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Info Tunisie: Le Chef de l’Etat re\u00e7oit un message de f\u00e9licitations de la pr\u00e9sidente du Centre international de la culture et des droits de l’Homme <\/div>\n
\u00ab Commentaires \u00bb: Le vrai rallye de la femme tunisienne<\/font> Tahar Ben Hassine: A propos du martyrisme des islamistes tunisiens… <\/div>\n
Reuters: Many of Egypt’s Muslim women turn to the veil<\/font> Debat sur les pages de L\u2019Intelligent: : Le Coran est-il un livre de violence ? <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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<\/font> <\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
\n
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\n
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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/span><\/font><\/b><\/u> \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u00a0 <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 . <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a :<\/span><\/font><\/b><\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n
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5) \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 :<\/u><\/font><\/b><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/font> <\/div>\n
\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
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\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/strong>S<\/font>olidarit\u00e9 Tunisienne<\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/font> <\/p>\n
\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 C<\/font><\/span><\/font>omit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense des prisonniers politique en Tunisie<\/font> <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/font> <\/p>\n
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\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a 9 \u0645\u0627\u064a 1991<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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<\/font> <\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
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FLASH INFOS<\/font> <\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/div>\n
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Le prix du fer grimpe<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
Le fer et alliages (aciers, fontes) et les semiproduits sid\u00e9rurgiques (t\u00f4les et profil\u00e9s divers) ont connu ces derniers temps une hausse sensible des prix. La hausse \u00e0 l’importation en Tunisie de ces produits a atteint cette ann\u00e9e la fourchette de 28 \u00e0 32%. \u00a0 Les produits fabriqu\u00e9s chez nous (essentiellement la ferronnerie telle que les fers ronds \u00e0 b\u00e9ton, les fers carr\u00e9s, les fers rectangulaires, utilis\u00e9s dans les travaux de ma\u00e7onnerie ou de fer forg\u00e9) n’ont augment\u00e9 que de l’ordre de 5 \u00e0 8%. \u00a0 (Source: Le Temps du 5 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font><\/font> <\/div>\n
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Ch\u00e8que postal : Nouveaut\u00e9s \u00e0 la poste<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
La poste tunisienne poursuit sa mise \u00e0 niveau. Il faut dire et reconna\u00eetre que ce secteur d’activit\u00e9s a connu une r\u00e9elle \u00e9volution touchant tous les aspects de la propret\u00e9 et la modernit\u00e9 des locaux \u00e0 un meilleur accueil du public ou \u00e0 la modernisation des moyens de travail. \u00a0 Parmi ces aspects qui viennent de conna\u00eetre un changement qualitatif, on doit signaler le ch\u00e8que postal. Ce damier rev\u00eat, d\u00e9sormais, un caract\u00e8re commercial comme n’importe quel ch\u00e8que d\u00e9livr\u00e9 pas les banques. A ce titre, le carnet de ch\u00e8ques a \u00e9t\u00e9 relook\u00e9 devenant plus moderne et plus clair. Ensuite la poste a introduit le ch\u00e8que-volant. D\u00e9sormais, les titulaires de comptes postaux peuvent se pr\u00e9senter devant n’importe quel guichet de poste et utiliser ce genre de ch\u00e8que. \u00a0 (Source: Tuni sHebdo du 5 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Bl\u00e9 : le taux de production le plus bas depuis 55 ans<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
Les statistiques officielles indiquent que les importations de bl\u00e9 durant les dix derni\u00e8rs mois ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 35% en comparaison avec les chiffres de l’ann\u00e9e 2001. La valeur totale des importations a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 377 millions de dinars. \u00a0 Le d\u00e9ficit de la production durant la saison 2001-2002 a atteint le niveau le plus bas depuis 55 ans soit un manque de 490 000 tonnes. \u00a0 (Source: Assabah du 5 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 AFP, le 06.01.2003 \u00e0 11h14 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Mondial-2010 – Six pays africains candidats \u00e0 l’organisation<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0ZURICH (Suisse), 6 jan (AFP) – L’Egypte, la Libye, le Maroc, le\u00a0 Nigeria, l’Afrique du Sud et la Tunisie ont officiellement fait acte\u00a0 de candidature pour organiser le Mondial-2010 de football qui aura\u00a0 lieu pour la premi\u00e8re fois en Afrique, a-t-on appris lundi aupr\u00e8s de\u00a0 la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration internationale (FIFA). \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La date-limite du d\u00e9p\u00f4t des candidatures \u00e9tait fix\u00e9e au 31\u00a0 d\u00e9cembre 2002 et le Nigeria et la Tunisie ont attendu le dernier\u00a0 moment, le 30 d\u00e9cembre, pour faire part de leur d\u00e9cision. \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L’Afrique du Sud, qui a \u00e9chou\u00e9 de justesse pour organiser la\u00a0 Coupe du monde 2006, confi\u00e9e \u00e0 l’Allemagne, s’est inscrite la\u00a0 premi\u00e8re le 5 novembre, et a \u00e9t\u00e9 suivie par le Maroc (13 novembre),\u00a0 la Libye (2 d\u00e9cembre) et l’Egypte (16 d\u00e9cembre). \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La d\u00e9cision de limiter les candidatures aux pays africains avait\u00a0 \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par le Comit\u00e9 Ex\u00e9cutif de la FIFA lors de sa s\u00e9ance du\u00a0 23 septembre 2002 \u00e0 Zurich, dans le cadre du processus de rotation\u00a0 de la Coupe du monde. \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les six f\u00e9d\u00e9rations candidates recevront le cahier des charges\u00a0 r\u00e9actualis\u00e9 d’ici le 31 janvier 2003 et auront jusqu’au 30 avril\u00a0 2003 pour confirmer ou retirer officiellement leur d\u00e9claration\u00a0 d’intention. \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les associations nationales qui confirmeront leur candidature\u00a0 auront ensuite jusqu’au 31 ao\u00fbt 2003 pour pr\u00e9senter leur dossier de\u00a0 candidature \u00e0 la FIFA. \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dans les mois suivants, la FIFA inspectera les diff\u00e9rents sites\u00a0 et un rapport sera remis au Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif en avril 2004, soit un\u00a0 mois avant la d\u00e9signation finale du pays organisateur de la Coupe du\u00a0 monde 2010 qui r\u00e9unira 32 \u00e9quipes.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AFP<\/font>\u00a0 <\/p>\n
La Tunisie croit en la reprise de sa fr\u00e9quentation touristique<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TUNIS, 2 janviers (Reuters) – En baisse de 12% l’an dernier, du fait principalement de l’attentat suicide contre la synagogue de Djerba, qui avait fait en avril 21 morts, dont 14 touristes allemands, le tourisme en Tunisie devrait retrouver cette ann\u00e9e un rythme de croissance de 15%, estime-t-on jeudi de source gouvernementale \u00e0 Tunis. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L’ann\u00e9e 2003 devrait engendrer un revenu de 1,72 milliards de dollars avec la venue pr\u00e9vue de 5,5 millions de touristes, soit 100.000 de plus qu’en 2001, pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente ann\u00e9e record pour ce pays dont 17% des rentr\u00e9es en devises proviennent du tourisme.\u00a0 \u00a0 Reuters, le 02.01.2003 \u00e0 15h18<\/font>\u00a0<\/font> <\/div>\n
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La signora Gaetana Pace persiste ..et signe !!<\/font> \u00a0<\/strong> <\/div>\n
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Le Chef de l’Etat re\u00e7oit un message de f\u00e9licitations de la pr\u00e9sidente du Centre international de la culture et des droits de l’Homme<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/div>\n
06\/01\/2003– Le Pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a re\u00e7u du Centre international de la culture et des droits de l’Homme, bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Rome, un message dans lequel la pr\u00e9sidente de cet organisme international, Mme Gaetana Pace, se f\u00e9licite de l’adoption, par l’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations-Unies, de la proposition tunisienne en faveur de la cr\u00e9ation d’un Fonds Mondial de Solidarit\u00e9. \u00a0 Dans ce message, Mme Pace exprime au Chef de l’Etat ses f\u00e9licitations pour son engagement profond en faveur de ce projet, soulignant que cette cons\u00e9cration internationale constitue un \u00e9v\u00e9nement historique \u00e0 travers lequel la Tunisie s’illustre en tant que pays d’avant-garde dans la lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9 et pour la promotion sociale de tous les peuples.<\/font> \u00a0 <\/strong>(Source : www.infotunisie.com )<\/font> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 338 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 4 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/span><\/font> <\/span>\u0644\u0643\u0646<\/span> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/span> <\/span>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/span> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/span> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/font> <\/span>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/span> <\/span>2003 <\/span>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a<\/span> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a<\/span> <\/span><\/font>\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2003)<\/font> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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<\/strong>LE VRAI RALLYE DE LA FEMME TUNISIENNE<\/font><\/font><\/h4>\n
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Par : \u00ab Commentaires \u00bb<\/strong><\/font> \u00a0 Un hommage s\u2019adresserait plut\u00f4t aux centaines de milliers de femmes tunisiennes qui font tous les jours et en moyenne des vingtaines de kilom\u00e8tres \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 dos d\u2019\u00e2ne pour chercher l\u2019eau et ou couper le bois pour le chauffage domestique dans les r\u00e9gions montagneuses du Nord-ouest tunisien du 21 \u00e8me si\u00e8cle. \u00a0 S\u2019il faut rendre hommage ce serait pour ces femmes anonymes d\u00e9pourvues de tout financement public (de l\u2019ATCE, du minist\u00e8re du tourisme ou de que sais-je) qui souffrent quotidiennement des t\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res dans les r\u00e9gions montagneuses d\u00e9laiss\u00e9es depuis l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance (selon le rapport 2002 de la Banque Mondiale dans le cadre du projet de d\u00e9veloppement des zones montagneuses et bois\u00e9es du nord-ouest NMFAD (Northwest Mountainous and Forestry Areas Development Project : \u00a0 je cite \u00ab les conditions socio-\u00e9conomiques du nord-ouest de la Tunisie restent plus difficiles dans cette r\u00e9gion que dans beaucoup d\u2019autres parties du pays, d\u2019une part, \u00e0 cause des conditions difficiles qui r\u00e8gnent dans cette zone agro-\u00e9cologique et, d\u2019autre part, des carences qui continuent de caract\u00e9riser les infrastructures et les services d\u2019appui publics \u00bb) . S\u2019il y a lieu de s\u2019enorgueillir de la femme tunisienne arabe et berb\u00e8re ce serait celle qui se pr\u00e9senterait comme candidate \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence de la r\u00e9publique en 2004 ou \u00e0 la limite elle deviendrait une astronaute. Mais dans tous les cas, je ne rendrai pas hommage \u00e0 ces trois femmes-tunisiennes, qui font plus que parader dans ce rallye Paris-Dakar o\u00f9 l\u2019endurance, la r\u00e9sistance, etc\u2026 pour ne pas dire la masculanit\u00e9, sont des exigences primaires des comp\u00e9titeurs. Ainsi, je ne rendrai pas hommage \u00e0 ces trois participantes tunisiennes alibi du r\u00e9gime de ben ali. Tunis le 6\/01\/2003 \u00a0 (Publi\u00e9 sur le forum tunezine le 06-01-2003 \u00e0 08:47) <\/font>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/div>\n
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POLEMIQUE \u2026Suite <\/font><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/p>\n
A propos du martyrisme des islamistes tunisiens<\/font><\/h4>\n
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Les th\u00eames de propagande d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par nos compatriotes du mouvement islamiste s’affinent de jour en jour autour de deux principaux axes :<\/font> <\/p>\n
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Nous sommes islamistes et d\u00e9mocrates \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re,<\/font> <\/li>\n
Le mouvement d\u00e9mocratique tunisien a cautionn\u00e9 la r\u00e9pression subie par les islamistes et est en partie responsable de nos malheurs avec le r\u00e9gime de Ben Ali<\/font><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
A d\u00e9faut de d\u00e9masquer le subterfuge de ces deux th\u00eames de propagande, cela risque de \u00ab\u00a0prendre\u00a0\u00bb, et des jeunes de bonne foi peuvent sinc\u00e8rement y croire.<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
L’article r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 sur le Net par Somaya ben salah, sous le titre \u00ab\u00a0CESSER L\u2019HYPOCRISIE !\u00a0\u00bb, constitue une synth\u00e8se de ces deux axes de propagande et m\u00e9rite donc, \u00e0 ce titre, et non par une quelconque profondeur d’analyse ou nouveaut\u00e9, quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments de r\u00e9ponse. L’auteur commence, insidieusement, \u00e0 monter les composantes de ce qu’elle appelle \u00ab\u00a0opposition laique\u00a0\u00bb et que j’appellerai tout simplement opposition d\u00e9mocratique, les unes contre les autres. Ainsi, le communiqu\u00e9 du juge Mokhtar Yahyaoui en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une interpr\u00e9tation de la position des partis politiques tunisiens, serait une r\u00e9volte de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile contre \u00ab\u00a0une certaine frange de l’opposition laique tunisienne\u00a0\u00bb. Elle aurait m\u00eame souhait\u00e9 que le juge ne s’arr\u00eate pas \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 mi chemin\u00a0\u00bb et qu’il aille jusqu’\u00e0 d\u00e9noncer \u00ab\u00a0l’apartheid\u00a0\u00bb! Elle continue \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9lirer\u00a0\u00bb encore quelque temps pour en arriver \u00e0 d\u00e9noncer une \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9rive laique\u00a0\u00bb qui consisterait \u00e0 pr\u00e9tendre \u00ab\u00a0les d\u00e9mocrates c\u2019est nous, les nouveaux gardiens du temple c\u2019est encore nous ! Les autres sont les hypocrites…\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>. Sharia et d\u00e9mocratie sont contradictoires<\/b> L’auteur cache mal l’ulc\u00e9ration du mouvement Ennahdha des r\u00e9centes clarifications publi\u00e9es par les partis politiques, sur l’impossibilit\u00e9 d’une quelconque alliance avec le mouvement islamiste tunisien, du moins tel qu’il est \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent. Notre compatriote doit savoir que les d\u00e9mocrates tunisiens sont les premiers \u00e0 regretter une telle situation, car ils se trouvent de ce fait priv\u00e9s d’un alli\u00e9 potentiel non n\u00e9gligeable dans la lutte contre la dictature. Mais malheureusement, on ne peut pas lutter contre une dictature avec les germes d’une autre dictature. Ce que l’opposition d\u00e9mocratique affirme est clair : tant que le mouvement islamiste tunisien r\u00e9clame l’application de la Sharia, oeuvre des hommes et nullement fondement de l’islam et fruit d’une histoire d\u00e9pass\u00e9e, il ne peut logiquement pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 une quelconque qualification d\u00e9mocratique. La Sharia contredit les principes d\u00e9mocratiques les plus \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires et s’en r\u00e9clamer ou r\u00e9clamer son application revient \u00e0 nier toute d\u00e9mocratie. Ce n’est ni plus ni moins que cela. L’islam n’est pas l’int\u00e9grisme islamique<\/b> Vient ensuite l’amalgame, cher aux islamistes, entre pratiquants et int\u00e9gristes militants. Ainsi, ceux qui croupissent dans les prisons et dont nous n’avons cess\u00e9 de r\u00e9clamer la lib\u00e9ration, seraient de simples pratiquants. \u00ab\u00a0Depuis combien d\u2019ann\u00e9es que nos pauvres citoyens pratiquants souffrent dans les prisons et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur \u00ab\u00a0<\/i>. Non, ch\u00e8re compatriote, ceux qui croupissent en prison ne sont pas de simples pratiquants, ce sont des militants int\u00e9gristes qui luttent pour l’instauration d’un Khalifat islamique (pr\u00e9tendument appel\u00e9 r\u00e9publique islamique, comble du non-sens). Des dizaines de ma famille sont pratiquants et aucun d’eux n’est en prison et ils sont dans leur tr\u00e8s grande majorit\u00e9 contre votre \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9publique islamique\u00a0\u00bb. Au niveau de la propagation de cet amalgame, le r\u00e9gime de M. Ben Ali vous aide \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d’ailleurs, car s’il y avait libert\u00e9 d’_expression et de r\u00e9union dans le pays, vous ne pourrez plus continuer longtemps \u00e0 semer la confusion entre pratiquant et islamiste. Notre compatriote attaque ensuite sur le registre de la culpabilisation : \u00a0\u00bb Depuis combien de lunes des \u00eatre humains sont tortur\u00e9s, bless\u00e9s et m\u00eame tu\u00e9s dans ces ge\u00f4les ? et nous n\u2019avons jamais entendu ou vu un certain Mr Tahar Ben Hassine ou son maitre de pens\u00e9e Mr Charfi se lamentaient sur le sort de ces concitoyens…<\/i>. Les faits ont la \u00ab\u00a0t\u00eate dure\u00a0\u00bb ch\u00e8re compatriote. Il suffit de vous rappeler un seul instant ce que faisait Charfi \u00e0 la t\u00eate de la LTDH depuis 1979. Les positions de la ligue dont Charfi \u00e9tait l’un des fondateurs et dirigeants sont toujours l\u00e0. Il suffit de les consulter pour vous faire taire \u00e0 jamais. Ceci sans oublier que Charfi, Ben Hassine et des centaines de leurs camarades ont \u00e9t\u00e9 eux-m\u00eames tortur\u00e9s, bless\u00e9s, emprisonn\u00e9s et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pendant des ann\u00e9es. Et l\u00e0, je vous met au d\u00e9fi de vous pr\u00e9valoir d’une seule position de protestation de la part du mouvement int\u00e9griste tunisien. Le mouvement d\u00e9mocratique ne peut pas soutenir politiquement l’islamisme<\/b> Toujours sur le registre de la culpabilisation, notre compatriote nous accuse d’avoir presque cautionn\u00e9 ce qu’elle appelle la \u00ab\u00a0grande nuit\u00a0\u00bb. Au fait, elle voulait peut \u00eatre parler du \u00ab\u00a0grand soir\u00a0\u00bb r\u00eav\u00e9 par son ma\u00eetre \u00e0 penser Ghannouchi. Car l\u00e0 aussi, les faits ont la \u00ab\u00a0t\u00eate dure\u00a0\u00bb. Le mouvement Ennahdha a tent\u00e9 de prendre le pouvoir par la violence <\/b>. M\u00eame avec des mots \u00e9dulcor\u00e9s et une analyse sp\u00e9cieuse, Ghannouchi le reconna\u00eet lui-m\u00eame. Relisez donc l’opuscule publi\u00e9 par Ennahdha \u00e0 l’occasion du 15\u00e8me anniversaire de sa constitution, sous le titre \u00ab\u00a0Le\u00e7ons du pass\u00e9, probl\u00e9matiques du pr\u00e9sent et perspectives d’avenir\u00a0\u00bb, sous la plume de Ghannouchi lui-m\u00eame. Il est explicitement \u00e9crit, en page 17 que \u00ab\u00a0…face \u00e0 l’acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des \u00e9v\u00e8nements…le plan a pris un caract\u00e8re actif et offensif et le slogan de d\u00e9sob\u00e9issance a \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9 par celui de r\u00e9union des conditions pour imposer les libert\u00e9s…\u00a0\u00bb<\/b>. C’est tr\u00e8s \u00ab\u00a0diplomatique\u00a0\u00bb, tr\u00e8s \u00ab\u00a0soft\u00a0\u00bb, mais que peut bien signifier, pour un mouvement organis\u00e9 sur des bases th\u00e9ocratiques comme Ennahdha, \u00ab\u00a0passer de la d\u00e9sob\u00e9issance \u00e0 la r\u00e9union des conditions pour imposer les libert\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb?. Et Ghannouchi reconna\u00eet bien que \u00ab\u00a0l’incident\u00a0\u00bb, et que j’appellerai plut\u00f4t le crime horrible de Bab Souikha, est bien l’oeuvre de \u00ab\u00a0jeunes islamistes\u00a0\u00bb. Et Qui aspergeait d’acide le visage et les jambes des filles non voil\u00e9es? Qui occupait, brulait, saccageait durant plus d’un an, les lyc\u00e9es, \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s sans aucune revendication politique ou syndicale?. Comment interpr\u00e9ter cela autrement qu’une tentative de prendre le pouvoir par la force. Alors, s’il vous plait, ne parlez pas d’innocents, sinon le mot n’aurait plus aucun sens. Et sachez que m\u00eame dans les pays les plus d\u00e9mocratiques, les tribunaux sont habilit\u00e9s \u00e0 juger de tels actes et \u00e0 les sanctionner. Mais il est certes vrai que la r\u00e9pression a touch\u00e9 bien plus que les auteurs du plan de Ghannouchi et Karkar visant \u00e0 la prise du pouvoir. Elle a \u00e9galement touch\u00e9 les sympathisants du mouvement et leurs familles, et elle a surtout pris des formes ill\u00e9gales, voire m\u00eame barbares. Et c’est ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but et n’a cess\u00e9 d’\u00eatre d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 depuis. Et que voulez-vous que le mouvement d\u00e9mocratique fasse dans une situation o\u00f9 un adversaire politique, le mouvement Ennahdha, tente de renverser un autre adversaire politique, le r\u00e9gime de M. Ben Ali? Soutenir le premier du seul fait qu’il se trouve dans l’opposition et aboutir \u00e0 une situation pire? Cela aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 suicidaire<\/b>. Voil\u00e0 donc pour l’essentiel. Pour les d\u00e9tails, principalement des accusations fantaisistes contre Charfi et autres balivernes, je n’y r\u00e9pondrai que \u00ab\u00a0pour le sport\u00a0\u00bb, car tout le monde sait \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent de quoi il s’agit. <\/font> <\/p>\n
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Je ne sais pas ce que ma compatriote veut dire par mon \u00ab\u00a0association \u00e0 Charfi\u00a0\u00bb, mais dans tous les cas, je suis beaucoup plus honor\u00e9 d’\u00eatre associ\u00e9 \u00e0 Charfi qu’\u00e0 Ali Belhaj, Hassen Tourabi ou Ghannouchi. J’ajouterai m\u00eame que ce sont les conditions mat\u00e9rielles de la prison et de la lutte commune qui nous ont associ\u00e9 depuis plus de 30 ans d\u00e9j\u00e0.<\/font> <\/li>\n
Pour les \u00ab\u00a0milliers de femmes tunisiennes (qui) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9es de leur travail ou de leurs \u00e9coles suite \u00e0 la circulaire 108\u00a0\u00bb, je demanderai simplement \u00e0 ma compatriote deux choses : d’abord est-elle bien s\u00fbre de ses chiffres et ensuite, est-ce que le port du foulard dit islamique est indispensable \u00e0 la pratique de notre religion, et auquel cas, nous aurions \u00e9t\u00e9 des m\u00e9cr\u00e9ants durant tous ces si\u00e8cles o\u00f9 nos femmes et soeurs ne portaient pas ce type de foulard?<\/font> <\/li>\n
Charfi ne pr\u00e9tend pas que les islamistes turcs ont triomph\u00e9 avec 1\/3 des voix du peuple turc. C’est la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Et ensuite, ce sont les islamistes turcs eux-m\u00eames qui affirment qu’ils ne sont pas islamistes et qu’ils sont attach\u00e9s aux fondements de l’Etat laic. Si Ghannouchi affirme la m\u00eame chose, ni Charfi ni moi-m\u00eame n’aurons d’objection \u00e0 travailler avec lui pour une Tunisie d\u00e9mocratique et juste.<\/font> <\/li>\n
Pour conclure, et en me basant sur vos derni\u00e8res interrogations, je vous r\u00e9pondrai tout simplement que rien que vos \u00ab\u00a0SI\u00a0\u00bb indiquent que c’est bien un programme int\u00e9griste que vous visez, avec tout ce que cela comporte : abolition de l’int\u00e9r\u00eat, polygamie, port obligatoire du hijab etc… Eh bien ch\u00e8re compatriote, avant m\u00eame que le peuple n’arrive \u00e0 voter pour ces \u00ab\u00a0id\u00e9es suicidaires\u00a0\u00bb, nous ferons tout pour le convaincre du fait que \u00ab\u00a0le suicide est interdit par notre religion\u00a0\u00bb. Mais si malgr\u00e9 les efforts des d\u00e9mocrates et des \u00e9lites conscientes de notre pays, et surtout si M.Ben Ali continue de \u00ab\u00a0faire le lit\u00a0\u00bb de l’obscurantisme par l’\u00e9touffement des libert\u00e9s, nous vous dirons que vous n’avez pas le droit de revenir sur les acquis historiques de notre pays et nous utiliserons tous les moyens pour vous emp\u00eacher de le faire.<\/font><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Je pense qu’on ne peut pas \u00eatre plus clair.<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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\u00a0 <\/div>\n
(Source: le site ww.perspectivestunisiennes.net, le 05.01.2003 \u00e0 22h28 ) <\/div>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629
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\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/h4>\n
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\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/span> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0640(\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629) \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/strong><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629, \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062d\u0648 30 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629, \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627, \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 (\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627).<\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 6\/1\/2003 )<\/strong><\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Many of Egypt’s Muslim women turn to the veil<\/font><\/h4>\n
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\u00a0Reuters, le 06.01.2003 \u00e0 03h03 By Heba Kandil<\/font><\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CAIRO, Jan 6 (Reuters) – After years of wearing tight trousers and bikinis, partying and drinking alcohol, 29-year-old Maha now wears an Islamic veil and says she has never been happier. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Encouraged by an Islamic revival and a rise in religious programmes on Arab satellite channels, Maha and a growing number of young women among Egypt’s wealthier classes have augmented their Western wardrobes with variations on the veil, or \u00ab\u00a0hijab\u00a0\u00bb, such as colourful headscarves and long flowing shirts. <\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conservative robes, scarves and veils have been a part of the culture in Egypt’s rural and poorer areas for centuries. But the veil is now on the rise among the country’s urban and traditionally more liberal classes, who a few decades ago wore daring mini-skirts and strapless tops. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0Ever since I veiled and learned more about Islam I’ve become less angry and have had more patience and inner peace,\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 said Maha, an office administrator who asked that her real name not be used. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Egypt, unlike ultra-conservative Muslim states Saudi Arabia and Iran, does not require women to wear a veil. Those who choose to cover up — wearing a wide range of styles from elegant scarves to full-length gowns — live and work side by side with unveiled women and their male colleagues. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Why more and more young women are choosing to wear the veil is the subject of much debate. Some seem to bow to peer pressure in a society where overt signs of modesty are considered a virtue — even if coupled with heavy make-up and jewellery. Others say they want to avoid harassment. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0For some poor people who live in nasty neighbourhoods, the veil protects women because it sends a message that they’re conservative and not easy prey,\u00a0\u00bb said sociologist Hania Sholkamy. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Others are inspired by a more austere message from conservative Islamic preachers who spread their beliefs via satellite TV. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Analysts say such a message may be finding an increasingly receptive audience since the September 11 attacks on the United States. Many Arab Muslims, angered by the perceived prejudice of the West towards Islam, are spurning Western standards of dress and culture. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0In Islam, there’s this direct link between religion and politics,\u00a0\u00bb said Hayat Alvi, professor of Middle East politics at the American University in Cairo, adding that the veil could be as much a political as a religious statement. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 HEATED DEBATE \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The affect of the veil on women’s rights is a central issue of debate. Liberals say veiling is a step backwards for women’s emancipation in Egypt and dates to a pre-Islamic culture that helps perpetuate male dominance. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Supporters of the veil say such views reflect prejudice against what is a personal religious choice that does not prevent women from playing a full role in society. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Traditionally, Islamic scholars interpret a verse from the Koran telling women to draw veils over their bosoms as an injunction to cover the hair, neck and ears. They also point to a reference in the \u00ab\u00a0hadith\u00a0\u00bb, or traditions of the Prophet Mohamed, stating that women should start wearing the veil once they reach puberty. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 But many who have decided to wear the veil say it is not always an easy choice, even in predominantly Muslim Egypt. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 When Nerin Salem, a former co-pilot at a charter airline, showed up for work wearing a tight headscarf and her flying uniform, she was sacked. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0The veil doesn’t obstruct me from doing anything. It’s not up to anyone to either prevent women from wearing the veil or enforcing that women wear the veil,\u00a0\u00bb Salem said. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She is fighting her former employer’s decision in court. The company justified its move saying she was not wearing the correct uniform because the veil was not part of the official dress of blue trousers, white shirt and pilot’s cap. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 On the flipside, unveiled women say they fear they may be stigmatised for not covering their hair, arms and legs if they become a minority as more of their neighbours, friends, and classmates adopt the Islamic cloak. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Heba Ali, a Muslim 28-year-old health consultant who is not veiled, said most women in Egypt’s largely traditional society were vulnerable to the sometimes overwhelming pressure to wear the veil. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0I think I have the internal strength to fight what we call the cultural norms and veiling is definitely part of it. But most Egyptian women are susceptible to the pressure of hijab,\u00a0\u00bb Ali said. \u00a0 REINTERPRETING THE HIJAB \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A century ago, the Egyptian intellectual Qassim Amin wrote \u00ab\u00a0The Liberation of Women\u00a0\u00bb and called for new interpretations of the Koran. He suggested that the \u00ab\u00a0yashmak\u00a0\u00bb, or flimsy face covering prevalent at the time, was not mandatory. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Today, liberal thinkers are stirring new controversy by calling for \u00ab\u00a0ijtihad\u00a0\u00bb, or development in religious thought, on the entire idea of hijab, which many Muslims consider a \u00ab\u00a0fard\u00a0\u00bb, or religious obligation, for women who have reached puberty. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0What we need is serious religious ijtihad on hijab to see if what was applicable many years ago is still feasible today. But launching ijtihad on hijab is a taboo,\u00a0\u00bb said Hala Mustafa, an analyst at Cairo’s al-Ahram Centre for Strategic Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Many conservative Muslims scoff at the idea of debate over the veil. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0There is no discussion or contention on hijab. It is a fard,\u00a0\u00bb said one preacher at the Al-Azhar mosque in Cairo, one of Islam’s oldest institutions. \u00ab\u00a0What do you mean ijtihad on the veil? We would start to see women’s bosoms and necks!\u00a0\u00bb \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 While Egyptian law does not prohibit or enforce the hijab, it has also not veered towards Turkey’s secular end of the spectrum, where civil servants are banned from wearing the veil and it is outlawed at schools and at universities. Analysts say the authorities exert subtle pressures to avoid the veil. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For example, Egyptian state universities — with the exception of religious institutions — bar women from wearing the \u00ab\u00a0niqab\u00a0\u00bb, which covers the whole face or leaves just a narrow slit for the eyes. The authorities cite security reasons. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Women news presenters on Egypt’s state-run television never wear the veil, and sport a consciously Western look. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 POLITICAL ISLAM \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Political analysts compare the recent trend towards hijab to a similar wave of veiling in Egypt in the 1970s and 80s, when political Islam was on the rise. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They say Islamic groups are seeking to encourage the hijab as part of efforts to create a more conservative society despite pressure on such groups from the Egyptian government, which is wary of any movement that could breed a political challenge. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Egypt’s largest opposition movement is the banned Muslim Brotherhood, the grandfather of political Islam. Analysts say the government is also wary of outgrowths of Islamic extremism following a 1992-1997 insurgency by Muslim militants seeking to overthrow the government. Some 1,200 people died in the revolt. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 But a security analyst said the authorities don’t view the rise in veiling as a threat today, and clamp down only on religious programmes and preachers who draw a large following which could pose a political threat. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0It’s a balancing act the government is playing. If a lot of women want to wear the veil, its fine for the government but as long as they are not taught to oppose the regime,\u00a0\u00bb Alvi said. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lamis, a 24-year-old financial executive who took to wearing the veil last summer had a simpler logic about hijab. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0If you question the person who gets veiled then you should also question the person who wears skimpy clothes. In the end the choice is theirs and no one should question anyone’s actions as long as they don’t hurt you.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 REUTERS <\/p>\n
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\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629\u00a0\u00bb. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0636\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u00ab\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u00a0\u00bb. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0647\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0628\u0629.. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0643\u00a0\u00bb. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
\u00a0DEBAT sur les pages de L\u2019INTELLIGENT<\/font><\/strong> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Le Coran est-il un livre de violence ?<\/font><\/h4>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Apr\u00e8s un premier d\u00e9bat publi\u00e9 dans notre num\u00e9ro 2187, deuxi\u00e8me acte de la controverse soulev\u00e9e par l\u2019article de Mohamed Talbi \u00ab Djihad coranique et djihad biblique \u00bb. Relancer le dialogue chr\u00e9tiens-musulmans \u00a0 Ce titre, celui de mon livre (Dialogue islamo-chr\u00e9tien \u00e0 temps et contretemps), est n\u00e9cessaire pour commenter les trois pages que Jeune Afrique\/L\u2019intelligent a publi\u00e9es sous le titre \u00ab Djihad coranique et djihad biblique \u00bb dans son num\u00e9ro 2180-2181. Mis en cause par l\u2019article du Pr Mohamed Talbi qui me fait un proc\u00e8s d\u2019intention, je refuse l\u2019amalgame injuste qu\u2019il fait entre ma pens\u00e9e et mon livre, d\u2019une part, et la politique du pr\u00e9sident Bush, d\u2019autre part. Aussi voudrais-je m\u2019expliquer ici pour rectifier, en tout bien tout honneur, certaines affirmations gratuites du Pr Mohamed Talbi. Contrairement \u00e0 ce qu\u2019il pense, mon livre n\u2019entend pas exprimer \u00ab la conception occidentalo-chr\u00e9tienne du dialo-gue \u00bb, encore moins justifier ce qu\u2019il appelle \u00e9trangement \u00ab la politique christiano-occidentale-bushienne envers l\u2019Islam \u00bb. <\/div>\n
C\u2019est pour relancer le dialogue entre chr\u00e9tiens et musulmans que j\u2019ai voulu proposer cet ensemble de textes, dans l\u2019esprit m\u00eame du pape Jean-Paul II qui ne cesse d\u2019\u0153uvrer pour la paix dans le monde et le dialogue entre les religions. Il est dommage que le Pr Mohamed Talbi n\u2019y ait retenu que le texte sur \u00ab L\u2019Islam et la paix \u00bb. Quels sont donc les autres chapitres qui l\u2019encadrent et lui donnent tout son sens ? Les six premiers textes, regroup\u00e9s sous le titre \u00ab Pour mieux se conna\u00eetre \u00bb, sont introduits par les titres suivants : 1. Les partenaires musulmans dans les \u00ab \u0153uvres de bien \u00bb. 2. Identit\u00e9 musulmane et sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 islamique. 3. Les fondements de l\u2019\u00e9thique dans l\u2019islam. 4. L\u2019Islam et la paix. 5. Les musulmans et les droits de l\u2019homme. 6. Catholiques et musulmans face \u00e0 la modernit\u00e9. Les quatre derniers textes sont propos\u00e9s \u00ab pour mieux dialoguer \u00bb et ont les titres qui suivent : 1. L\u2019\u00e9mergence inattendue de Nostra Aetate (la d\u00e9claration conciliaire sur les relations de l\u2019\u00c9glise avec les religions non chr\u00e9tiennes). 2. Dialogue entre chr\u00e9tiens et musulmans en Europe. 3. Jalons pour un dialogue spirituel. 4. Qui est J\u00e9sus pour les musulmans d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui ? Qui plus est, pour couronner l\u2019ensemble et lui donner tout son sens, le livre reproduit le texte int\u00e9gral du discours du pape Jean-Paul II aux jeunes musulmans du Maroc, \u00e0 Casablanca, le 19 ao\u00fbt 1985. Tel est donc le contexte global dans le cadre duquel il convient de lire le chapitre sur \u00ab L\u2019Islam et la paix \u00bb, si l\u2019on veut \u00eatre honn\u00eate. Mais puisque c\u2019est ce chapitre qui fait l\u2019objet des accusations que le Pr Mohamed Talbi m\u2019adresse aujourd\u2019hui, alors que ce m\u00eame texte fut publi\u00e9 en 1987 dans la revue que je dirige, Islamochristiana (dont il est l\u2019un des \u00ab conseillers \u00bb de r\u00e9daction), aux pp. 9-29, sans que cela ne suscite alors, de sa part, la moindre observation ou critique, encore faut-il le relire dans son ensemble. En toute honn\u00eatet\u00e9, j\u2019ai donc interrog\u00e9 le Coran d\u2019abord, puis ses commentateurs modernes ensuite, d\u2019o\u00f9 les articulations de mon texte. Le message coranique (La paix eschatologique, Dieu est la Paix, la Paix terrestre), La vision islamique de la \u00ab Demeure de l\u2019Islam-Demeure de la Paix \u00bb (la paix que r\u00e9alise la \u00ab Demeure de l\u2019Islam \u00bb, Qu\u2019y a-t-il pour \u00ab ceux du dehors \u00bb ; L\u2019offre et l\u2019\u00e9change de la Paix), Opinions et attitudes de musulmans contemporains (Trois opinions repr\u00e9sentatives ; Attitudes fr\u00e9quemment observables). Et ces trois opinions sont celles de Muhammad \u2019Az\u00eez Lahb\u00e2b\u00ee pour qui le \u00ab grand djihad \u00bb est combat spirituel et lutte contre les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s de l\u2019homme et les tares de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, de Muhammad F\u00e2dil al-Jamm\u00e2l\u00ee pour qui le \u00ab djihad \u00bb est la promotion de la justice et le recours \u00e0 la guerre pour la d\u00e9fendre, et de Sayyid Qutb pour qui le \u00ab djihad \u00bb est l\u2019extension de l\u2019ordre islamique au monde, par la propagande ou par la guerre. Comment ne pas reconna\u00eetre en cet effort louable une tentative pour r\u00e9duire les aspects belliqueux de certaines interpr\u00e9tations et promouvoir des perspectives pacifiques ? C\u2019est bien pourquoi mon texte s\u2019ach\u00e8ve par la longue intercession en faveur de la paix, prononc\u00e9e \u00e0 Assise, le 27 octobre 1986, par le cheikh marocain Muhammad Hajw\u00ee- Tha \u2019lib\u00ee. <\/div>\n
Le Pr Mohamed Talbi lui-m\u00eame, dans le texte par lui r\u00e9dig\u00e9 et ins\u00e9r\u00e9 dans le Recueil d\u2019articles offert \u00e0 Maurice Borrmans, en 1996 (pp. 231-243), sous le titre \u00ab Le message de paix de l\u2019Islam : contribution \u00e0 une th\u00e9ologie \u0153cum\u00e9nique de la paix \u00bb, ne reconnaissait-il pas, dans une note exhaustive (p. 237), que \u00ab le probl\u00e8me djihad est tr\u00e8s complexe. Il a pris incontestablement la forme de la guerre, et les trait\u00e9s de fiqh l\u2019assimilent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 la guerre. Mais s\u2019il a pu prendre, sous le poids des circonstances, la forme de la guerre, il n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment la guerre […]. Toute lecture d\u2019un texte sacr\u00e9 […] n\u00e9cessite une cl\u00e9 de lecture, pour saisir le sens global du message […]. On peut, \u00e0 partir du Coran \u2013 en distinguant le circonstanciel, li\u00e9 aux asb\u00e2b al- nuz\u00fbl, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 des circonstances particuli\u00e8res, de l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif atemporel qui fixe une r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u2013, \u00e9laborer une th\u00e9ologie de la paix parfaitement structur\u00e9e et fond\u00e9e \u00bb. C\u2019est bien l\u00e0 ce que j\u2019ai essay\u00e9 de faire dans ma conf\u00e9rence, tout en tenant compte des doctrines classiques des \u00e9coles (madh\u00e2hib) et des affirmations modernes des id\u00e9ologies islamistes. Faut-il enfin aller plus loin et confier au lecteur que les propos du Pr Mohamed Talbi concernant le djihad biblique et \u00ab la charia jud\u00e9o-chr\u00e9tienne, confirm\u00e9e par le J\u00e9sus des \u00c9vangiles \u00bb t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une m\u00e9connaissance profonde du message \u00e9vang\u00e9lique ? Comment s\u2019expliquer qu\u2019il en arrive \u00e0 supposer que J\u00e9sus, \u00ab juif fid\u00e8le \u00e0 la Loi, ne pouvait pas ne pas appliquer la Loi, le djihad biblique \u00bb, tel qu\u2019il est d\u00e9crit dans le Livre du Deut\u00e9ronome (XX : 10-16) ? Aurait-il oubli\u00e9 que les chr\u00e9tiens lisent l\u2019Ancien Testament \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du Nouveau Testament, et que l\u2019\u00c9vangile est tout autre, quant \u00e0 son message de paix ? La citation qu\u2019il fait de l\u2019\u00c9vangile selon saint Matthieu (X : 34-36) est, par lui, interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e hors contexte : il s\u2019agit de la hi\u00e9rarchie \u00e0 \u00e9tablir dans l\u2019adh\u00e9sion aux valeurs de l\u2019\u00c9vangile, ce qui peut entra\u00eener la rupture des liens de la famille selon la chair pour adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 celle selon l\u2019esprit. Et pourquoi ne cite-t-il pas cette autre phrase de J\u00e9sus, refusant d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9fendu par l\u2019\u00e9p\u00e9e lors de son arrestation ? \u00ab Rengaine ton glaive, dit-il alors au compagnon qui voulait frapper, car tous ceux qui prennent le glaive p\u00e9riront par le glaive \u00bb (\u00c9vangile selon saint Matthieu XX : 51). Quant aux historiens, ils savent tous que \u00ab ceux qui ont \u00e9vang\u00e9lis\u00e9 en son nom \u00bb ont connu bien des pers\u00e9cutions pendant les premiers si\u00e8cles de notre \u00e8re, et aussi bien apr\u00e8s, ne pratiquant que la charia de l\u2019amour, du service et du t\u00e9moignage. Que personne n\u2019aille voir en ces mises au point un quelconque souci de vaine pol\u00e9mique : il s\u2019agit simplement de r\u00e9tablir la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 en toute honn\u00eatet\u00e9 et de rappeler que le livre ainsi mis en question n\u2019a rien \u00e0 voir avec une politique quelle qu\u2019elle soit. Les deux illustrations propos\u00e9es par J.A.\/L\u2019intelligent \u00e0 la p. 131 et leurs commentaires trahissent \u00e9videmment le contenu de mon livre. C\u2019est la couverture de celui-ci qui importe : une coupole chr\u00e9tienne et un minaret musulman qui, \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem, t\u00e9moignent que le dialogue est possible dans \u00ab la Ville \u00bb. Je suis un homme de foi et je ne d\u00e9sire qu\u2019une seule chose, dans le contexte actuel, \u00e0 savoir que chr\u00e9tiens et musulmans, et tous les autres aussi, s\u2019emploient \u00e0 r\u00e9duire ou \u00e0 supprimer \u00ab le choc des ignorances \u00bb comme aime \u00e0 le dire Edward Sa\u00efd, en vue des collaborations n\u00e9cessaires au plan des valeurs humaines de la cit\u00e9 et des convergences possibles au plan de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience spirituelle. C\u2019est pourquoi j\u2019ai voulu rassembler les textes propos\u00e9s dans ce Dialogue islamo-chr\u00e9tien \u00e0 temps et contretemps afin que chr\u00e9tiens et musulmans passent du pessimisme \u00e0 l\u2019esp\u00e9rance. On aimerait que tous tiennent alors compte de ce que r\u00e9p\u00e8te un had\u00eeth bien connu des musulmans : innam\u00e2 l-a\u2019m\u00e2l bi-n-niyy\u00e2t, les actions ne valent que selon leurs intentions. Que le pr\u00e9sent ouvrage soit donc \u00e9valu\u00e9 selon l’intention qui l\u2019a vu na\u00eetre : faire en sorte que Dieu soit le premier servi en la personne m\u00eame de tous ceux et de toutes celles qu’il a voulu compagnons de route en ce d\u00e9but du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Il y a tant de mis\u00e8res \u00e0 secourir et tant de souffrances \u00e0 soulager, comme il y a tant de richesses \u00e0 partager et tant d\u2019exp\u00e9riences \u00e0 \u00e9changer ! Ne sommes-nous pas tous au service d\u2019une m\u00eame cause, non pas celle de l\u2019Islam ou du Christianisme, mais bien celle de 1\u2019homme, de tous les hommes, et surtout celle de Dieu \u00ab qui aime les hommes \u00bb ?\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/div>\n
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\u00ab Je n\u2019ai jamais dout\u00e9 de vos efforts ! \u00bb<\/font><\/h4>\n
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Pr. Mohamed TALBI<\/font> <\/strong>\u00a0 J\u2019ai la plus grande amiti\u00e9 pour le p\u00e8re Borrmans et je n\u2019ai jamais dout\u00e9 de ses efforts pour le dialogue islamo-chr\u00e9tien dont il est l\u2019un des pionniers. J\u2019ai dit et je redis mon estime pour ses efforts. Seulement, il est catholique et je suis musulman. Nos lectures de la Bible et des \u00c9vangiles d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, et du Coran de l\u2019autre, sont forc\u00e9ment tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9- rentes. J\u2019admire sa collaboratrice, Annie Laurent, pour sa franchise. Elle dit clairement ce que 1\u2019\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 de l\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien pensait et pense toujours \u2013 avec les cons\u00e9quences qui en d\u00e9coulent fatalement sur le plan politique, la politique actuelle du pr\u00e9sident Bush particuli\u00e8rement. Elle dit clairement que le Coran est violence, et que Mahomet fut violent. Cher P\u00e8re Borrmans, \u00eates-vous de son avis ? Seule une r\u00e9ponse par un oui franc, ou un non franc, sans tergiversation, peut satisfaire les musulmans. Vous n\u2019ignorez pas que pour les chr\u00e9tiens, sauf de tr\u00e8s rares exceptions, le christianisme est la re1igion de 1\u2019amour (vous insistez justement l\u00e0-dessus) et l\u2019islam la religion de la violence. Pour l\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 de l\u2019Occident, surtout chr\u00e9tien, mais pas seulement chr\u00e9tien, cela est devenu une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9vidence, un dogme. J\u2019insiste : pour nous, musulmans, dire que le Coran est un livre de violence est une contre-v\u00e9rit\u00e9 th\u00e9ologique ; dire que le djihad est une violence sans fin est une contre-v\u00e9rit\u00e9 historique. Pour nous, le Coran est un livre de paix, d\u2019amour et de mis\u00e9ricorde. \u00cates-vous de notre avis, oui ou non ? Pour nous, le djihad n\u2019avait pas invent\u00e9 la guerre ; il fut contraint de la faire. Et, faute de pouvoir la supprimer, il lui a impos\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles. Bien avant les lois modernes, il l\u2019avait profond\u00e9ment humanis\u00e9e. Partagez-vous notre avis, oui ou non ? L\u00e0 sont les vraies questions auxquelles il faut r\u00e9pondre, tout le reste est louvoiement qui ne trompe personne. Enfin, puis-je rappeler que la Rome pa\u00efenne, intraitable lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de son autorit\u00e9, fut tr\u00e8s tol\u00e9rante sur le plan religieux. Elle ne liquida pas le christianisme qui, \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Tertullien, n\u2019\u00e9tait pour elle qu\u2019une superstition. La Byzance chr\u00e9tienne, qui par dogme proclama le credo de Nic\u00e9e religion d\u2019\u00c9tat, liquida le paganisme. \u00a0 DE LA POL\u00c9MIQUE AU LIBRE D\u00c9BAT Borrmans est sinc\u00e8re Michel Lelong P\u00e8re blanc, Paris, France \u00a0 J\u2019ai lu avec attention le compte rendu que Mohamed Talbi a fait du livre du p\u00e8re Maurice Borrmans. Cet universitaire musulman et ce pr\u00eatre catholique sont, pour moi, deux amis tr\u00e8s chers, avec lesquels je travaille depuis de longues ann\u00e9es, pour promouvoir une meilleure connaissance mutuelle, et une vraie coop\u00e9ration entre les croyants de l\u2019une et l\u2019autre communaut\u00e9. Ils ont, l\u2019un et l\u2019autre, apport\u00e9 une contribution importante \u00e0 ce n\u00e9cessaire et difficile dialogue islamo-chr\u00e9tien. Et voici qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui appara\u00eet, entre eux deux, un profond d\u00e9saccord qui semble remettre en question leurs options ant\u00e9rieures. Que s\u2019est-il donc pass\u00e9 ? Ce que Mohamed Talbi reproche au p\u00e8re Borrmans et, \u00e0 travers lui, \u00e0 beaucoup de chr\u00e9tiens, c\u2019est de pr\u00e9senter l\u2019islam comme une religion qui appelle \u00e0 la violence. Or, explique cet universitaire tunisien \u2013 dont chacun conna\u00eet la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9 et la vaste culture \u2013 non seulement une telle pr\u00e9sentation est inexacte et injuste, mais \u2013 ce qui est aujourd\u2019hui tr\u00e8s grave \u2013 elle contribue \u00e0 cautionner, voire \u00e0 justifier et encourager la croisade de M. Bush et de ses partisans contre les peuples musulmans. Connaissant bien le p\u00e8re Borrmans, je peux affirmer qu\u2019il est tout \u00e0 fait injuste de lui reprocher une quelconque complaisance envers la politique des \u00c9tat-Unis et de leurs alli\u00e9s isra\u00e9liens. \u00c0 de nombreuses reprises, en effet, ce pr\u00eatre a, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la position du Saint-Si\u00e8ge, d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 l\u2019injustice faite, depuis tant d\u2019ann\u00e9es, au peuple palestinien. Il a, d\u2019autre part, publi\u00e9 plusieurs livres et de nombreux articles qui appellent les chr\u00e9tiens et les musulmans \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir et approfondir les \u00ab liens spirituels \u00bb qui les unissent. Comment, d\u00e8s lors, expliquer la r\u00e9action de mon ami Mohamed Talbi ? Elle tient, me semble-t-il, au fait que ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9e, et surtout ces derniers mois, on a lu et entendu trop de livres, d\u2019articles, de d\u00e9clarations, dans lesquels des catholiques \u2013 et aussi des protestants \u2013 parlaient de l\u2019islam d\u2019une fa\u00e7on tellement inexacte et injuste que les musulmans ne pouvaient pas se reconna\u00eetre dans ce qui \u00e9tait dit de leur religion. Il est vrai que, de leur c\u00f4t\u00e9, certains musulmans parlent du christianisme et de l\u2019\u00c9glise d\u2019une fa\u00e7on plus pol\u00e9mique qu\u2019objective. Mais ceci ne justifie pas cela. Quant au p\u00e8re Maurice Borrmans, tout en sachant combien il est sinc\u00e8re, dans son engagement pour le dialogue interreligieux, je pense qu\u2019il n\u2019a pas toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 assez attentif au fait que l\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 des musulmans, dans toutes les r\u00e9gions du monde, sont les premiers \u00e0 d\u00e9noncer l\u2019usage erron\u00e9 que certains de leurs coreligionnaires font parfois du message coranique. Car, j\u2019en suis pour ma part, convaincu, ce message condamne la violence et il appelle \u00e0 la justice, condition de la paix. Enfin, nous devons, nous, catholiques, reconna\u00eetre que trop nombreux sont encore, dans notre \u00c9glise, et aussi dans les autres \u00c9glises chr\u00e9tiennes, ceux qui parlent de l\u2019islam de fa\u00e7on injuste, alors que le concile Vatican II nous a appel\u00e9s \u00e0 le faire de fa\u00e7on objective et respectueuse. Je souhaite que mes amis Maurice Borrmans et Mohamed Talbi reprennent, ensemble, le difficile et n\u00e9cessaire dialogue auquel ils ont, l\u2019un et l\u2019autre, tant apport\u00e9. Ce dialogue rev\u00eat, bien entendu, un aspect th\u00e9ologique ; mais il se situe dans un contexte politicien : nous devons y \u00eatre attentifs, si nous voulons que, dans notre monde troubl\u00e9, de l\u2019Ouest \u00e0 l\u2019Est et du Nord au Sud, les religions ne soient pas utilis\u00e9es pour aggraver les conflits, mais qu\u2019elles contribuent, au contraire, \u00e0 la recherche de la justice, condition de la paix. <\/div>\n
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Triomphalisme catholique<\/font> <\/div>\n
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Ren\u00e9 Luc Moreau, dominicain La Tourette,<\/strong><\/font> <\/div>\n
\u00c9vreux, France L\u2019heure du dialogue islamo-chr\u00e9tien n\u2019a pas encore sonn\u00e9. H\u00e9las ! je lis le s\u00e9v\u00e8re mais tr\u00e8s bon article de Mohamed Talbi dans votre n\u00b0 2180-2181, et j\u2019y acquiesce en ne lui faisant remarquer qu\u2019une seule chose : ne pas g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re des gens d\u2019en face, qu\u2019il fustige \u00e0 juste titre… \u00ab La conception occidentalo-chr\u00e9tienne du dialogue \u00bb n\u2019est pas celle de tous les Occidentaux-chr\u00e9tiens, m\u00eame catholiques. Ce n\u2019est pas la mienne, quoique catholique et m\u00eame \u00ab pr\u00eacheur \u00bb, ayant pass\u00e9 la plus grande partie de ma vie active en Afrique occidentale, en relation permanente avec des amis musulmans(1). Je pense qu\u2019il est possible de s\u2019inspirer de l\u2019\u00c9vangile autrement que Maurice Borrmans. Mais il faut bien reconna\u00eetre avec Mohamed Talbi qu\u2019il y a chez nous un ind\u00e9racinable triomphalisme, exasp\u00e9rant pour les non-catholiques qui voudraient tellement pouvoir discuter avec nous, simplement, sans arri\u00e8re-pens\u00e9e. Inversement d\u2019ailleurs, nous aimerions pouvoir parler avec des musulmans \u00ab non triomphalistes \u00bb, qui sont eux-m\u00eames rares… Mais ce qu\u2019il y a de pire chez les catholiques qui se pr\u00e9sentent comme \u00ab ouverts \u00bb, \u00ab pour le dialogue \u00bb, c\u2019est de s\u2019arroger le monopole de ce dialogue, de s\u2019en faire gloire, alors que le dialogue est affaire d\u2019humilit\u00e9. La r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d\u2019Assise (1986) tue ce qu\u2019il y avait de passionnant \u00e0 Assise. Il suffit de lire tout ce qui s\u2019est \u00e9crit chez les catholiques \u00e0 ce sujet ; un dernier livre sur la question s\u2019intitule Assise, capitale de la Paix (2). La Paix n\u2019a surtout pas de \u00ab capitale \u00bb : comment ne pas percevoir que nous nous coulons aux yeux de nos partenaires ? L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement de 1986 avait sa valeur, c\u2019est s\u00fbr, mais \u00e0 condition de laisser aux autres intervenants la facult\u00e9 de s\u2019en f\u00e9liciter eux- m\u00eames. Le livre que je viens de citer parle \u00e0 juste titre de Louis Massignon (signalons que c\u2019\u00e9tait le quaranti\u00e8me anniversaire de sa mort le 31 octobre dernier) comme \u00ab l\u2019artisan principal d\u2019un renversement copernicien de l\u2019attitude de l\u2019\u00c9glise vis-\u00e0-vis de l\u2019islam \u00bb (p. 22). Mais ce renversement n\u2019est pas encore rentr\u00e9 dans les m\u0153urs catholiques, qui sont toujours eccl\u00e9siocentristes, dans la volont\u00e9 d\u2019ouverture elle-m\u00eame. Oh, c\u2019est tr\u00e8s humain ; nous ne sommes pas les seuls ; mais justement soyons modestes, ce qui n\u2019emp\u00eache pas la lucidit\u00e9 et demande beaucoup de courage. Le dialogue islamo-chr\u00e9tien n\u2019a pas vraiment commenc\u00e9, si ce n\u2019est dans des lieux, avec des personnes dont on ne parle pas, dont il ne faut pas parler dans les m\u00e9dias, sous peine de devenir tr\u00e8s vite des otages des forces politiques et religieuses en comp\u00e9tition. Des responsables de confessions religieuses diff\u00e9rentes ne peuvent pas vraiment dialoguer ; ce n\u2019est pas leur r\u00f4le. Au mieux peuvent-ils n\u00e9gocier diplomatiquement, ce qui est d\u00e9j\u00e0 beaucoup, pour d\u00e9miner les terrains de conflit, et effectivement pr\u00e9parer un avenir pacifique. Mais ce n\u2019est pas le dialogue proprement dit, qui ne peut \u00eatre qu\u2019honn\u00eate, franc. La diplomatie a d\u2019autres exigences. On ne peut pr\u00eacher \u00ab le dialogue \u00e0 temps et \u00e0 contre-temps \u00bb(3). C\u2019est totalement contradictoire. La sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 du dialogue, c\u2019est la libert\u00e9 de partenaires qui s\u2019engagent mutuellement : j\u2019ai appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 que le pape, \u00e0 Assise, avec sa modeste calotte, soit \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s \u00e9gal au milieu de ses invit\u00e9s, mais quoi de plus normal ? Surtout quand on se r\u00e9clame de J\u00e9sus, au pays de saint Fran\u00e7ois. Il n\u2019y a rien l\u00e0 d\u2019extraordinaire. C\u2019est la loi du dialogue fraternel. Mais, c\u2019est vrai, on n\u2019\u00e9tait plus habitu\u00e9. Le vrai renversement copernicien dans l\u2019\u00c9glise, pour rendre possible le dialogue, serait le renoncement \u00e0 toute une \u00ab missiologie \u00bb du XXe si\u00e8cle terriblement li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9ologie coloniale de l\u2019\u00e9poque : il serait tr\u00e8s instructif de comparer rigoureusement les propos de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale et ceux des instances missionnaires pour le rayonnement de la culture occidentale au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de populations \u00ab attard\u00e9es \u00bb, qui ont enflamm\u00e9 la g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 des petits Fran\u00e7ais de ma g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. J\u2019ai connu les d\u00e9bats entre mission et dialogue, apr\u00e8s Vatican II (1962-1965) : les contradictions n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 lev\u00e9es. On se d\u00e9fie plus de l\u2019interlocuteur qu\u2019on ne croit \u00e0 la vertu du dialogue v\u00e9cu dans le risque de la foi, tant fraternelle que th\u00e9ologale. C\u2019est vrai qu\u2019il y a des arri\u00e8re-pens\u00e9es d\u2019ordre plus ou moins politique chez nos partenaires, mais chez nous tout pareillement. Il faut qu\u2019elles puissent \u00eatre avou\u00e9es tout bonnement. Et dissocions ce domaine de celui du spirituel et des convictions religieuses. Mais, l\u00e0 encore, restons chacun \u00e0 notre place, sans d\u00e9finir a priori les convictions de l\u2019autre par rapport \u00e0 notre grille th\u00e9ologique propre : c\u2019est tuer dans l\u2019\u0153uf toute vell\u00e9it\u00e9 de dialogue. Or, c\u2019est ce que font les catholiques, la plupart du temps, dans leurs ouvrages sur la th\u00e9ologie du dialogue. L\u2019\u00e9coute est indispensable, vraie, capable d\u2019\u00e9branler nos fragiles ou fausses assurances. Nous souffrons d\u2019entendre autrui massacrer nos croyances ou notre histoire telles que nous les vivons. Nous faisons tout pareil malheureusement ! Je reconnais toutes les violences de l\u2019Occident qu\u2019\u00e9voque Mohamed Talbi ; mais je ne crois pas que nous puissions faire des pesages entre coloniaux occidentaux et arabes en la mati\u00e8re : les Arabes ont aussi apport\u00e9 et des progr\u00e8s et de lourdes blessures chez les peuples soudaniens… Nous n\u2019avons pas \u00e0 \u00eatre fiers, ni les uns ni les autres. Or les soucis de la fiert\u00e9 condamnent tout effort de dialogue. Les th\u00e9ologies du dialogue ne sont pas dialogue : elles n\u2019ont d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de chaque confession, pour critiquer et purifier ce que nous entendons et ce que nous disons, ce que nous \u00e9changeons et partageons, encore une fois, dans l\u2019estime et l\u2019honn\u00eatet\u00e9, voire, le moment venu, dans l\u2019admiration. Tel me semble l\u2019avenir. J\u2019ai toujours aim\u00e9 la loyaut\u00e9 des interventions de Mohamed Talbi, pertinentes, jamais blessantes m\u00eame si on ne peut souscrire \u00e0 tous ses jugements. Avec lui, on peut esp\u00e9rer en ce fameux dialogue ; il n\u2019est pas le seul chez les musulmans, je puis en t\u00e9moigner. <\/div>\n
1. R.L. Moreau, Africains musulmans, Inades\/Pr\u00e9sence africaine, 1982. 2. J.-F. Petit, Assise, capitale de la Paix, Lethielleux, 2002. 3. C\u2019est le titre de l\u2019ouvrage de M. Borrmans cit\u00e9 par M. Talbi. Pourquoi se battre \u00e0 coups de citations ? Monique Chomel Garches, France Je suis abonn\u00e9e depuis quelques mois \u00e0 Jeune Afrique \/L\u2019intelligent que je trouve bien fait et int\u00e9ressant. Mais dans votre num\u00e9ro double du 21 octobre au 3 novembre, vous vous discr\u00e9ditez en publiant l\u2019article de Mohamed Talbi. \u00ab Djihad coranique et djihad biblique \u00bb. Que M. Talbi soit contre les positions de George W. Bush, nous ne pouvons que lui donner notre accord, mais qu\u2019il qualifie M. Bush de \u00ab tr\u00e8s chr\u00e9tien \u00bb, c\u2019est non ! M. Bush n\u2019est pas plus chr\u00e9tien que M. Oussama Ben Laden n\u2019est musulman. Une lecture litt\u00e9rale des textes sacr\u00e9s ne peut amener qu\u2019\u00e0 des d\u00e9viances \u00e0 quelque religion qu\u2019ils appartiennent. De plus, quand on veut faire, comme Mohamed Talbi, une \u00e9tude compar\u00e9e des religions, il vaut mieux conna\u00eetre parfaitement celles-ci. Je lui conseille vivement d\u2019aller prendre des cours d\u2019\u00c9criture sainte \u00e0 l\u2019Institut catholique de Paris ou \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole pratique des hautes \u00e9tudes. Comme \u00e7a, quand il commentera les textes des \u00c9vangiles (Mt. X, 34-36 et Lc XII, 51-53…) hors de leur contexte, il dira moins de b\u00eatises. Puis-je lui rappeler, hors contexte, la phrase de J\u00e9sus \u00e0 Pilate : \u00ab Mon Royaume n\u2019est pas de ce monde… \u00bb (Jn. XVIII,36) Malheureusement, trop de puissants qui se sont r\u00e9clam\u00e9s du Christ l\u2019ont oubli\u00e9e. J\u2019ajoute que j\u2019ai lu le Coran mais que je me garderai bien d\u2019en faire un commentaire. Se battre \u00e0 coups de citations du Coran ou de l\u2019\u00c9criture sainte ne me para\u00eet pas le meilleur moyen de construire une paix respectueuse des uns et des autres. Argumentation pu\u00e9rile et politique de l\u2019autruche Dominique et Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Urvoy Toulouse, France L\u2019article de Mohamed Talbi repose sur la logique suivante : je ne peux nier ce qui m\u2019est reproch\u00e9, mais je proclame bien haut que c\u2019est pire chez celui-l\u00e0 m\u00eame qui me fait des reproches. Argumentation pu\u00e9rile et politique de l\u2019autruche, qui ne convainc que ceux qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 de parti pris. Discuter serait se montrer aussi ridicule. Ce qui est grave, c\u2019est que cela entra\u00eene l\u2019auteur \u00e0 rompre avec les r\u00e8gles scientifiques \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires que lui a inculqu\u00e9es l\u2019universit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise et dont le respect lui ont valu, autrefois, sa notori\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019historien. Nous n\u2019en prendrons que deux exemples. <\/div>\n
Que peut bien signifier la formule \u00ab qu\u2019aurait-il [J\u00e9sus] fait s\u2019il \u00e9tait mont\u00e9 sur le tr\u00f4ne de ses anc\u00eatres ? \u00bb Est-il s\u00e9rieux de b\u00e2tir sur des suppositions ? Surtout quand elles sont suivies du raccourci J\u00e9sus = conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique par les WASP = Bush. Je sais bien que de telles suppositions gratuites semblent avoir aujourd\u2019hui la faveur des musulmans. Lors du colloque \u00ab Pour un islam de paix \u00bb, Mezri Haddad a agi de m\u00eame, mais pour aboutir \u00e0 une conclusion assez diff\u00e9rente : \u00ab Si le christianisme n\u2019\u00e9tait pas n\u00e9 dans un contexte de colonisation romaine, si les premiers chr\u00e9tiens n\u2019avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 terriblement pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s, si les ap\u00f4tres n\u2019avaient pas invent\u00e9 l\u2019\u00c9glise pour mettre \u00e0 l\u2019abri des corruptions mondaines la premi\u00e8re communaut\u00e9 chr\u00e9tienne et perp\u00e9tuer ainsi le message du Christ[…], le christianisme aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019embl\u00e9e th\u00e9ocratique et J\u00e9sus aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 chef spirituel et temporel et guide politique comme le furent Mo\u00efse et Mohammed \u00bb (Question de, n\u00b0 126, d\u00e9c. 2001, p. 89). Qu\u2019a pens\u00e9 Mohamed Talbi, qui participait aussi \u00e0 ce colloque, de cette assimilation de J\u00e9sus \u00e0 Mohammed ? Et qui faut-il suivre dans les suppositions gratuites, Mezri Haddad ou Mohamed Talbi ? Par ailleurs, l\u2019affirmation que l\u2019expansion musulmane s\u2019est faite \u00ab avec un co\u00fbt d\u00e9risoire en pertes humaines \u00bb montre bien que notre historien ne lit que les textes qui lui conviennent. Peut-on lui conseiller la lecture de la Chronique mozarabe de 754 (J. Gil, Corpus scriptorum muzarabicorum, Madrid, C.S.I.C., 1973, t. I, pp. 15-54), ou m\u00eame la Chronique de Jean de Nikiou (\u00e9d. H. Zotenberg, Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1883) ? Et les exactions qui y sont racont\u00e9es ne sont-elles pas dans le prolongement de l\u2019attitude du proph\u00e8te de l\u2019islam, dont la biographie canonique raconte qu\u2019il approuva l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de six cents \u00e0 neuf cents juifs m\u00e9dinois des Banu Qurayzah, les femmes et les enfants \u00e9tant r\u00e9duits en esclavage (Ibn Hish\u00e2m, Al-s\u00eerat al-nabawiyya, \u00e9d. Tadmur\u00ee, Beyrouth, D\u00e2r al-kit\u00e2b al-\u2019arab\u00ee, 1978, t. III, pp. 183-184). Ici aussi, cela g\u00eane les consciences musulmanes modernes. W.N. Arafat a essay\u00e9 d\u2019en faire la r\u00e9futation d\u2019une fa\u00e7on, il faut bien le dire, assez na\u00efve (New Light on the Story of The Banu ; Qurayza and the Jews of Medina , J.R.A.S., 1976, pp. 100-107). Disons simplement qu\u2019on est \u00e9tonn\u00e9 de voir qu\u2019on sacralise certains textes quand ils font plaisir, et qu\u2019on leur d\u00e9nie tout cr\u00e9dit quand ce qu\u2019ils disent est g\u00eanant. Congo-Brazza : histoire d\u2019un prix rat\u00e9 (suite) <\/div>\n
Votre article intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Congo-Brazzaville. L\u2019histoire d\u2019un prix rat\u00e9 \u00bb publi\u00e9 dans J.A.\/l\u2019intelligent n\u00b0 2187 (p. 6) comporte un nombre important d\u2019inexactitudes. Je suis professeur et militant de la cause africaine, comme l\u2019atteste le kilo de photocopies, d\u2019articles et de courriers que nous tenons \u00e0 votre disposition. Toutes ces informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 port\u00e9es \u00e0 la connaissance du pr\u00e9sident Sassou Nguesso et de son ambassadeur \u00e0 Rome, lequel a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de la manifestation durant plus de six mois. Sassou a \u00e9galement pu lire la liste des r\u00e9cipiendaires de ce prix, appel\u00e9, jusqu\u2019en 1996, \u00ab prix Biancamano \u00bb et devenu le prix \u00ab Laur\u00e9at des docteurs de la CEE \u00bb, pour mieux pr\u00e9ciser sa vocation europ\u00e9enne. Vous \u00e9crivez que le pr\u00e9sident a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019arr\u00eater les frais, contraignant la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation \u00e0 reprendre l\u2019avion. C\u2019est le contraire qui s\u2019est produit. Apr\u00e8s une enqu\u00eate de ses services sp\u00e9ciaux, le pr\u00e9sident a d\u00e9couvert d\u2019o\u00f9 venait la tentative de faire capoter la manifestation \u2013 un quart d\u2019heure avant son d\u00e9but !!! \u2013 et a ordonn\u00e9 que les programmes pr\u00e9vus le vendredi et le samedi se d\u00e9roulent normalement. Il a mis un avion \u00e0 notre disposition pour que nous nous rendions dans la ville d\u2019Impfondo, avec une forte d\u00e9l\u00e9gation congolaise, afin d\u2019y rencontrer le pr\u00e9fet et de signer des accords. M\u00eame r\u00e9ussite pour le jumelage des universit\u00e9s de Bologne et Marien-Ngouabi. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 notre d\u00e9part, samedi 30 novembre 2002 \u00e0 14 heures, rien n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 chang\u00e9 : la m\u00eame gentillesse, les m\u00eames \u00e9gards et la remise d\u2019une lettre plus qu\u2019aimable. Voil\u00e0. Il est vrai que certaines personnes avaient annonc\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence possible de personnalit\u00e9s qui, pour des raisons diverses, n\u2019ont pu \u00eatre l\u00e0. <\/div>\n
Piero Tabellini, professeur d\u2019universit\u00e9, pr\u00e9sident et commissaire de la Chambre europ\u00e9enne des experts, Bologne, Italie R\u00e9ponse : M. Tabellini ne nous dit pas pourquoi la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de remise de prix, pour lequel ce voyage a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9e sur ordre du pr\u00e9sident Sassou Nguesso. De quelle \u00ab tentative perfide et r\u00e9ussie \u00bb s\u2019agissait-il ? D\u2019o\u00f9 venait l\u2019\u00ab intox \u00bb dont aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 victime le chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat \u2013 pour autant qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse bien de cela ? Pour le reste, la liste des r\u00e9cipiendaires pass\u00e9s de ce prix, que nous a fait parvenir le professeur Tabellini \u00e0 l\u2019appui de sa lettre \u2013 d\u2019Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny \u00e0 Julio Andreotti, de Carlos Menem \u00e0 Idriss D\u00e9by, de Jimmy Carter \u00e0 Teodoro Obiang Nguema \u2013 n\u2019est gu\u00e8re convaincante. Suffit-il d\u2019attribuer une distinction pour qu\u2019elle soit cr\u00e9dible ? \u00a0 (Source : L\u2019intelligent N\u00b02189 du 22\/12\/2002 au 04\/01\/2003)<\/font> <\/div>\n
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\u00a0 TUNISNEWS 3\u00e8me ann\u00e9e, N\u00b0\u00a0962 du 06.01.2003 \u00a0archives : http:\/\/site.voila.fr\/archivtn LES TITRES DE CE JOUR: \u00a0 Info Tunisie: Le Chef de l’Etat re\u00e7oit un message de f\u00e9licitations de la pr\u00e9sidente du Centre international de la culture et des droits de l’Homme \u00ab Commentaires \u00bb: Le vrai rallye de la femme tunisienne Tahar Ben Hassine: A […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[53,34,30,29],"class_list":["post-20592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-53","tag-34","tag-ar","tag-fr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20592"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20592\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}