\u00e9s par un tel cauchemar : dans le sillage de la premi\u00e8re guerre du Golfe, ils avaient renonc\u00e9 \u00e0 aider les chiites \u00e0 renverser Saddam Hussein, laissant ce dernier r\u00e9primer sauvagement leur r\u00e9volte.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Temps perdu. <\/span><\/b>Aujourd’hui, tout se passe comme si une course de vitesse s’\u00e9tait engag\u00e9e entre les Am\u00e9ricains et le clerg\u00e9 chiite pour \u00abgagner les coeurs et les esprits\u00bb des Irakiens. Le second a pris un coup d’avance . Depuis quelques jours, ses fid\u00e8les ont pris en charge les fonctions vitales de <\/span>Bagdad<\/span><\/st1:place> : ils distribuent l’eau et la nourriture, ils punissent les pilleurs, etc. Le gouverneur am\u00e9ricain Jay Garner, arriv\u00e9 hier \u00e0 dans la capitale irakienne, doit tenter de rattraper le temps perdu et s’occuper des besoins urgents de la population (lire page suivante). <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Avant de quitter <\/span>Kowe\u00eft<\/span><\/st1:placename> <\/span>City<\/span><\/st1:placetype><\/st1:place>, o\u00f9 il avait jusque-l\u00e0 ses quartiers, il avait minimis\u00e9, dans The Washington Post,<\/i> le risque d’une pouss\u00e9e politique des islamistes chiites : \u00abTout ce que nous voulons, c’est que <\/i>[les Irakiens] installent un processus d\u00e9mocratique qui d\u00e9bouche sur un gouvernement refl\u00e9tant la volont\u00e9 librement exprim\u00e9e, par vote, du peuple. <\/i><\/span>Quel type de gouvernement, quel type de processus, c’est \u00e0 eux de le d\u00e9finir. <\/span><\/i>Nous ferons tout ce qu’ils veulent.\u00bb<\/span><\/i> Tout ? <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Dans une interview \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision \u00e9gyptienne, Paul Wolfowitz, le num\u00e9ro deux du Pentagone, a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre des \u00ablimites\u00bb<\/i> \u00e0 l’acceptable : \u00abJe pense que certaines choses sont essentielles et je pense que le peuple irakien les consid\u00e9rera comme telles : un gouvernement qui respecte son peuple, qui repr\u00e9sente tout son peuple, qui pr\u00e9serve l’unit\u00e9 de l’Irak, qui respecte ses voisins <\/i>(…). Dans ces limites, si <\/i>[l’Irak] se comporte comme un membre responsable de la communaut\u00e9 internationale, et un gouvernement responsable de son peuple, quelles que soient les vues qu’il veuille d\u00e9fendre, je pense que c’est son affaire.\u00bb<\/o:p><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n
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Pensant pouvoir d\u00e9samorcer la menace d’une pouss\u00e9e de l’islamisme, Paul Wolfowitz et ses amis du Pentagone tentent de promouvoir un gouvernement conduit par un exil\u00e9 chiite la\u00efque et tr\u00e8s occidentalis\u00e9, Ahmed Chalabi. Ce dernier, aujourd’hui \u00e0 Badgad, a estim\u00e9 ce week-end que la nouvelle Constitution irakienne devrait emp\u00eacher l’instauration d’une th\u00e9ocratie. Mais il n’exclut pas que les partis religieux aient \u00abun r\u00f4le\u00bb<\/i> dans le futur gouvernement, dans la mesure o\u00f9 ils auront des \u00e9lecteurs. Son bras droit, Mohamed Mohsen al-Zoubeidi, qui s’est autoproclam\u00e9 gouverneur de Badgad contre l’avis des Am\u00e9ricains, a, pour sa part, d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dimanche que la Constitution serait inspir\u00e9e par la loi islamique…<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00abD\u00e9sastreux\u00bb.<\/span><\/b> Les Am\u00e9ricains avaient-ils pr\u00e9vu le danger d’une telle pouss\u00e9e islamiste ? \u00abIls en \u00e9taient forc\u00e9ment conscients, car de nombreuses voix les avaient mis en garde avant la guerre,<\/i> estime Phil Gordon, expert \u00e0 la Brookings Institution. Mais ils ne pouvaient l’admettre : pour vendre la guerre, ils ont d\u00fb multiplier les d\u00e9clarations optimistes sur la future d\u00e9mocratie.\u00bb<\/i> <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Selon lui, l’administration am\u00e9ricaine va maintenant devoir travailler d’arrache-pied \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper d’autres mouvements politiques. Et elle prendra, pour y parvenir, le temps qu’il faudra. \u00abJe ne pense pas qu’on verra l’organisation de vraies \u00e9lections avant longtemps\u00bb, <\/i>poursuit-il.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Dimanche, deux s\u00e9nateurs influents, le pr\u00e9sident de la commission des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res r\u00e9publicain Richard Lugar (<\/span>Indiana<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state>) et le d\u00e9mocrate Joseph Lieberman (<\/span>Connecticut<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state>) ont clairement laiss\u00e9 entendre que <\/span>Washington<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state> ne laisserait jamais un gouvernement islamique proche des Iraniens s’installer \u00e0 Badgad. \u00abAller \u00e0 des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment serait d\u00e9sastreux\u00bb,<\/i> a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Lugar sur NBC, n’excluant pas qu’il faudrait peut-\u00eatre attendre cinq ans avant de voir une d\u00e9mocratie en Irak. <\/span>Lugar reproche \u00e0 l’administration Bush de tarder \u00e0 s’occuper des besoins de la population irakienne, ce qui permet aux religieux chiites de s’engouffrer dans un \u00abvide\u00bb.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Choix corn\u00e9lien<\/span><\/b>. La situation rend tr\u00e8s nerveux les sunnites. Si l’appel au radicalisme religieux fait des \u00e9mules, et si la guerre civile menace, Washington risque d’\u00eatre confront\u00e9 rapidement \u00e0 un choix corn\u00e9lien : d\u00e9guerpir au plus vite \u00ad ce que sugg\u00e8rent d\u00e9j\u00e0 en coulisse des responsables de la Maison Blanche et du Pentagone \u00ad ou bien mettre en prison les opposants les plus mena\u00e7ants… c’est-\u00e0-dire prolonger les m\u00e9thodes ch\u00e8res \u00e0 Saddam Hussein. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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(Source\u00a0: Lib\u00e9ration du 22 avril 2003)<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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TUNISNEWS est une liste de diffusion \u00e9lectronique ind\u00e9pendante sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les affaires tunisiennes. Elle est publi\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’aide pr\u00e9cieuse de l’association :
Freedoms Friends (FrihetsVanner F\u00f6reningen)
Box 62 <\/font> <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
127 22 Sk\u00e4rholmen\u00a0 Sweden
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