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LES TITRES DE CE JOUR:<\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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B\u00e9chir Ben Yahmed : \u00ab Un marteau pour tuer une mouche… \u00bb<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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l’Association Tunisienne des Femmes D\u00e9mocrates: Mise au point.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Lotfi Zitoun: The Euro-Tunisian Association: A Historical Perspective<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Le Premier ministre indien annule une visite en Tunisie<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Le Monde : Le questionnaire de Dominique Edd\u00e9 et Dani\u00e8le Sallenave <\/div>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/div>\n
\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/font> <\/div>\n
\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 : \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646!<\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n
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NOUS LAISSONS A L’INTELLIGENCE DE NOS LECTEURS ET ABONNES LE SOIN DE COMMENTER ET DE MEDITER LES AMALGAMES ET CONTRE-VERITES CONTENUS DANS CET EXTRAIT DE L’EDITO DE BECHIR BEN YAHMED DANS LE DERNIER NUMERO DE \u00ab\u00a0L’INTELLIGENT\u00a0\u00bb…<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
C’EST BIEN DOMMAGE DE SE VOILER LA FACE ET REVENIR AU DISCOURS DU REGIME TUNISIEN DU DEBUT DES ANNEES 90 EN FAISANT SEMBLANT DE NE PAS SAVOIR QU’IL N’Y A PAS EN TUNISIE UN PROBLEME D’INTEGRISME OU DE TERRORISME MAIS LA REPRESSION D’UNE\u00a0 POIGNEE DE CLANS LIES A LA DICTATURE QUI JOUE SUR TOUTES LES PEURS – REELLES OU IMAGINAIRES- POUR SE MAINTENIR EN SELLE.<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
NON , YA SI BBY…VOUS N’AVEZ PAS LE DROIT DE NOUS TROMPER ENCORE UNE FOIS!<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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VOICI L’EXTRAIT EN QUESTION:<\/u><\/font><\/strong> <\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0…On ne le r\u00e9p\u00e9tera jamais assez !<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
Pour se pr\u00e9munir de ce que les terroristes peuvent faire, il est n\u00e9cessaire de se gu\u00e9rir de ce qui les fait.<\/i> <\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
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Cela pos\u00e9, je veux dire les r\u00e9serves principales que m’inspirent cette curieuse guerre et la mani\u00e8re dont elle est conduite.<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
1. Le chef autoproclam\u00e9 de cette \u00ab croisade \u00bb est l’Am\u00e9rique.<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
Je note qu’elle ne s’est saisie du commandement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de cette lutte, qu’elle veut d\u00e9sormais totale, massive et universelle, qu’apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 son tour, agress\u00e9e chez elle. Or l’int\u00e9grisme islamiste s\u00e9vit depuis une vingtaine d’ann\u00e9es dans plusieurs pays o\u00f9 ses chefs veulent s’emparer du pouvoir par la violence. Ils y sont d’ailleurs parvenus dans une demi-douzaine de pays arabo-musulmans ; n’ont \u00e9chou\u00e9 en Tunisie et en Alg\u00e9rie que d’extr\u00eame justesse, ont encore une chance d’y parvenir en \u00c9gypte. <\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
Celui qui a le mieux combattu l’int\u00e9grisme d\u00e8s 1991, r\u00e9ussissant – sans guerre et pas seulement par la r\u00e9pression – \u00e0 r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement son influence et \u00e0 \u00e9loigner sa menace, le pr\u00e9sident tunisien Ben Ali, pr\u00eachait dans le d\u00e9sert lorsqu’il d\u00e9clarait en 1994 (au Financial Times<\/i> et au Figaro<\/i> ) :<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00ab L’int\u00e9grisme, ou si vous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rez l’obscurantisme religieux, enfante le terrorisme. C’est la porte ouverte \u00e0 tous les exc\u00e8s. C’est une approche totalitaire qui exclut toutes les vertus qui permettent \u00e0 l’homme de s’\u00e9panouir et de s’exprimer et aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de se d\u00e9velopper et de se consolider. C’est une vision r\u00e9trograde qui fait abstraction de toutes les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques pour lesquelles l’homme a, si longtemps, combattu et dont il a fait le corollaire indispensable de son progr\u00e8s, dans tous les domaines. En d’autres termes, l’int\u00e9grisme est la n\u00e9gation de la d\u00e9mocratie, donc de la libert\u00e9 et du progr\u00e8s. Il en est l’antith\u00e8se.<\/i> <\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
En Tunisie, le probl\u00e8me a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9gl\u00e9. <\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
Maintenant, l’int\u00e9grisme, c’est votre probl\u00e8me : je veux dire celui de Paris, de Londres, de Washington. La France, le Royaume-Uni, les \u00c9tats-Unis, servent de bases arri\u00e8re aux terroristes int\u00e9gristes… \u00bb<\/i> <\/font><\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
Cet int\u00e9grisme \u00ab r\u00e9trograde, born\u00e9 et ennemi de la d\u00e9mocratie \u00bb, les \u00c9tats-Unis, le Royaume-Uni, la France et Isra\u00ebl l’ont pourtant, et pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, favoris\u00e9 et abrit\u00e9. Tant qu’il ne nuisait qu’aux autres, parfois leurs amis, ils l’ont utilis\u00e9 et aid\u00e9 \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper, se servant de lui comme d’un instrument de pression, voire d’une alternative aux pouvoirs en place, alternative qu’ils pensaient pouvoir (mieux) contr\u00f4ler…\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
Maintenant si vous voulez lire l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de l’edito de Mr. Ben Yahmed (qui comprend quelques bonnes id\u00e9es aussi)\u00a0cliquez ici:<\/font><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.lintelligent.com\/data\/jaf\/2124\/212400801.html<\/font><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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l’Association Tunisienne des Femmes D\u00e9mocrates<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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MISE AU POINT<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/h3>\n
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Tunis, le 28 septembre 2001<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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NR : 688\/01<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Suite aux diff\u00e9rentes d\u00e9clarations et articles de presse, notre association rappelle :<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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1 – En tant qu’association attach\u00e9e \u00e0 ses principes fondateurs et particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 son autonomie, seul le Comit\u00e9 Directeur est habilit\u00e9 \u00e0 communiquer les d\u00e9cisions et les positions de l’Association Tunisienne des Femmes D\u00e9mocrates<\/i>.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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2 – En tant qu’association qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 depuis des ann\u00e9es sa lutte contre les violences subies par les femmes dans le cadre de son centre d’\u00e9coute et d’orientation des femmes victimes de violences,<\/i> notre d\u00e9marche a \u00e9t\u00e9, est et sera celle de la solidarit\u00e9 et de l’accompagnement des femmes victimes de violences pour leur d\u00e9fense.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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3 – Que notre association respecte le principe de la confidentialit\u00e9, aucune identit\u00e9 de femmes n’est rendue publique m\u00eame dans les campagnes de sensibilisation et surtout pas sans leur accord . Mais vu les informations publi\u00e9es sur la relation entre SL secr\u00e9taire de la LTDH et l’ATFD, nous sommes dans l’obligation de d\u00e9clarer que la concern\u00e9e sera accompagn\u00e9e conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 notre d\u00e9marche \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de toutes les femmes victimes de violences.<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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P. Le Comit\u00e9 Directeur<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La Pr\u00e9sidente<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Bochra Bel Haj Hmida<\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u00ab\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/font> <\/p>\n
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Le Premier ministre indien annule une visite en Tunisie<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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<\/strong>Post\u00e9 le 27\/09\/2001 15:35:00<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n
TUNIS, 27 sept (AFP) –<\/b> Le Premier ministre indien Atal Behari Vajpayee a annul\u00e9 une visite officielle en Tunisie en raison de la situation cr\u00e9\u00e9e par les attentats du 11 septembre aux Etats-Unis, a-t-on appris aupr\u00e8s de l’ambassade indienne \u00e0 Tunis.<\/p>\n
M. Vajpayee \u00e9tait initialement attendu jeudi \u00e0 Tunis dans le cadre d’une visite destin\u00e9e \u00e0 approfondir les relations bilat\u00e9rales, selon cette source.<\/p>\n
Une nouvelle date, selon la m\u00eame source, devrait \u00eatre fix\u00e9e ult\u00e9rieurement pour ce voyage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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The Euro-Tunisian Association: <\/span>A Historical Perspective<\/span><\/font><\/h3>\n
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By: <\/font>Lotfi Zitoun<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0(Tunisian researcher in London)<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Sometimes history may be of great help in understanding nowadays phenomena. In explaining the European attitude towards the issues of democratisation in the south side of the Mediterranean and especially in Tunisia, a historical text of Mohammed Bayram V is very relevant. Bayram V is a one of the most prominent intellectuals that led the process of reforms (Islah) in the end of the 19^{th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 <\/span>He was among those elite who supported the European intervention in Tunisia in 1957 in order to press Mohamed Bey <\/font>[i]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> to establish the first Constitution in the Muslim World. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n}
Following the execution of a Jewish Tunisian subject for blasphemy, the English and French fleets came to anchor in the Tunisian coast. The two European Ambassadors met with the Bey accompanied by the Admirals to inform him of the necessity to, immediately, establish a constitution that guarantee human and political rights. The Bey has no choice but to comply to avoid military intervention from the two superpowers of that time. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Nevertheless, \u201cAhd al-Aman\u201d, the new constitution was not only confined to the issues of human rights and equality between the subjects of the Bey. The text may be divided in two parts; the first one is concerned with establishing a new political system based on equality between subjects of different faiths, independent Judiciary, a consultative council.. The second part of the constitution is concerned with the establishment of what may be called, in the context of the 19^{th<\/sup> century, a free trade zone, giving the right to foreigner to buy lands and lifting tariffs on European goods.<\/font>}[ii]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Although the Tunisian reformist elite at that time, was aware of the dangers that may be engendered by the uncalculated opening of Tunisia to European goods and people, they were very enthusiastic in their support of \u201cAhd al-Aman\u201d. They hoped that it would inaugurate a new era in Tunisia, based on the respect of human beings through the limitation of absolute power. The most zealots of them went as far as to aspire in the introduction of constitutional monarchy.\u00a0 <\/span><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
After only three years of distorted implementation of the new constitution, the country witnessed a general, destructive, armed revolution. The Bey, whose budget has been severely cut due to the lifting of tariff barriers, resorted to increasing taxes on the indigenous tribes. In 1864, the draconian methods exercised by the tax collectors generated a wide armed revolution that brought the regime to its knees. Had not been the intervention of the French and English fleet in the conflict, the Hussaynid Monarchy would have been overthrown. In 1965 the Bey was ordered by the two great powers to stop the application of the political section of the constitution, the economic section having become a \u201cfait accompli\u201d defended by foreign councils<\/font>[iii]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
The process of discriminatory application of \u201cAhd al-Aman\u201d continued until 1881 when Tunisia officially fell under French Colonialism. Bayram V had witnessed the whole process from within the establishment and had came out with a very significant conclusion concerning the European politics towards Tunisia, especially in the matters of human rights and political reform:<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u201cA major cause that prevents our government from being based on law and Shura (consultation) is the fact that they [the Europeans] see it as a threat to their interests. The Bey may lean on the refusal of the public opinion to avoid complying with European demands\u2026 In order to achieve their goals outside, great powers do not exclude any means even if it is in contradiction with their principles.. There is no comparison between their conduct outside and inside their countries..\u201d<\/font>[iv]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
The European interventions; their enthusiasm for the establishment of the constitution and their warm greetings to the Bey turned to be mere cover for their conspiracies to colonise Tunisia.<\/font>[v]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> These events left the Tunisian elite with a deep mistrust towards initiatives coming from the North side of the Mediterranean especially if it has to do with internal affairs. The continuous support given to Tunisian dictators by their European counterparts has done nothing but deepen the doubt of the Tunisian elite concerning the will of European government to support the establishment of democratic regimes in the Maghreb, Tunisia included. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
More than one century on, Rached Ghannouchi, a Tunisian dissident, living in exile in London after being sentenced, three times to life imprisonment for his political activity, express, in other words, the same result reached by Bayram V:<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u201cA few international actors ranging from nation-states to financial institutions can be implicated, directly and indirectly, in the survival of a variety of Arab authoritarian regimes. We are not asking the West to export and impose democracy on the Arab and Muslim peoples. .. Indeed we are questioning the close association of western democrats with Arab autocrats. We are not telling the west what to do or not to do. However, for the west the inescapable question is whether it can indefinitely live with its economic and moral support for violators of human rights and regimes that stand in the way of fostering and promoting genuine good rule, constitutionalism and legality in the Arab Word\u201d<\/font>[vi]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
Whether the Association with the European Union will be an incentive for democratisation in Tunisia and to bolster the respect for human rights, has been a subject of great controversy within the Tunisian elite.<\/font>[vii]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Theoretically, if the 2^{nd<\/sup> clause of the Association Agreement is to be seriously implemented, as is the case for the economic sections, the situation of human rights in Tunisia should have been improved since the signing of the agreement. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n}
It is exactly the opposite that happened. Since 1995 the circle of repression has been widened to include secular elite after having been, for five years, limited to Islamists.<\/font>[viii]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
During these five years (1990-5) the NGO\u2019s world (except for Amnesty International) as well as the European media, had kept silent, about the situation of human rights in Tunisia. They seemed to sympathise with the Tunisian regime\u2019s pretension that a certain amount of repression is necessary to neutralise the \u201cFundamentalist Danger\u201d that threaten to turn Tunisia into a second Algeria in the Maghreb<\/font>[ix]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>. It was only in October 1995 that the human rights international Armada started to seriously give attention to what was happening in the South Mediterranean country. That was on the occasion of the persecution of Mohammed Moada, the leader of the Social democrat movement, the main opposition legal party.<\/font>[x]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> Since then, Tunisia has been under the scrutiny of the International NGOs. It is worth noting that these unofficial bodies are conducting their work regardless of whether the country subject to investigation is tied by and agreement with Europe or not. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
What is of more interest for our study is the reaction of the official instances of the European Union to the degradation of humanistic and political situation in Tunisia, which is being widely exposed by International Human Rights organisations. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
A thorough exploration into European Union Archive had resulted in a very modest output. The sole official European institution where the issue of the compliance of Tunisia with the 2^{nd<\/sup> Clause of the agreement of association has been debated is the European Parliament. The resolution passed on the 22 of May 1996, constitute one of the very rare occasions where the situation of human rights in Tunisia was raised. The resolution, voted for by 97 MEP against 91, expressed deep concern and preoccupation of European Assembly concerning the situation in Tunisia. It reminded the Tunisian Authorities of the provision of the agreement relating economic co-operation to the respect of human rights and democratic principles.<\/font>}[xi]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
However, a paragraph in the resolution reveals the uncertainty of the European policy concerning these issues. The 9^{th<\/sup> paragraph states that the European Union is<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n}
\u201c conscious that Tunisia passes a transitional economic, social and political period, and that it have to face the challenge of extremist movements\u201d<\/font>[xii]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> The discriminatory resolution goes on, calling to the European Commission to press the Tunisian Authorities in order to stop harassing Democratic (read secular) groups and activists.<\/font>[xiii]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> Nevertheless, the Tunisian reaction to this resolution was disproportionate. On the week following the publishing of the resolution, the Tunisian official press (all the press is official in Tunisia) had left no stone unturned. The European MPs were portrayed as new-colonialist, racist, arrogant, hateful.. threats were, even issued to withdraw from the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and to freeze the association agreement.<\/font>[xiv]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> French newspapers such as Le Monde<\/i> and Liberation<\/i> have been banned<\/font>[xv]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span> <\/span>The European Commission understood the message and never raised, at least openly, the question with the Tunisian Authorities. On the contrary, loans and financial aid continued to be poured into Tunisian economy.[xvi]<\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
It may be said that the Europeans do not want to precipitate a change that will benefit the Islamists and that they are, instead, waiting for a long term improvement of the situation. But it seems that the Tunisian system is too rigid that it is unlikely to improve. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Could the European Union succeed in inventing a mechanism that will make the two sections of the agreement working harmoniously. It should, because a failure would mean a dangerous retrogression and the EU will be held responsible for the breakdown of the partnership and the system.<\/font>[xvii]<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/font><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/span>[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Bey is the Turkish name of the governor of Tunisia that was part of the Ottoman Empire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>A. I. A. Dhiaf, Ithaf Ahl Azzaman, Tunis, Vol.4, p.240.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Bayram V, Aspects Remarquables des Cites et nations du Monde, Tunis, 1989, p.407.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Ibid., p.403<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[v]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Bdira, M. Ahd al Aman Wa Dawr al-Ulama Walmutaawribin fi Wadhii Awwal Dustour Tunisi, in Elites et Pouvoir dans le Monde Arabe Pendant la Periode Moderne et Contemporaine, Tunis, 1992, p 143-70. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[vi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Sadiki. L, To Export or not to Export Democracy to the Arab World: The Islamist Perspective, in Arab Studies Journal, Spring 1998, p. 60.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[vii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Moada, M. Open Letter to president ben Ali, in Audace, No.28, May 1997, p16-20.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[viii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Amnesty International, Tunisia, a Widening Circle of Repression, London, 1997.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[ix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Zin al-Abidine Ben Ali, Tunisia News, No.129, Tunis, May 29^{th<\/sup>, 1995.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n}
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<\/span>[x]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Human rights Watch, Internationsl Report (Tunisia), 1997 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[xi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Parlement european, Resolution, B4-606\/RC1, may 22, 1996.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[xii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Ibid. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[xiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Ibid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[xiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Editorials of La Presse, le Temps, Le Renouveau,..(tunisian Dailies) May 24, 1996.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[xv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Committee to Protect Journalists, Annual Repport, Tunisia, 1998, http:\/\/www.cpj\/pubs\/attacks97\/mideast\/tunisia.html.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[xvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Liberation, April 14, 1997<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>[xvii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>Ben Romdhane, M. Avec l\u2019accord d\u2019association avec l\u2019union europeene, jusqu\u2019a quel point peut tenir le \u201csysteme\u201d tunisien? In Aujourdh\u2019hui l\u2019Afrique, No. 67.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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DEUX INTELLECTUELS FRANCAIS POSENT A <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span>TOUT LE MONDE\u201d UNE SERIE DE TRES BONNES QUESTIONS SUR LES PAGES DU JOURNAL FRANCAIS \u201cLE MONDE\u201d.<\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
UTILE POUR LES MENINGES!!<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/strong>
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<\/font><\/font>
<\/span>Le questionnaire de Dominique Edd\u00e9 et Dani\u00e8le Sallenave <\/span><\/strong><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
LE MONDE | 27.09.01 | 13h16<\/span><\/strong><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
MIS A JOUR LE 27.09.01 | 13h40<\/span><\/strong><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n
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Pourquoi la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision a-t-elle attendu que la terreur frappe \u00e0 Manhattan pour montrer la t\u00eate d’une femme afghane roulant dans un stade de football \u00e0 Kaboul\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi l’Afrique ne re\u00e7oit-elle que 1\u00a0% des investissements mondiaux\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
A-t-on allum\u00e9 une seule bougie pour le demi-million d’enfants morts en Irak\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi ignore-t-on que l’islamiste Omar Abdel Rahman, instigateur pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 de l’assassinat de Sadate, fut embauch\u00e9 par la CIA contre les Sovi\u00e9tiques en Afghanistan et que, dot\u00e9 en 1991 d’une \u00ab\u00a0carte verte\u00a0\u00bb (permis de travail pour \u00e9trangers), il organisa deux ans plus tard le premier attentat contre le World Trade Center\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi le pr\u00e9sident des Etats-Unis prie-t-il en direct\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Que comptent faire les musulmans pour ne pas livrer l’islam aux islamistes\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi le gouvernement \u00e9gyptien met-il les homosexuels en prison\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi Ab\u00fb Nuw\u00e2s et Les Mille et Une Nuits<\/i> sont-ils interdits au Caire\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi la vie d’un Palestinien ou d’un Pakistanais vaut-elle moins cher que la vie d’un Isra\u00e9lien, d’un Am\u00e9ricain ou d’un Fran\u00e7ais\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Que feront les sionistes du sionisme quand il y aura la paix\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi la puret\u00e9 ethnique est-elle inacceptable \u00e0 Belgrade et tol\u00e9rable \u00e0 Islamabad, Zagreb et Tel-Aviv\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Dans quel \u00e9tat est le drapeau am\u00e9ricain qui flotte sur la lune\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi, sur 22\u00a0millions de morts du sida dans le monde, 17\u00a0millions sont-ils africains\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi la diff\u00e9rence d’esp\u00e9rance de vie entre l’Afrique et l’Europe est-elle de vingt-cinq\u00a0ans\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les Am\u00e9ricains sont-ils si peu inquiets de produire un tiers de la pollution mondiale\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Sait-on que la Chine, l’Arabie saoudite, les Etats-Unis et l’Iran concentrent \u00e0 eux seuls 88\u00a0% des ex\u00e9cutions capitales dans le monde\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi est-il devenu impossible de comprendre l’Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi ne retient-on jamais le nom des capitales des pays d’Afrique\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi fait-on silence sur les termes de la pri\u00e8re juive\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Je te remercie, mon Dieu, de ne pas m’avoir fait femme\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi fait-on silence sur la sourate du Coran qui dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les hommes ont autorit\u00e9 sur les femmes en vertu de la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence que Dieu leur a accord\u00e9e sur elles\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi certains, en France, veulent-ils revoir les lois la\u00efques de 1904\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi voit-on si peu la Chine \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi, aux Etats-Unis, le tabagisme est-il plus combattu que l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi Dieu est-il sur les billets de banque am\u00e9ricains\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi dit-on d’un citoyen argentin qu’il est argentin et d’un citoyen des Etats-Unis qu’il est am\u00e9ricain\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les Am\u00e9ricains n’ont-ils pas parachut\u00e9 de vivres en Afghanistan\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les Occidentaux ne voyaient-ils rien \u00e0 redire quand Saddam Hussein massacrait les communistes et les Kurdes en Irak\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les rapports d’Amnesty International sur la torture et les prisons ne font-ils pas la une des journaux\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les crimes du pass\u00e9 sont-ils plus \u00e0 la mode que les crimes du pr\u00e9sent\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi un pays qui s’octroie le droit d’en renvoyer un autre \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge de pierre se prend-il pour l’empire du Bien\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
O\u00f9 en sont les travaux de l’ol\u00e9oduc en Afghanistan\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi n’a-t-on traduit en arabe que des ouvrages r\u00e9visionnistes sur l’Holocauste\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Sait-on que les attentats antiam\u00e9ricains ont commenc\u00e9 au lendemain de la guerre isra\u00e9lo-arabe de 1967\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement des colonies isra\u00e9liennes n’a-t-il pas \u00e9t\u00e9 un pr\u00e9alable aux accords d’Oslo\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi le nombre des colonies a-t-il doubl\u00e9 sous les gouvernements travaillistes\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les Isra\u00e9liens rendraient-ils les territoires aux Palestiniens s’ils ne reconnaissent pas les leur avoir pris\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi Ariel Sharon est-il en libert\u00e9\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Qui a tu\u00e9 Salvador Allende le 11\u00a0septembre 1973\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi Mgr\u00a0Lustiger a-t-il dit en 1989 que l’Europe est chr\u00e9tienne\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est-il devenu l’ombre des Etats-Unis\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi la libert\u00e9 de parole dans le monde arabe est-elle le plus court chemin pour aller en prison\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Peut-on faire la guerre au racisme sans faire la guerre aux bons sentiments\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Peut-on faire la guerre au terrorisme sans faire la paix avec le monde islamique\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les Arabes sont-ils fascin\u00e9s par l’Am\u00e9rique\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi oublient-ils d’y penser\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi le pays de la libert\u00e9 a-t-il tourn\u00e9 le dos \u00e0 tous les d\u00e9mocrates arabes\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi tant d’Am\u00e9ricains croient-ils que Djakarta est un pays du Golfe\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi sont-ce les journalistes qui posent les questions\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi faut-il toujours r\u00e9pondre \u00ab\u00a0pour\u00a0\u00bb<\/i> ou \u00ab\u00a0contre\u00a0\u00bb<\/i> et jamais \u00ab\u00a0contre\u00a0\u00bb<\/i> et \u00ab\u00a0contre\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi n’y a-t-il jamais d’esclandre \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi est-il impensable de dire \u00ab\u00a0je ne sais pas\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les journalistes s’excusent-ils quand ils h\u00e9sitent\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi ceux d’entre eux qui disent ce qu’on ne veut pas savoir n’ont-ils pas le prix Nobel\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
A-t-on le droit de jeter une bombe sur l’Afghanistan avant d’avoir r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 ces questions\u00a0? <\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n
Pourquoi les talibans ont-ils interdit les cerfs-volants\u00a0?<\/o:p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Dominique Edd\u00e9\u00a0et <\/i>Dani\u00e8le Sallenave sont \u00e9crivains.<\/i><\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/o:p><\/span><\/u><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 27 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646!<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/span><\/b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631
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<\/font>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646
\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/font>
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Nr\u00a0499 du 28\/09\/2001<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Consulter les messages pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents ici<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Consulter les messages pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents ici<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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MISE AU POINT<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/h3>\n
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Le Premier ministre indien annule une visite en Tunisie<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The Euro-Tunisian Association: <\/span>A Historical Perspective<\/span><\/font><\/h3>\n
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By: <\/font>Lotfi Zitoun<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0(Tunisian researcher in London)<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Nr\u00a0499 du 28\/09\/2001<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\nConsulter les messages pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents ici<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/font><\/tt><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Consulter les messages pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents ici<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/font><\/tt><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MISE AU POINT<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Le Premier ministre indien annule une visite en Tunisie<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The Euro-Tunisian Association: <\/span>A Historical Perspective<\/span><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\nBy: <\/font>Lotfi Zitoun<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\u00a0(Tunisian researcher in London)<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Nr\u00a0499 du 28\/09\/2001<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Consulter les messages pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents ici<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
<\/font><\/tt><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Consulter les messages pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents ici<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
<\/font><\/tt><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MISE AU POINT<\/o:p><\/font><\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The Euro-Tunisian Association: <\/span>A Historical Perspective<\/span><\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
By: <\/font>Lotfi Zitoun<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0(Tunisian researcher in London)<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n