\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 <\/o:p> <\/font><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a 9 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2002 <\/em><\/o:p> <\/u><\/font><\/b><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a <\/o:p> <\/font><\/b>\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 <\/o:p> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649<\/font><\/span><\/font>\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/font>\u00a0<\/font> <\/font><\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/font> <\/p>\n
\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 . . . \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646<\/font><\/p>\n
<\/font> <\/div>\n
\n
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<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/o:p> <\/p>\n
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<\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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(\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 10\/9\/2002 )<\/font>\u00a0 <\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/font> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Promouvoir la\u00a0 <\/span>citoyennet\u00e9 dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de sujets <\/o:p> <\/font><\/h2>\n
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Moncef Marzouki <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
Il y a donc trois acteurs politiques principaux\u00a0 <\/span>qui\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>se disputent le dernier\u00a0 <\/span>mot dans l\u2019espace arabe:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>la dictature, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et le mouvement Islamiste\u00a0? <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
Au premier niveau de l\u2019analyse, l\u2019enjeu de cette empoignade g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e est la banale lutte pou le\u00a0 <\/span>pouvoir avec ses b\u00e9n\u00e9fices habituels. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
M\u00eame le pouvoir absolu d\u00e9passe celui qui l\u2019exerce pour servir aussi et peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame surtout, des int\u00e9r\u00eats, des valeurs, des id\u00e9es et des projets, des r\u00eaves ou des fantasmes, qui sont ceux d\u2019une fraction de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Les grands enjeux qui manipulent l\u2019app\u00e9tit de pouvoir du dictateur, ou celle d\u2019un candidat \u00e0 la magistrature supr\u00eame en d\u00e9mocratie,\u00a0 <\/span>restent \u00e0 \u00e9lucider. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Il en existe plusieurs, aussi bien internes qu\u2019internationaux. Celui qui me parait \u00eatre l\u2019enjeu central est la\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>d\u00e9finition de\u00a0 <\/span>la citoyennet\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Apres la premi\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendance (celle de l\u2019Etat national par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019Etat <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>\u00e9tranger ), on\u00a0 <\/span>d\u00e9cr\u00e9ta que tout\u00a0 <\/span>tunisien \u00e9tait\u00a0 <\/span>d\u00e9sormais un <\/span>\u2018\u2019\u00a0Mouwatan\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Le mot\u00a0 <\/span>est une traduction litt\u00e9rale\u00a0 <\/span>du mot fran\u00e7ais citoyen (bien qu\u2019\u00e9tymologiquement le premier renvoie \u00e0 Watan\u00a0\u00bb (partie) le second \u00e0\u00a0 <\/span>la cit\u00e9). <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Bien entendu, il n\u2019y a rien de commun entre ce que le concept signifie\u00a0 <\/span>dans sa culture originelle et ce que l\u2019Etat \u2013parti\u00a0 <\/span>puis de l\u2019Etat-policier en ont fait. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Le transfert manipulait\u00a0 <\/span>au mieux un malentendu au pire un mensonge la traduction\u00a0 <\/span>fait fi de toutes les bases culturelles de la \u2018\u2019Mouwatana \u2018\u2019 \u00e0 l\u2019occidentale. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Cette\u00a0 <\/span>citoyennet\u00e9 a d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span>grecque et ath\u00e9nienne. Elle\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e9tait le privil\u00e8ge\u00a0 <\/span>d\u2019une \u00e9lite (10 % de la population) excluant les femmes, les esclaves, les moins de dix-huit ans et\u00a0 <\/span>les \u00e9trangers. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Elle \u00e9tait surtout\u00a0 <\/span>une citoyennet\u00e9 de responsabilit\u00e9 politique au premier chef. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
J\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 rapport\u00e9 la parole de P\u00e9ricl\u00e8s qui ne voyait pas un citoyen non impliqu\u00e9 dans la chose publique. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La r\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, qui a fait fructifier le legs,\u00a0 <\/span>n\u2019a fait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span>qu\u2019\u00e9tendre un\u00a0 <\/span>privil\u00e8ge a tous, du moins en principe, sur fond de consid\u00e9rations philosophiques justifiant\u00a0 <\/span>l\u2019extension de la \u2018\u2019couverture\u2019\u2019 <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>La philosophie occidentale \u00e9laborait de Descartes \u00e0 Rousseau, en passant par Hume\u00a0 <\/span>Locke, Spinoza,\u00a0 <\/span>une autre vision de l\u2019homme que celle en cours aussi bien en Occident que\u00a0 <\/span>dans l\u2019Orient arabo-musulman en pleine d\u00e9cadence. L\u2019homme y\u00a0 <\/span>avait pris du grade nimb\u00e9 de\u00a0 <\/span>raison, de dignit\u00e9 et surtout de libert\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Certes cette\u00a0 <\/span>libert\u00e9 devait \u00eatre limit\u00e9e\u00a0 <\/span>par les droits de l\u2019autre, mais il s\u2019agit d\u2019une limitation librement consentie. Le contrat social est une bonne affaire pour tous\u00a0: libert\u00e9 assum\u00e9e, y compris dans son auto-limitation, en contrepartie de\u00a0 <\/span>droits garantis \u00e0 tous par un Etat qui est le\u00a0 <\/span>reflet de la volont\u00e9 commune. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>D\u00e9cortiquons\u00a0 <\/span>maintenant le concept <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La citoyennet\u00e9 est d\u2019abord\u00a0 <\/span>une identit\u00e9. On est de cette communaut\u00e9 qu\u2019est la cit\u00e9 d\u2019Ath\u00e8nes\u00a0 <\/span>et non d\u2019une autre. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Elle est ensuite\u00a0 <\/span>le ciment invisible\u00a0 <\/span>qui lie l\u2019individu\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e0 cette communaut\u00e9 par le biais des r\u00e8gles librement accept\u00e9es, elles-m\u00eames, g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par des valeurs communes, en l\u2019occurrence la libert\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Elle est enfin\u00a0 <\/span>un projet de vivre en commun selon ces r\u00e8gles et ces valeurs, dont\u00a0 <\/span>la n\u00e9cessaire\u00a0 <\/span>prise de responsabilit\u00e9 dans le champ des activit\u00e9s d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat collectif.\u00a0 <\/span>. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Or le concept\u00a0 <\/span>dans le discours officiel d\u00e8s la naissance de l\u2019Etat ind\u00e9pendant en 1956,\u00a0 <\/span>a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019embl\u00e9e\u00a0 <\/span>fortement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la soumission, \u00e0 l\u2019Etat <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Bourguiba \u00e9tait un dictateur, mais il n\u2019\u00e9tait ni corrompu, ni corrupteur. Sa devise \u00e9tait\u00a0: quand on est aux affaires on ne fait pas d\u2019affaires ? <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Il \u00e9tait sinc\u00e8rement persuad\u00e9 qu\u2019il fallait \u2018\u2019encadre r le pays \u2018\u2019par un parti fort disciplin\u00e9, hi\u00e9rarchis\u00e9, dirig\u00e9 comme une arm\u00e9e civile. Le Tunisien devait \u00eatre \u00e9troitement contr\u00f4l\u00e9 pour emp\u00eacher la r\u00e9surgence en lui de l\u2019irr\u00e9dentisme berb\u00e8re. Il fallait en faire un \u00eatre ob\u00e9issant,\u00a0 <\/span>travailleur, d\u00e9volu corps et \u00e2me au service de l\u2019Etat et de ce qu\u2019il appelait\u00a0 <\/span>la \u2018\u2019Nation tunisienne\u2019\u2019. C\u2019est du bout des l\u00e8vres qu\u2019il conc\u00e9dait que ses sujets pouvaient \u00eatre aussi musulmans et arabes. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
l\u2019abandon de la libert\u00e9 \u00e9tait\u00a0 <\/span>un\u00a0 <\/span>pr\u00e9-requis pour \u00eatre un bon citoyen c.a.d un citoyen tranquille qui ne s\u2019occupe pas de politique. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Dans\u00a0 <\/span>cette vision il\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>n\u2019est autre qu\u2019un bon sujet de l\u2019Etat totalitaire. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Le r\u00eave accoucha de la d\u00e9-responsabilisation, de la d\u00e9mission collective, de la corruption et livra enfin le pays \u00e0 la police.\u00a0 <\/span> <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Ce sont les \u00e9lites issues de la classe moyenne qui ont propos\u00e9 d\u00e9s les ann\u00e9es 70 une nouvelle vision\u00a0 <\/span>de la citoyennet\u00e9,\u00a0 <\/span>tir\u00e9e du rejet\u00a0 <\/span>des effets pervers du bourguibisme et\u00a0 <\/span>de cette\u00a0 <\/span>id\u00e9ologie de substitution\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>qui tombait \u00e0 point\u00a0: les droits de l\u2019homme, <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La nouvelle conception\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e9tait \u00e0 la fois une marque d\u2019opposition \u00e0 l\u2019Etat totalitaire et\u00a0 <\/span>une revendication d\u2019une\u00a0 <\/span>classe\u00a0 <\/span>et d\u2019une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration\u00a0 <\/span>montante \u00e0\u00a0 <\/span>participer plus largement dans\u00a0 <\/span>la gestion de la chose publique. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La citoyennet\u00e9 nouvelle\u00a0 <\/span>revendique les valeurs grecques\u00a0 <\/span>de participation obligatoire au politique et les valeurs de libert\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>D\u2019une certaine fa\u00e7on, c\u2019est comme si on\u00a0 <\/span>voulait\u00a0 <\/span>retourner aux sources auxquelles on ne s\u2019est jamais abreuv\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Mais cette approche comme celle de l\u2019Etat \u2013parti ne se d\u00e9veloppe pas dans le vide. Elle avance p\u00e9niblement en luttant sournoisement ou \u00e0 visage d\u00e9couvert dans\u00a0 <\/span>un espace culturel\u00a0 <\/span>s\u00e9culaire satur\u00e9 de concepts forts, de valeurs puissantes et mobilisatrices <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Pour un Tunisien, comme pour un Syrien, le sentiment d\u2019appartenance \u00e0 la patrie arabe ou\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e0 la maison de l\u2019Islam, peut l\u2019emporter largement sur le sentiment de l\u2019appartenance au pays dont les fronti\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus souvent dessin\u00e9 par des guerres\u00a0 <\/span>fratricides, voire m\u00eame par des \u00e9trangers. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La notion de Watan (partie) en vieil\u00a0 <\/span>arabe, signifie l\u2019endroit ou l\u2019on s\u2019installe\u2026momentan\u00e9ment. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Le peuple continue quelque part \u00e0 \u00eatre nomade comme le fut l\u2019Etat lui-m\u00eame N\u2019a-t-on pas\u00a0 <\/span>vu des Etats s\u00a0\u2019en aller avec armes et bagages\u00a0 <\/span>pour se\u00a0 <\/span>tailler tr\u00e8s loin\u00a0 <\/span>un pays,\u00a0 <\/span>comme les Ommeyades\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e9migrant de Syrie en Andalousie , ou les Fatimides abandonnant Mahdia pour aller fonder\u00a0 <\/span>Le Caire. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Les Arabes ont toujours habit\u00e9 leur\u00a0 <\/span>religion et leur\u00a0 <\/span>langue non un espace physique d\u00e9fini et clos pour toujours. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Aussi ont-ils dans la culture traditionnelle, plusieurs niveaux d\u2019appartenance et donc de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9. L\u2019Etat \u2013Nation, n\u2019est que le dernier niveau\u00a0 <\/span>et peut-\u00eatre le plus mal aim\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Dans la culture populaire\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>largement impr\u00e9gn\u00e9e de religion,\u00a0 <\/span>Ce qui fonde la relation des individus entre eux, n\u2019est pas la recherche de\u00a0 <\/span>libert\u00e9, mais celle de la justice. Les peuples musulmans r\u00eavent depuis\u00a0 <\/span>le troisi\u00e8me Calife \u2018\u2019OMAR\u2019\u2019 au<\/span> <\/strong><\/span><\/u>despote\u00a0 <\/span>juste. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Le socle de cette derni\u00e8re\u00a0 <\/span>ne peut \u00eatre\u00a0 <\/span>la loi humaine mais la peur et\u00a0 <\/span>l\u2019ob\u00e9issance \u00e0 Dieu. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 est une notion encore plus probl\u00e9matique.\u00a0 <\/span>la femme n\u2019est pas l\u2019\u00e9gale\u00a0 <\/span>de l\u2019homme, l\u2019infid\u00e8le, l\u2019\u00e9gal du croyant etc. \u2026 <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La justice n\u2019est pas dans la suppression de l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9, mais dans le fait de\u00a0 <\/span>donner \u00e0 chaque cat\u00e9gorie les droits auxquels elle peut pr\u00e9tendre d\u2019apr\u00e8s les textes sacr\u00e9s. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Les valeurs cl\u00e9 de la citoyennet\u00e9 traditionnelles\u00a0 <\/span>sont donc\u00a0 <\/span>la fraternit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ombre de Dieu et la justice\u00a0 <\/span>dans l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span>naturelle du monde. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>*<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/u><\/font><\/p>\n
Il y a donc au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 trois projets de citoyennet\u00e9 qui ne se recoupent pas, ou si peu. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La bataille qui\u00a0 <\/span>a toujours fait rage autour de l\u2019enseignement est une recherche permanente\u00a0 <\/span>d\u2019une\u00a0 <\/span>victoire d\u2019un projet sur les deux autres. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Or les trois sont en crise. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>La citoyennet\u00e9 \u00e9tatique\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>subit les contre-coup de la d\u00e9route morale de la dictature. On peut dire qu\u2019elle a son avenir derri\u00e8re elle. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Mais La citoyennet\u00e9 selon les\u00a0 <\/span>militants des droits de l\u2019homme,\u00a0 <\/span>n\u2019avance pas pour autant en terrain conquis. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Elle\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>fait souvent l\u2019impasse sur deux facteurs limitant \u00a0<\/span>qui sont la culture religieuse\u00a0 <\/span>populaire, beaucoup plus active qu\u2019ils ne le croient et la soif de justice sociale. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Dans les tr\u00e9fonds du pays, ce ne sont pas les droits politiques qui passent en premier mais les droits socio \u2013\u00e9conomiques. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Il est exceptionnel qu\u2019une Association des Droits de l\u2019Homme , y fasse allusion et ce n\u2019est pas un hasard, mais un sympt\u00f4me, un aveu. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, la justice sociale reste la priorit\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e0 cause\u00a0 <\/span>de la pauvret\u00e9,\u00a0 <\/span>de l\u2019arbitraire et\u00a0 <\/span>de la corruption dont elle est victime. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
L\u2019impasse dans laquelle se trouve la citoyennet\u00e9 traditionnelle, dont les Islamises sont les champions,\u00a0 <\/span>est\u00a0 <\/span>inverse et sym\u00e9trique. La libert\u00e9 est pour certaines franges de l\u2019Islamisme le plus r\u00e9trograde synonyme\u00a0 <\/span>de\u2026. libertinisme <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Si l\u2019on s\u2019en tient\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e0 la seule composante \u2018\u2019valeur\u2019\u2019 de la citoyennet\u00e9 on peut sch\u00e9matiser la situation ainsi. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Sous\u00a0 <\/span>la dictature, elle se voit d\u00e9nier la libert\u00e9,\u00a0 <\/span>la justice et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Les d\u00e9mocrates obnubil\u00e9s par la libert\u00e9 voient la justice et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span>en flou et au second plan. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Les Islamistes obnubil\u00e9s par la justice, ne per\u00e7oivent pas l\u2019urgence de la libert\u00e9 et encore moins de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La\u00a0 <\/span>d\u00e9finition de la citoyennet\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>devient\u00a0 <\/span>champ de conflit de pouvoir entre classes sociales, id\u00e9ologies et personnes. C\u2019est du r\u00e9sultat de ce conflit que na\u00eetra une pratique de la citoyennet\u00e9 et donc un mode d\u2019organisation politique \u00e9conomique et social. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Verrait-on s\u2019\u00e9laborer un consensus, qui n\u2019\u00e9liminerait en rien l\u2019existence de courants plus ou moins souterrains appelant \u00e0 une forme pure de la citoyennet\u00e9, c.a. d\u00a0 <\/span>.excluant l\u2019autre et entretenant une forme ou une autre de gu\u00e9rilla civile. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Un tel consensus me parait facile au niveau du rejet sans appel de la citoyennet\u00e9 \u00e9tatique. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Pour qu\u2019il puisse se continuer, les d\u00e9mocrates\u00a0 <\/span>devront s\u2019ouvrir\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e0 l\u2019appel de justice en hissant les droits socio-\u00e9conomiques sur le m\u00eame pi\u00e9destal que les droits politiques.\u00a0 <\/span>Ils devront\u00a0 <\/span>reconna\u00eetre\u00a0 <\/span>la dimension complexe de la qu\u00eate identitaire\u00a0 <\/span>et aux gens\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>le droit d\u2019avoir un pass\u00e9, une culture,\u00a0 <\/span>une religion de s\u2019identifier en tant que\u00a0 <\/span>musulmans, arabes\u00a0 <\/span>et tunisiens. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Un \u2018\u2019Musulmanisme\u00a0\u2018\u2019 social\u00a0 <\/span>ouvert, voire\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Islamisme politique\u00a0 <\/span>mod\u00e9r\u00e9, devra accepter\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>que les niveaux d\u2019identification h\u00e9rit\u00e9s du pass\u00e9 puissent s\u2019ouvrir sur\u00a0 <\/span>d\u2019un quatri\u00e8me niveau\u00a0: l\u2019universalit\u00e9 sous la houlette de la D\u00e9claration de 1948. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Ils\u00a0 <\/span>devront admettre que la libert\u00e9 est la condition n\u00e9cessaire de la justice, m\u00eame\u00a0 <\/span>si elle n\u2019en est pas la\u00a0 <\/span>condition suffisante, . <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Ils\u00a0 <\/span>n\u2019auront d\u2019autre choix que d\u2019admettre que seules les libert\u00e9s individuelles et collectives sont seules\u00a0 <\/span>capables, d\u2019emp\u00eacher le retour de la torture, des proc\u00e8s in\u00e9quitables et de la corruption. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Il leur faut faire le deuil du mythe dangereux\u00a0 <\/span>du despote juste. Un despote ne peut \u00eatre juste et un juste ne peut \u00eatre un despote. Omar est l\u2019exception qui confirme la r\u00e8gle. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
L\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019on puisse\u00a0 <\/span>construire la justice dans l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 est aussi absurde que de vouloir construire la libert\u00e9 sans toucher \u00e0 la servitude.. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Il ne peut y avoir de justice l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les femmes, les pauvres, les minoritaires de tout ordre sont assujettis \u00e0 un statut d\u2019inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas une donn\u00e9e mais comme la libert\u00e9 un objectif. Elle n\u2019est pas\u00a0 <\/span>l\u2019uniformit\u00e9 ou le nivellement par le bas. Elle est la chance donn\u00e9e et redonn\u00e9e sans cesse\u00a0 <\/span>\u00e0 tous,\u00a0 <\/span>pour qu\u2019ils expriment ce qu\u2019ils ont\u00a0 <\/span>de potentialit\u00e9s. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Chaque enfant\u00a0 <\/span>qui nous na\u00eet est une nouvelle preuve de l\u2019ent\u00eatement de Dieu\u00a0 <\/span>Et c\u2019est en son nom que nous bloquerions par la plus grande des injustices qu\u2019est l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9, ses projets et ses paris.\u00a0 <\/span> <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
La nouvelle citoyennet\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span>que nous devons \u00e9laborer doit assumer toutes ses racines. Nous ne sommes pas les sujets de\u00a0 <\/span>l\u2019Etat \u2013Nation appel\u00e9 \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre t\u00f4t ou tard. Nous sommes les enfants du pays du jasmin, de l\u2019Arabie\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>et de Dar \u2013 EL -Islam. Mais notre identit\u00e9 doit\u00a0 <\/span>se d\u00e9ployer comme un arbre majestueux dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re vivifiante de l\u2019universalit\u00e9. Enfants du terroir, nous sommes aussi\u00a0 <\/span>enfants du monde et tous les humains sont nos concitoyens. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, la libert\u00e9 et la justice seront nos valeurs r\u00e9gulatrices et les\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>objectifs\u00a0 <\/span>que nous ne cesserons jamais de poursuivre. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Libres de la peur, de l\u2019intimidation et du chantage, nous domestiquerons l\u2019Etat et nous le mettrons au service de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, non l\u2019Inverse. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>La chose publique sera l\u2019affaire de tous et nous consid\u00e9rerons comme P\u00e9ricl\u00e8s qu\u2019un citoyen qui ne s\u2019occupe pas de politique, n\u2019est pas un citoyen tranquille, mais un citoyen inutile. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Ce qui r\u00e9gira nos rapports est le principe simple\u00a0: mes droits sont\u00a0 <\/span>les\u00a0 <\/span>devoirs\u00a0 <\/span>de l\u2019autre, les droits de l\u2019autre sont mes devoirs. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Ainsi la citoyennet\u00e9 ne sera plus une vaste fumisterie, mais\u00a0 <\/span>une\u00a0 <\/span>responsabilit\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span>partag\u00e9e\u00a0 <\/span>o\u00f9 chacun sera libre sans ali\u00e9ner l\u2019autre,\u00a0 <\/span>o\u00f9 plus personne ne sera plus oblig\u00e9 d\u2019humilier ou de s\u2019humilier pour trouver sa place dans la cit\u00e9 des hommes.<\/span><\/i> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
Mais\u00a0 <\/span>la libert\u00e9 ne s\u2019octroie pas. Elle\u00a0 <\/span>s\u2019arrache et le prix d\u2019une citoyennet\u00e9 D\u00e9mocratique en souffrance humaine est h\u00e9las\u00a0 <\/span>tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Source\u00a0: Horizons Maghr\u00e9bins no 46- R\u00e9alit\u00e9s Tunisiennes 2002<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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FLASH INFOS<\/font>\u00a0<\/font> <\/div>\n
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* CHIFFRES<\/font><\/strong> – 15 par jour est le nombre de cigarettes que fume, en moyenne, chaque Tunisien. \u00a0 – 47.700 est le nombre de spectateurs qui ont pay\u00e9 leur billet pour assister, mercredi pass\u00e9 \u00e0 Rad\u00e8s, \u00e0 la rencontre internationale amicale Tunisie-France. \u00a0 (Source : Tunis Hebdo du 9 septembre 2002)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Hier, av\u00e8nement du mois de Rajeb<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/strong> Le mufti de la R\u00e9publique tunisienne annonce dans un communiqu\u00e9 que le lundi 9 septembre 2002 est le premier jour du mois de Rajeb 1423 de l’H\u00e9gire. \u00a0 (Source : Le Temps du 10 septembre 2002, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Modernisation des archives tunisiennes<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/strong> Apr\u00e8s avoir proc\u00e9d\u00e9 au traitement technique des fonds en sa possession selon les normes internationales et cr\u00e9\u00e9 des bases de donn\u00e9es destin\u00e9es \u00e0 faciliter aux chercheurs l’acc\u00e8s aux documents, l’institution des archives nationales a \u00e9labor\u00e9 un sch\u00e9ma directeur strat\u00e9gique d’informatique et a install\u00e9 un r\u00e9seau local d’informatique et un site web qui sera prochainement op\u00e9rationnel. Par ailleurs, les archives nationales se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 lancer une exp\u00e9rience de formation continue \u00e0 distance et \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des applications informatiques en gestion de documents suivant l’ordre chronologique et la mise sur pied d’un r\u00e9seau archivistique national. \u00a0 (Source : Le Temps du 10 septembre 2002, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Retour de Saadeddine Zmerli<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/strong>Apr\u00e8s Mohamed Mzali, ancien Premier ministre, revenu \u00e0 Tunis le 6 ao\u00fbt dernier apr\u00e8s un exil volontaire de seize ans, c’est au tour de Saadeddine Zmerli, membre fondateur et ancien pr\u00e9sident de la Ligue tunisienne des droits de l’homme (LTDH), d’effectuer, plus discr\u00e8tement, son retour au pays natal. \u00a0 \u00c0 la suite d’une exp\u00e9rience rat\u00e9e de collaboration avec le pouvoir entre 1989 et 1991 en tant que ministre de la Sant\u00e9 puis ambassadeur \u00e0 Berne, ce professeur de m\u00e9decine sp\u00e9cialiste en urologie a pris le large et s’est install\u00e9 en France o\u00f9 il a travaill\u00e9 dans un grand h\u00f4pital parisien et tout en assurant son mandat de vice-pr\u00e9sident de la Ligue internationale des droits de l’homme (LIDH). Saadeddine Zmerli envisage aujourd’hui de poursuivre ses activit\u00e9s professionnelles dans le priv\u00e9 \u00e0 Tunis. \u00a0 (Source : L’intelligent N\u00b02173 dat\u00e9 le 02\/09\/2002)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Baisse de revenus du tourisme apr\u00e8s l’attentat de Djerba<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TUNIS, 10 septembre (Reuters) – Les recettes tir\u00e9es du tourisme en Tunisie se sont mont\u00e9es \u00e0 950 millions de dollars entre janvier et ao\u00fbt derniers, soit une chute de 17%, en grande partie attribuable \u00e0 l’attentat suicide islamiste qui avait fait 21 morts, dont 14 Allemands, le 11 avril, devant la mosqu\u00e9e de Djerba. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L’industrie touristique tunisienne repr\u00e9sente plus de 17% des revenus en devises \u00e9trang\u00e8res du pays, apr\u00e8s l’agriculture. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Touch\u00e9e d\u00e9j\u00e0 par les cons\u00e9quences mondiales des attentats du 11 septembre aux Etats-Unis, la Tunisie a enregistr\u00e9 entre janvier et juillet de cette ann\u00e9e 2,7 millions d’entr\u00e9es contre 3,1 au cours de la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode de 2001. Il semble que ce soient principalement les touristes europ\u00e9ens et plus particuli\u00e8rement les Allemands, qui aient boud\u00e9 cette destination.\u00a0 \u00a0 REUTERS, le 10.09.2002 \u00e016h07<\/font> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
\u00c9CONOMIE : H\u00f4tellerie<\/font> Sol Melia se d\u00e9sengage de Tunisie.<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/strong> Frapp\u00e9 de plein fouet par la crise mondiale du tourisme, le groupe h\u00f4telier espagnol Sol Melia, a r\u00e9sili\u00e9, le 14 ao\u00fbt, son contrat de location du Mahdia Palace (un h\u00f4tel tunisien cinq \u00e9toiles), laissant une ardoise de 4,125 millions de dinars (3,1 millions d’euros). Le propri\u00e9taire tunisien de l’\u00e9tablissement, Nouri Chaabane, qui avait refus\u00e9 d’\u00eatre associ\u00e9 aux pertes, comme le lui demandait le groupe espagnol, a port\u00e9 plainte. \u00c0 Tunis, on se demande maintenant lesquels des neuf autres h\u00f4tels tunisiens g\u00e9r\u00e9s par Sol Melia vont subir le m\u00eame sort, une crainte justifi\u00e9e par le non-paiement des loyers mensuels de la plupart d’entre eux depuis juin. (Source : L’intelligent N\u00b02173 dat\u00e9 le 02\/09\/2002)<\/font> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 TUNISIE-CONTR\u00d4LE \u00c9CONOMIQUE<\/strong> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
19882 proc\u00e8s-verbaux dress\u00e9s pour 99410 visites d\u2019inspection<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 Les services du contr\u00f4le \u00e9conomique ont effectu\u00e9, entre le 1er juin et le 20 ao\u00fbt 2002, 99410 visites d\u2019inspection. \u00a0 Suite \u00e0 ces visites, 19882 proc\u00e8s-verbeux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dress\u00e9s et ont concern\u00e9 dans leur grande majorit\u00e9 les secteurs des fruits et l\u00e9gumes, de l\u2019alimentation et de la volaille. \u00a0 Concernant le d\u00e9tail des infractions enregistr\u00e9es, 3073 sont relatives \u00e0 des hausses ill\u00e9gales de prix, 6379 P.V. ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dress\u00e9s pour non pr\u00e9sentation des factures d\u2019achat et 6394 pour non affichage visible des prix. 1620 infractions ont concern\u00e9 les balances non r\u00e9glementaires. Pour le reste, soit 2355 infractions enregistr\u00e9es, elles sont relatives \u00e0 l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et la qualit\u00e9, aux produits dont l\u2019origine est inconnue, \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9 mensong\u00e8re, au refus de vendre, etc. \u00a0 (Source : Tunis Hebdo du 9 septembre 2002)<\/font> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Tunisia Stocks Week Ahead-Shares seen stalling at year low<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 TUNIS, Sept 9 (Reuters) – Tunisian stocks are expected to end the week to Friday little changed around the low for the year they reached on Monday, traders said. The stock market’s benchmark index Tunindex <.TUNINDEX> declined 0.84 percent to 1,124.31 points on Monday– its low mark for the year. Turnover was at 634,731 dinars from 397,938 dinars on Friday. Losers outpaced gainers 16 to one with 28 issues staying the same. \u00ab\u00a0We think the market has hit bottom and will stagnate in the coming sessions with no fresh news on the horizon,\u00a0\u00bb a broker said. Soft drinks company SFBT , the bourse’s largest capitalisation, was down 1.06 percent to 34.72 dinars on a trading value of 92,157 dinars. Telecommunications engineering firm Sotetel lost 2.97 percent to 29.4 dinars on turnover of 30,654 dinars. Sotetel had slumped 50 percent so far this year. Banks, which account for about half of the market’s capitalisation, were weaker or flat with Societe Tunisienne de Banque losing 1.08 percent at 9.20 dinars and Banque du Sud unchanged at 9.5 dinars in thin volumes. \u00a0 ——-TUNINDEX IN PERSPECTIVE———- Move on day -0.84 percent Year high 1,308.16 Year low 1,124,31 Change on yr -11.25 percent All time high 1,458.71 13 Sept 2000 All time low 905.74 22 July 1998 \u00a0 ($1= 1.370 dinar) \u00a0 REUTERS<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Tunisia tenders to sell fuel oil, buy gasoline<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 LONDON, Sept 9 (Reuters) – Tunisian state refiner STIR has issued two tenders to sell fuel oil and buy gasoline, traders said on Monday. They said one tender offered 40,000 tonnes of low sulphur straight run fuel oil for loading in the second half of September while the other sought 20,000 tonnes of unleaded gasoline for delivery during the same period. The tender closes on Tuesday and will be awarded later this week. \u00a0 REUTERS<\/font> \u00a0<\/font> <\/div>\n
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R\u00e9union du Conseil national du Parti social lib\u00e9ral<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
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09\/09\/2002– Le Conseil national du Parti social lib\u00e9ral (PSL) s’est tenu, dimanche \u00e0 Tunis. \u00a0 Dans une allocution \u00e0 l’ouverture des travaux du conseil, M. Mounir B\u00e9ji, pr\u00e9sident du parti, a exprim\u00e9 la fiert\u00e9 du Parti social lib\u00e9ral de sa contribution au r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum capital qui a permis de r\u00e9former la Constitution et qui jette les fondements de la R\u00e9publique de demain. \u00a0 Cette initiative importante, a-t-il relev\u00e9, s’inscrit dans le cadre de la d\u00e9marche r\u00e9formiste men\u00e9e, depuis l’av\u00e8nement du changement, par le Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali qui a plac\u00e9 la Tunisie sur la trajectoire de la modernit\u00e9, faisant remarquer que cette d\u00e9marche judicieuse va de pair avec le principal objectif du PSL visant \u00e0 moderniser le pays et \u00e0 promouvoir l’\u00e9difice d\u00e9mocratique. \u00a0 Il s’est f\u00e9licit\u00e9, par ailleurs, du saut qualitatif r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par la Tunisie aux plans \u00e9conomique et social, mettant l’accent, dans ce cadre, sur la conviction des militants de son parti que le Chef de l’Etat poursuivra l’oeuvre destin\u00e9e \u00e0 enraciner la d\u00e9mocratie dans les diff\u00e9rents rouages de l’Etat comme au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. \u00a0 Le pr\u00e9sident du PSL a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 l’engagement du parti, en tant qu’acteur de le vie politique, \u00e0 combattre toutes les formes d’extr\u00e9misme et de r\u00e9action. \u00a0 Apr\u00e8s avoir mis l’accent sur l’adh\u00e9sion du PSL \u00e0 la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re men\u00e9e par le Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, M. Mounir B\u00e9ji a soulign\u00e9 le soutien de son parti \u00e0 la lutte du peuple palestinien, sous la conduite du Pr\u00e9sident Yasser Arafat, contre l’ennemi sioniste et son appui au peuple irakien fr\u00e8re qui fait face aux menaces qui lui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9es. \u00a0 D’autre part, M. Mounir B\u00e9ji a exprim\u00e9 l’attachement de son parti \u00e0 l’identit\u00e9 arabo-islamique et \u00e0 l’\u00e9dification de l’Union du Maghreb Arabe au service des int\u00e9r\u00eats des peuples maghr\u00e9bins. Par ailleurs, un d\u00e9bat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral s’est instaur\u00e9 sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’harmoniser les vues et les objectifs et de poursuivre l’oeuvre en vue d’enraciner le pluralisme politique dans le pays. \u00a0 Le d\u00e9bat a port\u00e9 \u00e9galement sur l’adh\u00e9sion du Conseil national \u00e0la d\u00e9cision du bureau politique de d\u00e9signer M. Mounir B\u00e9ji comme candidat du PSL \u00e0 la prochaine \u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle. \u00a0 (Source : www.infotunisie.com )<\/font><\/font> <\/div>\n
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La derni\u00e8re VENGEANCE !<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 R\u00e9cemment, dans une ville du Sahel (dont nous tairons le nom) et alors qu\u2019une c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de mariage touchait, apr\u00e8s minuit, \u00e0 sa fin, la mari\u00e9e qui s\u2019appr\u00eatait \u00e0 quitter les lieuxdemanda \u00e0 ses demoiselles d\u2019honneur si elles voulaient bien… pi\u00e9tiner la tra\u00eene de sa robe, pour l\u2019esquinter. Aucune n\u2019obtemp\u00e9ra, car celles qui savaient la vraie raison pass\u00e8rent le message aux autres. Et la raison est que la mari\u00e9e avait eu des d\u00e9m\u00eal\u00e9s avec la propri\u00e9taire de la robe. \u00a0 De plus, la robe \u00e9tait trop belle pour \u00eatre pi\u00e9tin\u00e9e ! Mais la mari\u00e9e, espi\u00e8gle et sournoise \u00e0 souhait, sut trouver la bonne \u201cmotivation\u201d pour inciter les demoiselles d\u2019honneur \u00e0 passer \u00e0 l\u2019acte. Elle leur d\u00e9clara que les us, coutumes et traditions disaient que \u201ctoutes celles qui pi\u00e9tinent la tra\u00eene de la robe d\u2019une mari\u00e9e, se marieraient avant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e…\u201d Et elle eut \u201cgain de cause\u201d. Du coup, toutes les demoiselles d\u2019honneur y all\u00e8rent de leurs \u201ctalons\u201d en aiguille… \u00a0 (Source : Tunis Hebdo du 9 septembre 2002)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
DEN-DEN Afin d\u2019\u00e9migrer, ils tuent un bijoutier<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 Les habitants de la localit\u00e9 de Den-Den s\u2019\u00e9taient r\u00e9veill\u00e9s ce vendredi l\u00e0 sur la nouvelle de la mort de \u00abAm Hattab\u00bb, le bijoutier du coin, trouv\u00e9 dans son magasin gisant dans son sang, victime de plusieurs coups de couteau. \u00a0 L\u2019affaire remonte au jeudi 22 ao\u00fbt, dans la nuit, quand deux \u00e9l\u00e8ves en qu\u00eate d\u2019argent pour financer une op\u00e9ration clandestine d\u2019\u00e9migration, d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent d\u2019attaquer une bijouterie dans laquelle son propri\u00e9taire y veille souvent tard. \u00a0 En se pr\u00e9sentant devant la boutique, les deux malfaiteurs feignirent d\u2019acheter un bijou aper\u00e7u dans la vitrine. \u00a0 Et pendant que le pauvre bijoutier s\u2019appr\u00eatait \u00e0 ouvrir ladite vitrine, l\u2019un des deux meurtriers lui ass\u00e9na deux coups de couteau alors que le second l\u2019immobilisa en l\u2019\u00e9treignant. \u00a0 Victime de dix-sept coups de couteau, dont sept au niveau du c\u0153ur, le bijoutier succomba \u00e0 ses blessures. \u00a0 Les deux assaillants ramass\u00e8rent tous les bijoux qu\u2019ils trouv\u00e8rent \u00e0 leur port\u00e9e et la somme de deux mille dinars puis quitt\u00e8rent les lieux. \u00a0 Seulement, tout cela se passa sous les yeux d\u2019un des voisins de Am Hattab qui alerta la police. \u00a0 Munis d\u2019une photo de l\u2019un des agresseurs que le t\u00e9moin reconnut de suite, les agents charg\u00e9s de l\u2019enqu\u00eate en collaboration avec leurs coll\u00e8gues de Hammamet l\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e8rent apr\u00e8s un traquenard tendu \u00e0 cet effet. \u00a0 Quant au second, il fut livr\u00e9 \u00e0 la police par son propre oncle et reconnut son m\u00e9fait, tout comme son complice ; le butin a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 entre temps. \u00a0 (Source : Tunis Hebdo du 9 septembre 2002)<\/font> \u00a0 FERMETURES !<\/font><\/strong> Le \u201cCotton club\u201d de Gammarth et le \u201cCalypso\u201d de Hammamet, deux discoth\u00e8ques en vogue et fort fr\u00e9quent\u00e9es par nos jeunes, viennent d\u2019\u00eatre provisoirement ferm\u00e9es par d\u00e9cision administrative. \u00a0 Motif invoqu\u00e9 quant \u00e0 ces fermetures : lesdits \u00e9tablissements auraient laiss\u00e9 des jeunes de moins de dix-huit ans acc\u00e9der \u00e0 leurs locaux et aurait fait preuve de laxisme au niveau des dispositifs d\u2019acc\u00e8s install\u00e9s aux portes. \u00a0 Il est \u00e0 noter que bon nombre de mineurs usent de multiples subterfuges pour entrer dans les bo\u00eetes de nuit, dont la falsification de cartes d\u2019identit\u00e9 scolaires. \u00a0 Par ailleurs, un horaire de fermeture a \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9 \u00e0 toutes les discoth\u00e8ques \u00e0 travers le pays. D\u00e9sormais, leurs g\u00e9rants devront inviter leur client\u00e8le \u00e0 quitter les lieux au plus tard \u00e0 quatre heures du matin. \u00a0 (Source : Tunis Hebdo du 9 septembre 2002) <\/font>\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
\u201cPOUP\u00c9ES D\u2019ARGILE\u201d Quand Nouri Bouzid renoue avec la maturit\u00e9 !<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00abPoup\u00e9es d\u2019argile\u00bb, le titre pourrait \u00e9voquer, encore, une histoire de femmes \u2014sujet f\u00e9tiche de nos r\u00e9alisateurs\u2014, cependant il signifie tout autre chose : que nous ne sommes pas des surhommes, juste des \u00eatres humains, faits de chair et de sang, avec nos points forts et nos faiblesses. \u00a0 \u00abPoup\u00e9es d\u2019argile\u00bb, le nouveau film de Nouri Bouzid que nous avons visionn\u00e9 le jeudi 29 ao\u00fbt \u00e0 Hammamet, semble renouer avec l\u2019esprit que le r\u00e9alisateur a su donner \u00e0 \u00abL\u2019homme de cendres\u00bb et aux \u00abSabots en Or\u00bb, et qui avait disparu avec \u00abBezness\u00bb et \u00abBent familia\u00bb. \u00a0 Avec son cinqui\u00e8me long-m\u00e9trage, Nouri Bouzid renoue, donc, avec la maturit\u00e9. Aucune sc\u00e8ne d\u00e9plac\u00e9e ni d\u00e9nud\u00e9e, mais les sentiments humains sont mis \u00e0 nu, les personnages sont montr\u00e9s tels qu\u2019ils sont, sans masque et \u00e0 cru. \u00a0 Pourtant, au d\u00e9but, nous n\u2019avons rien ressenti pour le film, mais, petit \u00e0 petit, des images se sont d\u00e9voil\u00e9es \u00e0 nous, s\u2019acheminant, comme des vers de terre s\u2019emparant d\u2019un corps sans vie, au fond de notre pens\u00e9e et nous poussant \u00e0 la r\u00e9flexion. \u00a0 Omrane est \u00abcolporteur\u00bb de filles qu\u2019il emm\u00e8ne dans la capitale pour servir de bonnes dans les maisons. De retour au \u00abdouar\u00bb, il prend deux filles dont Feddhah, neuf ans. Mais avant de repartir, il est accost\u00e9 par la m\u00e8re de Rebeh, qui attend le salaire de sa fille. \u00a0 Rebeh serait-elle une fille perdue ? A Tunis, Omrane se met \u00e0 la recherche de celle-ci et place les deux autres filles dans des familles. \u00a0 D\u00e8s qu\u2019il met la main sur Rebeh, tout s\u2019enclenche. Omrane cherche \u00e0 fuir sa vie en retournant vers sa personne. Rebeh, elle, cherche la fuite en avant, ext\u00e9rieurement. Omrane et Rebeh s\u2019opposent mais se compl\u00e8tent aussi. \u00a0 Et Feddhah dans tout \u00e7a ? Ne pouvant supporter la famille pour laquelle elle travaille, elle s\u2019enfuit pour retrouver Omrane. Elle sera le lien invisible entre celui-ci et Rebeh, comme une petite fille entre papa et maman. \u00a0 Nouri Bouzid a-t-il trouv\u00e9 ses acteurs f\u00e9tiches entre Ahmed Hafiane (Omrane), pour qui nous avons toujours eu un petit penchant, et qui explose \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cran, et Hend Sabri (Rebeh) qui allie charme et talent ? \u00a0 Quant \u00e0 Oumeya Ben Hafsia, graine de star, elle a les mimiques de maman Na\u00efma J\u00e9ni et le regard de papa Mongi Ben Hafsia. \u00a0 Zouhour HARBAOUI <\/font><\/strong>\u00a0 (Source : Tunis Hebdo du 9 septembre 2002)<\/font><\/font> <\/div>\n
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\u00a0Associated Press, le 10.09.2002 \u00e0 06h45 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Nine members elected to U.N. human rights panel<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UNITED NATIONS (AP) _ Nine members were elected to a U.N. human rights panel monitoring the implementation of an international treaty on civil and political liberties, including an American, a Swiss, a Pole and a Panamanian. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Those re-elected Monday to the 18-person Human Rights Committee were Abdelfattah Amor of Tunisia<\/font><\/strong>, Nisuke Ando of Japan, Prafullachandra Bhagwati of India, Christine Chanet of France and Hipolito Slari Yrigoyen of Argentina. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New members elected were Ruth Wedgewood of the United States, Walter Kalin of Switzerland, Roman Wieruszewski of Poland and Alfredo Castillero Hoyos of Panama. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ukraine’s U.N. Ambassador Valery Kuchinsky was chosen as the committee’s chairman. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The committee monitors implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, considered by many scholars and international lawyers to be one of the most important international human rights treaties. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The new members were elected Monday at a meeting of the parties to the treaty, which was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in 1966. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It states that all peoples have the right to life, liberty, security, freedom of religion, _expression and movement, and self-determination. It also prohibits torture, cruel or degrading punishment, propaganda for war, or advocacy of national, racial and religious hatred. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The newly elected committee members begin their four-year terms on Jan. 1. They meet three times a year in New York and in Geneva. \u00a0 Associated Press \u00a0<\/font> <\/div>\n
Reuters, le 10.09.2002 \u00e0 05h52 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Nine legal experts elected to UN rights committee<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UNITED NATIONS, Sept 9 (Reuters) –\u00a0 Nine legal experts were elected on Monday to a U.N. General Assembly panel that monitors and interprets a treaty on civil and political rights, the main global human rights pact. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The nine, in order of votes, are: Prafullachandra Bhagwati of India, Nisuke Ando of Japan, Walter Kalin of Switzerland, Christine Chanet of France, Abdelfattah Amor of Tunisia<\/font><\/strong>, Hipolito Slari Yrigoyen of Argentina, Ruth Wedgwood of the United States, Roman Wieruszewski of Poland and Alfredo Castillero Hoyos of Panama. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The treaty, called the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, is among six human rights conventions, three of which the United States has ratified, including one on torture and another on racism. Washington has not signed on to treaties on discrimination against women, children’s rights and social and economic rights. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Wedgwood is a Yale University international law professor. The other U.S. expert on these monitoring bodies is Felice Gaer from the Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights, who monitors the torture treaty.\u00a0 \u00a0 REUTERS<\/font> <\/div>\n
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<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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\u00a0 <\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/font> <\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/p>\n
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\u0648\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0643\u0628\u0634 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a.<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640 11 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u0623 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2002) <\/font><\/o:p> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Le Mot de la Fin <\/font><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/font>CHRONIQUETTE de Tahar FAZA\u00c2<\/font> <\/font>LE MEZOUD <\/font> <\/font><\/div>\n
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Dans les ann\u00e9es cinquante, le flux continu de l’exode rural pousse les limites de la ville de Tunis \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur de la deuxi\u00e8me ceinture des remparts vers : Tayarat, Bir Kleb, Mellassine, Sabkha, Hofret Guerrich, El Korbosli, Bordj Ali Ra\u00efs, Dubosville, La Cagna, Garjouma, Kabbaria et Jebel Lahmar, o\u00f9 vont pousser comme des champignons les gourbis en pis\u00e9 et les baraquements en t\u00f4les. Dans ces bidonvilles s’entassaient des familles venues de toutes parts de l’int\u00e9rieur du pays. Elles constitueront d\u00e9sormais un terrain fertile pour la propagation du Mezoued spectacle \u00e0 bon march\u00e9 et fonctionnant sur le principe du \u201cdon\u201d (Rechk). \u00a0 Dans ce nouveau \u201cmonde\u201d, chacun veut refaire une nouvelle vie avec de nouvelles valeurs et une nouvelle \u201cTribu\u201d. De Ayari, Mejri, Dridi, Hammami, Ferchichi, Hammi, Zlassi, ils vont devenir ould El Mellassine ou Ould Jebel Lahmar. Les valeurs de bravoure n’ont plus pour mod\u00e8les Daghbagi ou Ben Ghedhahem, mais Chouerreb, Dallou\u00e2a, Baguech, Habib Zorro et autres Hamadi Tarzan. Les gosses auront des sobriquets nouveaux tels Bikinini, Moghormay, Kassidy, Eddeb. Les villages sont ray\u00e9s de la m\u00e9moire des adultes, ils n’auront pas de place dans celle des enfants. \u00a0 \u2026Le d\u00e9veloppement des technologies bon march\u00e9 des appareils et supports d’enregistrement sonores constituera un facteur de rapprochement entre les producteurs et les consommateurs de la chanson du mezoued. \u00a0 \u2026Aujourd’hui, la promenade dans les rues de nos villes, les souks, march\u00e9s hebdomadaires de l’int\u00e9rieur, est une v\u00e9ritable gal\u00e8re sonore. Du rap au ra\u00ef, du rock hard et soft \u00e0 la techno, du charki au mezoued, de la chababia \u00e0 Fatma Boussaha. Malgr\u00e9 tout le sang-froid dont nous pouvons nous armer, nous ne pouvons pas \u00e9viter les questions lancinantes qui nous taraudent : est-ce cela que nous allons l\u00e9guer aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures et \u00e0 nos enfants ? \u00a0 Ali Sa\u00efdane \u00a0 Extrait de \u201cAutrement\u201d, suppl\u00e9ment culturel hebdomadaire du Renouveau n\u00ba 10 et 11 – Janvier 2000.<\/font> <\/div>\n
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TUNISNEWS est une liste de diffusion \u00e9lectronique ind\u00e9pendante sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les affaires tunisiennes. Elle est publi\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’aide pr\u00e9cieuse de l’association : <\/o:p> <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
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Tous les articles qui ne sont pas sign\u00e9s clairement par \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019\u00e9quipe TUNISNEWS\u00a0\u00bb n\u2019expriment pas les points de vue de la r\u00e9daction. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n
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\n\u00a0 <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n <\/body><\/body><\/html><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Accueil \u00a0 \u00a0 TUNISNEWS 3\u00e8me ann\u00e9e, N\u00b0\u00a0845 du 10.09.2002 \u00a0archives : http:\/\/site.voila.fr\/archivtn LES TITRES DE CE JOUR: \u00a0 Dr Moncef Marzouki: Promouvoir la\u00a0 citoyennet\u00e9 dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de sujets Infotunisie: R\u00e9union du Conseil national du Parti social lib\u00e9ral \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649 : \u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 : \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 . […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[61,33,30,29],"class_list":["post-20645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-61","tag-33","tag-ar","tag-fr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20645"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20645\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}