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Sharon envisage d’expulser Arafat vers la Tunisie ou de l’arreter… <\/strong> <\/font> <\/div>\n
Il fait le tour de l’Europe pour\u00a0s’assurer le plein des voix…<\/font><\/strong> <\/font> <\/div>\n
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La Tunisie est-elle un Etat souverain??? La nouvelle du d\u00e9part de leader palestinien circule depuis longtemps, mais de l\u00e0 \u00e0 ce que Ariel Sharon parle d’expulsion vers la Tunisie, \u00e7a donne l’impression que ce monsieur se consid\u00e8re le maitre des lieux et le frere jumeau du Dictateur tunisien. Le Matin d’Alger consacre un article de synth\u00e8se. Article \u00e0 lire absolument… <\/font> <\/div>\n
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Sharon veut la t\u00eate d’Arafat<\/strong><\/font><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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Ariel Sharon, qui sera ce matin \u00e0 Londres en visite officielle, envisage d’expulser probablement vers la Tunisie ou d’arr\u00eater Yasser Arafat, isol\u00e9 depuis plus d’une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 Ramallah, en Cisjordanie. Pour le Premier ministre isra\u00e9lien, le Pr\u00e9sident palestinien fait \u00ab obstacle \u00bb aux efforts de Mahmoud Abbas pour mettre en uvre la \u00ab\u00a0feuille de route\u00a0\u00bb pour la paix au Proche-Orient. Isra\u00ebl aurait inform\u00e9 d\u00e9j\u00e0 les Etats-Unis qu’il n’exclut plus l’\u00e9ventualit\u00e9 de \u00ab r\u00e9examiner le lieu et le statut, c’est-\u00e0-dire l’immunit\u00e9 \u00bb du pr\u00e9sident palestinien. Arafat d\u00e9ment l’accusation et d\u00e9clare que les propos du premier ministre isra\u00e9lien ne l’ont pas surpris. Mohamed Dahlane, le ministre palestinien d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 \u00e0 la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure, alli\u00e9 de Mahmoud Abbas, demande des \u00e9lections au comit\u00e9 central du Fatah. Argument avanc\u00e9 : les membres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lus il y a treize ans. Le sort du ra\u00efs palestinien que les Etats-Unis, Isra\u00ebl et la pr\u00e9sidence europ\u00e9enne cherchent \u00e0 isoler semble scell\u00e9. Les deux premiers l’accusent de soutenir le terrorisme. Dans son offensive contre Arafat, Sharon presse les Europ\u00e9ens de boycotter le Pr\u00e9sident palestinien. Dans une interview au quotidien anglais Daily Telegraph parue hier, il a qualifi\u00e9 le maintien de tout contact avec le pr\u00e9sident palestinien comme une tentative de diminuer Mahmoud Abbas. \u00ab C’est une grave erreur que de maintenir le contact avec Arafat, car il affaiblit la position du gouvernement de Mahmoud Abbas \u00bb et \u00ab tout acte de ce genre ne fait que reporter des progr\u00e8s \u00bb, dit-il. Le Premier ministre isra\u00e9lien d\u00e9plore le fait que des dirigeants europ\u00e9ens continuent d’appeler le pr\u00e9sident palestinien qui continue, selon lui, \u00e0 \u00ab contr\u00f4ler une large partie des forces arm\u00e9es et une partie de l’argent \u00bb. Dans un autre entretien publi\u00e9 vendredi par le quotidien italien Corriere della Sera, Sharon a invit\u00e9 les pays europ\u00e9ens \u00e0 suivre l’exemple de l’Italie, qui assure la pr\u00e9sidence semestrielle de l’Union europ\u00e9enne depuis le 1er juillet, \u00e0 isoler Yasser Arafat. Dans la capitale britannique, l’Isra\u00e9lien s’entendra avec son homologue Tony Blair et le chef de la diplomatie Jack Straw. Entre ce dernier et lui les relations ne sont pas au top depuis mai dernier. La d\u00e9claration du chef de la diplomatie britannique, selon laquelle \u00ab les pays occidentaux appliquent une politique de deux poids, deux mesures en contraignant l’Irak \u00e0 respecter les r\u00e9solutions de l’Onu, mais pas Isra\u00ebl \u00bb, a provoqu\u00e9 entre Londres et Tel-Aviv des \u00e9changes de propos acerbes. Tant \u00e0 Londres qu’\u00e0 Oslo o\u00f9 il se rendra juste apr\u00e8s, le premier ministre isra\u00e9lien expliquera \u00e0 ses interlocuteurs qu’il y a deux gouvernements palestiniens et qu’ils doivent arr\u00eater de traiter avec Arafat. D. B.<\/font><\/p>\n
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(Source: Le Matin d’Alger, Dimanche, 13 jullet 2003)<\/font><\/div>\n
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La pitoyable odyss\u00e9e de Chokri Chouchane<\/font><\/h5>\n
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Ridha K\u00e9fi<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/p>\n
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Chokri Chouchane est n\u00e9 en 1973 \u00e0 Amirat el-Fhoul, pr\u00e8s de Monastir, en Tunisie. \u00c0 la mort de son p\u00e8re, il est contraint d’arr\u00eater sa scolarit\u00e9 et de multiplier les petits boulots pour subvenir aux besoins de sa m\u00e8re et de sa soeur. Pendant les mois d’\u00e9t\u00e9, il part travailler en Libye. \u00c0 plusieurs reprises, il tente d’\u00e9migrer en Europe, mais, chaque fois, il tombe sur de pseudo-passeurs qui lui volent son argent. Il a racont\u00e9 son odyss\u00e9e dans l’un des ateliers organis\u00e9s en marge du colloque de la LTDH. <\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00ab En novembre 2001, un ami m’a inform\u00e9 de l’imminence d’une harqa [travers\u00e9e clandestine]. Le rendez-vous \u00e9tait fix\u00e9 sur une plage de Sayada. Pour payer la travers\u00e9e, j’ai donn\u00e9 le collier de ma soeur que ma m\u00e8re m’avait remis \u00e0 cet effet. Le passeur m’a fait embarquer, avec une dizaine de passagers, sur un vieux bateau \u00e0 moteur. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Le voyage a dur\u00e9 cinq jours. Au bout de trois, nous \u00e9tions morts de fatigue et avions \u00e9puis\u00e9 nos r\u00e9serves d’eau et de nourriture. C’est l\u00e0 que le moteur est tomb\u00e9 en panne, \u00e0 quelques encablures de l’\u00eele de Lampedusa. La mer est devenue houleuse et nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s par le courant. Deux jours et deux nuits durant, nous avons ram\u00e9 d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Sans boire, sans manger et sans dormir. La cabine du moteur o\u00f9 j’avais trouv\u00e9 refuge a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre l’eau. Soudain, nous avons aper\u00e7u une faible lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 l’horizon. Ce n’\u00e9taient pas les rivages d’Italie, mais une plate-forme de forage p\u00e9trolier au large de Gab\u00e8s, dans les eaux territoriales tunisiennes. Les employ\u00e9s nous ont aid\u00e9s \u00e0 monter \u00e0 bord et ont pris soin de nous, avant de nous remettre aux gardes-c\u00f4tes tunisiens. Ces derniers nous ont interrog\u00e9s, puis nous ont rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s. Seul le capitaine a \u00e9cop\u00e9 d’un mois de prison. \u00bb <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Chokri travaille aujourd’hui dans une petite entreprise tunisienne et gagne 200 dinars (140 euros) par mois.<\/span><\/p>\n
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(Source\u00a0: JA\/L\u2019Intelligent N\u00b0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/font>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>N\u00b02217<\/span><\/i><\/span> du 6 au 13 juillet 2003)<\/span><\/i><\/strong> <\/p>\n
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39\u00e9me \u00a0Festival international de Carthage \u2014 Inauguration du cycle cin\u00e9ma<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Ce soir, premi\u00e8re du film de Brahim Baba\u00ef \u2014 Entretien avec le r\u00e9alisateur<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00abUne odyss\u00e9e, dans le sillage d\u2019un cin\u00e9ma moderne\u00bb<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
C\u2019est ce soir (samedi 12 juillet, NDLR) \u00e0 21h30 que Une odyss\u00e9e de Brahim Baba\u00ef sera projet\u00e9 en avant-premi\u00e8re au th\u00e9\u00e2tre romain de Carthage, inaugurant par l\u00e0 le cycle du programme cin\u00e9matographique du 39e Festival international de Carthage.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Une odyss\u00e9e est le troisi\u00e8me long m\u00e9trage de fiction de Baba\u00ef qui vient de voir la lumi\u00e8re en mai 2003, treize ans apr\u00e8s La nuit de la d\u00e9cennie, lequel est pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 de Et demain r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 1970. Le cin\u00e9ma de Baba\u00ef, si l\u2019on puit dire, a cette particularit\u00e9 de puiser dans la litt\u00e9rature tunisienne.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Ainsi c\u2019est paradoxalement son premier long m\u00e9trage Et demain qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019origine du roman Et ma part d\u2019horizon sign\u00e9 Abdelkader Ben Che\u00efkh. Lequel a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9criture du sc\u00e9nario avec Samir Ayadi et Brahim Baba\u00ef. Tandis que La nuit de la d\u00e9cennie est adapt\u00e9 de l\u2019\u0153uvre de Mohamed Salah El Jabri. Enfin, l\u2019id\u00e9e de Une odyss\u00e9e a germ\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la lecture de deux romans dont Les cendres de Carthage de Abdelaziz Belkhodja.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Si Baba\u00ef tient \u00e0 tirer ses opus de notre patrimoine litt\u00e9raire, c\u2019est parce qu\u2019\u00abil croit ferme dans la sp\u00e9cialisation\u00bb, nous dit-il. \u00abA chacun son m\u00e9tier\u00bb.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Son r\u00f4le consistant \u00e0 projeter sa vision et sa sensibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9alisateur sur un texte litt\u00e9raire adapt\u00e9 au cin\u00e9ma.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Bref, malgr\u00e9 la maladie et la fatigue qu\u2019il subit depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, Baba\u00ef a tenu \u00e0 signer son 4e long m\u00e9trage, si l\u2019on tient compte \u00e9galement du documentaire \u00abVictoire d\u2019un peuple\u00bb qu\u2019il a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 vers la fin des ann\u00e9es 70.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
A travers l\u2019entretien qui suit, le cin\u00e9aste nous \u00e9claire, avant les quelques heures qui nous s\u00e9parent de la projection du film, sur les enjeux et la forme de son \u00abodyss\u00e9e\u00bb mouvement\u00e9e \u00abo\u00f9 l\u2019action nous dit-il, domine\u00bb.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Une fa\u00e7on, toujours selon le r\u00e9alisateur, \u00abd\u2019op\u00e9rer en concoctant le premier thriller tunisien une rupture avec un certain cin\u00e9ma \u00e0 th\u00e8se \u00e0 la forme statique et pesante\u00bb. Tout en privil\u00e9giant un cin\u00e9ma vif, alerte et r\u00e9solument moderne. Interview.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Comment a germ\u00e9 l\u2019id\u00e9e de Une odyss\u00e9e?<\/i><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
J\u2019ai eu, un jour, entre les mains un roman intitul\u00e9 El Nakhass <\/i> (le marchand d\u2019esclaves) \u00e9crit par Slaheddine Boujah, actuellement d\u00e9put\u00e9, qui m\u2019a emball\u00e9. Je voulais l\u2019adapter au cin\u00e9ma d\u2019autant que l\u2019action se d\u00e9roule en pleine mer et dans plusieurs ports du monde. Mais en raison de la chert\u00e9 des droits d\u00e9tenus par la maison d\u2019\u00e9dition du livre j\u2019ai renonc\u00e9. Ensuite mon attention s\u2019est riv\u00e9e sur un autre roman sign\u00e9 Abdelaziz Belkhodja et intitul\u00e9 : Les cendres de Carthage.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n
C\u2019est de l\u00e0 qu\u2019est n\u00e9e l\u2019id\u00e9e du film. J\u2019ai alors confi\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9criture du sc\u00e9nario \u00e0 Abdelaziz Belkhodja et \u00e0 Tahar Faza\u00e2. Par la suite, c\u2019est Jean-Marc Rudnicki qui a pris en charge la forme d\u00e9finitive du sc\u00e9nario.<\/span><\/p>\n
Pourquoi autant d\u2019intervenants sur le sc\u00e9nario?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
C\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 chaque fois, je n\u2019\u00e9tais pas satisfait du produit final. Certes Tahar Faz\u00e2\u00e2 a apport\u00e9 un plus, mais le cin\u00e9ma n\u2019\u00e9tant pas, comme on le sait, un art local, mais universel, j\u2019ai fait appel \u00e0 J.R. Rudnicki afin d\u2019insuffler un ton plus universel \u00e0 l\u2019action et au rythme.<\/span><\/p>\n
D\u2019habitude, vos films sont des drames traitant de pr\u00e9occupations sociales et politiques, avec Une odyss\u00e9e <\/i>vous changez de cap, puisque c\u2019est l\u2019action qui prime?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
J\u2019ai constat\u00e9, au cours de mon parcours de cin\u00e9aste, que les films \u00e0 th\u00e8se trait\u00e9s sous une forme statique ennuie le public. Je me suis dit pourquoi ne pas traiter un sujet important de mani\u00e8re attrayante en privil\u00e9giant des ingr\u00e9dients tels que l\u2019action et le suspense dans une forme fa\u00e7on thriller. J\u2019ai voulu rompre avec la voie r\u00e9p\u00e9titive dans laquelle s\u2019est confin\u00e9 le cin\u00e9ma tunisien en optant pour un cin\u00e9ma r\u00e9solument moderne fond et forme confondus. Un cin\u00e9ma o\u00f9 le public se reconna\u00eet et d\u00e9couvre la Tunisie du XXIe si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/p>\n
Mais avec Une odyss\u00e9e <\/i>vous affirmez qu\u2019il s\u2019agit du premier thriller tunisien?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Oui je le pense. De toute mani\u00e8re et je vous l\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 dit, le choix de la forme s\u2019est impos\u00e9 \u00e0 moi, car afin de passer le message au plus grand nombre, j\u2019ai opt\u00e9 pour le genre \u00abthriller\u00bb qui a fait ses preuves dans ce sens qu\u2019il repr\u00e9sente un style et un langage \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de tous. Je m\u2019adresse au public \u00e0 travers le langage qu\u2019il comprend.<\/span><\/p>\n
Pourquoi avoir opt\u00e9 pour un tel titre, Une odyss\u00e9e?<\/i><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Il est vrai que j\u2019avais d\u2019abord intitul\u00e9 ce film L\u2019odyss\u00e9e. <\/i>Mais apr\u00e8s en avoir discut\u00e9 avec un ami, ce dernier m\u2019a conseill\u00e9 de l\u2019intituler Une odyss\u00e9e. <\/i>Ce qui veut dire une travers\u00e9e parmi tant d\u2019autres. Alors que l\u2019Odyss\u00e9e<\/i>, est un titre qui r\u00e9f\u00e8re plut\u00f4t \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019Hom\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n
Quels sont les enjeux du film?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Le film pose un probl\u00e8me culturel et civilisationnel appelant \u00e0 la protection et \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense de notre patrimoine et de notre m\u00e9moire culturels. Bref, de notre civilisation. C\u2019est pourquoi le film est une sorte de cri d\u2019alarme pouss\u00e9 dans le but d\u2019attirer l\u2019attention de tous et de sensibiliser le plus grand nombre, ici et ailleurs, sur le fl\u00e9au du trafic d\u2019objets d\u2019art et sur le pillage syst\u00e9matique et organis\u00e9 du patrimoine.<\/span><\/p>\n
L\u2019illustration la plus \u00e9clatante de ce fl\u00e9au \u00e9tant le pillage sauvage du mus\u00e9e de Bagdad lors de la guerre contre l\u2019Irak.<\/span><\/p>\n
Est-ce que le pillage de pi\u00e8ces arch\u00e9ologiques existe chez nous?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Il existe partout dans le monde. Rappelez-vous, il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, une affaire de trafic d\u2019objets d\u2019art a d\u00e9fray\u00e9 la chronique et les coupables ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s et pass\u00e9s en jugement.<\/span><\/p>\n
Pour quelle raison avez-vous choisi de faire jouer dans le r\u00f4le principal, une actrice jordano-palestinienne?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Parce que Saba Moubarak est, \u00e0 la fois, une belle femme et une bonne com\u00e9dienne qui jouit de qualit\u00e9s artistiques ind\u00e9niables. Il faut le dire, chez nous, il n\u2019existe pas de com\u00e9diennes entre 25 et 30 ans qui ont \u00e0 la fois le profil de mon personnage et du talent. Sachez enfin que Saba Moubarak est \u00e9galement tunisienne, puisqu\u2019elle a \u00e9pous\u00e9 un r\u00e9alisateur tunisien. Et c\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs, l\u2019un de vos coll\u00e8gues \u00e0 La Presse<\/i> qui m\u2019a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de choisir cette actrice qu\u2019il a d\u00e9couverte lors de l\u2019un de ses voyages en Jordanie. En la rencontrant, j\u2019ai tout de suite \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9duit.<\/span><\/p>\n
Sachez que dans Une odyss\u00e9e<\/i>, elle joue son premier r\u00f4le au cin\u00e9ma, puisqu\u2019elle a jusqu\u2019ici interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 des personnages de feuilleton et de pi\u00e8ces de th\u00e9\u00e2tre arabes.<\/span><\/p>\n
Justement, parlez-nous des personnages du film et, pour commencer, quel type de personnage campe Saba Moubarak?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Elle interpr\u00e8te le personnage de In\u00e8s<\/b>, une tr\u00e8s belle veuve, \u00e9l\u00e9gante et myst\u00e9rieuse dont pratiquement tous les autres personnages masculins sont amoureux. Et notre h\u00e9ro\u00efne joue de son charme pour embobiner tout le monde\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n
Les autres personnages masculins tournant autour de In\u00e8s sont : <\/span> <\/p>\n
\u2014 Ely\u00e8s<\/b> (Ezzeddine Gannoun), un inspecteur de police, teigneux et opini\u00e2tre, qui n\u2019a confiance en personne et pour qui tous les personnages sont des suspects.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u2014 Mehdi <\/b>(Noureddine Souli), est un arch\u00e9ologue monolithique droit, \u00e0 la limite trop droit, obnubil\u00e9 par une double passion : l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie et son h\u00e9ros de tous les temps, Hannibal. Mehdi est pr\u00eat \u00e0 tout pour d\u00e9fendre ses credos et sa passion.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u2014 Slimane<\/b> (Raouf Ben Amor) expert en arch\u00e9ologie ,n\u2019est autre qu\u2019un pilleur du patrimoine africain. Il pille la m\u00e9moire africaine pour \u00abla vendre\u00bb en Europe au plus offrant \u00abafin d\u2019orner les toilettes des riches\u00bb<\/i> comme le dit l\u2019arch\u00e9ologue.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u2014 Ali<\/b> (Jamel Madani), un homme de main et en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un tueur, un voleur, mais il reste humain, puisqu\u2019il est lui aussi amoureux fou d\u2019In\u00e8s.<\/span><\/p>\n
Quels sont vos partis pris artistiques dans ce film?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Raconter l\u2019histoire telle que je l\u2019ai sentie, tout en offrant au public du spectacle \u00e0 travers \u00abun langage qu\u2019il comprend\u00bb.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n
Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, pour mat\u00e9rialiser l\u2019action, comment avez-vous proc\u00e9d\u00e9? Avez-vous opt\u00e9 pour un filmage cam\u00e9ra \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9paule\u2026?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Non, la cam\u00e9ra est utilis\u00e9e sur les rails ou sur grue. Il y a du mouvement \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du plan. Puisque nous avons beaucoup film\u00e9 en travelling tout en privil\u00e9giant le plan-s\u00e9quence afin de donner de l\u2019ampleur aux situations et au mouvement.<\/span><\/p>\n
Et la production, comment cela s\u2019est-il pass\u00e9?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Quand j\u2019ai obtenu en 1999 l\u2019aide \u00e0 la production du minist\u00e8re de la Culture de l\u2019ordre de 400.000 dinars, j\u2019ai charg\u00e9 M. N\u00e9jib Ayed, en tant que producteur ex\u00e9cutif, de trouver d\u2019autres financements. Ainsi outre la subvention de l\u2019ERTT, de l\u2019ordre de 113.000 dinars, nous avons b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une participation exceptionnelle de la CTN (Compagnie tunisienne de navigation) qui a mis \u00e0 notre disposition le joyau qu\u2019est \u00abCarthage\u00bb pour huit travers\u00e9es aller et retour entre Tunis-Marseille et G\u00eanes. Avec \u00e0 bord de ce car-ferry 60 personnes entre \u00e9quipe technique et artistique, et les figurants dont les billets de voyage, le s\u00e9jour et la restauration ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge par la CTN.<\/span><\/p>\n
D\u2019autres sponsors nous ont aid\u00e9s : l\u2019ONTT, Tunisair, la SFBT (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de brasserie tunisienne), etc. En tout et pour tout, le budget du film s\u2019est \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 1,5 million de dinars en tr\u00e9sorerie et en service.<\/span><\/p>\n
Il s\u2019est pass\u00e9 tout de m\u00eame trois ans entre le tournage en 2000 et la finition du film?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
En fait, il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9vu que tous les travaux de post-production soient r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans les laboratoires de Gammarth, mais h\u00e9las, en raison d\u2019une pi\u00e8ce d\u00e9fectueuse, nous n\u2019avons fait que le d\u00e9veloppement du film. Le montage n\u00e9gatif, les trucages, l\u2019\u00e9talonnage et le tirage des copies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. D\u2019o\u00f9 le temps \u00e9coul\u00e9. Et c\u2019est donc gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 d\u2019autres compl\u00e9ments de financement, notamment 120.000 dinars de l\u2019AIF (Agence internationale de la francophonie) et les 45.000 dinars de la t\u00e9l\u00e9 marocaine \u00ab2M\u00bb que nous avons pu terminer le film.<\/span><\/p>\n
Parlez-nous des conditions de production : ont-elles \u00e9t\u00e9 bonnes ou mauvaises?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 excessivement difficiles parce que nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs contraintes \u00e9videntes. D\u2019abord climatiques, puisque nous avons tourn\u00e9 en plein hiver, d\u2019octobre \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2000, et qu\u2019il est arriv\u00e9 que certains jours l\u2019\u00e9quipe technique et artistique soit carr\u00e9ment malade car \u00e7a tanguait fort sur le bateau \u00e0 cause du mauvais temps.<\/span><\/p>\n
Ensuite, des contraintes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 : certaines sc\u00e8nes difficiles techniquement \u00e9taient tourn\u00e9es la nuit et on craignait, outre les incidents, de perturber le confort des passagers. Car tourner une sc\u00e8ne de pluie artificielle quand le bateau \u00e9tait en pleine vitesse de croisi\u00e8re soit 45 n\u0153uds ou 70 km \u00e0 l\u2019heure n\u2019est pas \u00e9vident.<\/span><\/p>\n
A quelle date est pr\u00e9vue la sortie commerciale de Une Odyss\u00e9e ?<\/i><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
En septembre 2003, dans six salles du pays dont trois \u00e0 Tunis et trois \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur : Bizerte, Sousse et Sfax.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0(Source\u00a0: La Presse du 12 juillet 2003<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.lapresse.tn\/culture\/uneodyssee.html<\/span><\/a> )<\/p>\n
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Une culture ou un aveuglement?<\/strong><\/p>\n
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A l’issue de ce triste sort qu’a connu la Tunisie durant cette periode sombre de son histoire sous le regne de la dictature tunisienne depuis le 7 novembre noir 1987, je me pose la question: quel avenir aurait la Tunisie dans l’ere de la mondialistion si la democratie est fondee sur la culte de personnalite et sur un dictateur? En Tunisie, le tout pouvoir tourne toujours autour du president (dictateur) qui connait tout et que les soumis le reconnaissent comme guide supreme de la nation par sa clairvoyance alors que dans les vraies democraties le peuple choisit par les urnes d’une facon transparente son president. Il est vrai qu’en Tunisie, la seule force repressive joue un role primordial dans l’instauration de cet etat d’esprit mais aussi le silence de la majorite en est aussi pour quelque chose. A examiner le bilan de la dictature tunisienne au niveau de la gestion du pays, le constat est sombre. De la se pose la vraie question: le dictateur possede-t-il vraiment les competences pour assumer la responsabite de diriger le pays? Son entourage, ses complices ou ses compagnons le sont-ils aussi bien que lui? Comme ils forment le noyau de la dictature, ils ont contribue par leur assistance et par leur incomptence a freiner a jamais le progres economique et le developpement social en Tunisie. Si le parti destructeur de la Tunisie de la dictature le RCD deciderait dans son congres d’imposer un nouveau heritier de la dictature, les choses ne changeraient jamais et il n’y aurait aucune evolution sur tous les plans democratique, economique et social.<\/font><\/p>\n
Les malheurs sucitant cette stagnation viennent surement de la culte de la personnalite et du tout pouvoir autour du dictateur. La culture democratique (dictatoriale) reste centree autour de cette personne president dictateur. D’ailleurs, ceux qui ont suivi les proces des opposants democrates constatent que toute liberation serait conditionnelle et que la dictature use de tous ses moyens pour persuader les contestaires a sa politique de croire a la grace presidentielle qui, est comprise sous entendue par demander pardon du president dictateur. Pourquoi la dictature joue-t-elle ce jeu? C’est parce qu’on l’avait faite habituee a ce jeu et elle a trouve que ca marchait bien par le passe. Prise au piege par ses deboires et par la diffusion en direct des voix de l’opposition, la dictature tunisienne n’a pas manque l’occasion de parler au nom meme des opposants pour demander pardon de la dictature pour creer des divisions au sein de l’opposition et faire croire a elle que la grace presidentielle (ou le pardon presidentiel) serait l’ultime recours. Cela montre a tel point que la dictature tunisienne est en manque d’arguments pour legitimer son pouvoir mais aussi qu’elle est en perte de vitesse de cette legitimite prise par la force. Son recours au remodelage de la constitution aborderait aussi dans le sens de cette legitimite. Tous ces gestes de sa part prouvent combien la dictature tunisienne est fragilisee et combien elle est en difficulte de se maintenir au pouvoir.<\/font><\/p>\n
D’ailleurs, on voit bien que la dictature se fixe sur son scenario habituel vis-a-vis ses opposants et le proces de ZY rentrerait dans cette logique. Elle a reouvert son proces pour double raison: montrer a la communaute internationale que le cas de ZY a ete reaximine et que la justice a fait son travail sans commettre d’erreur donc legitimier l’injustice et par consequent pousser ZY a demander la grace presidentielle. Ce qui aurait pour resulat de rendre ZY fautif mais le placer en citoyen en sursis comme la dictature a pris l’habitude de le faire avec ses opposants. Cette strategie adoptee par la dictature est l’essence meme du pouvoir dictatorial. Dans de tel cas, on ne pourrait jamais parler d’independance de justice mais plutot d’un abus de pouvoir de la part de la dictature, d’atteinte a la liberte individuelle et d’une tentative de prolonger le regne de la dictature par la force du pouvoir. <\/font> <\/p>\n
Il est du devoir de tout tunisien de denoncer cette maniere sale de gouverner de la part de la dictature et de couper avec les habitudes de la dictature tunisiene qui sont bien destructrices de la democratie .<\/font><\/p>\n
La Colombe<\/font><\/strong> \u00a9Tous droits reserves<\/font><\/p>\n
(Source: le forum de TUNeZINE\u00a0\u00a0le 13-07-2003 14:37)<\/font><\/p>\n
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 13 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2003) <\/font><\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Un journal libanais l\u00e9ve le voile sur les travaux en cours d\u2019une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs dont fait partie Moncef Ben Abdeljeli, qui enseigne la litt\u00e9rature et les sciences humaines \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Sousse.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
Ils essaient d\u2019\u00e9laborer des \u00ab\u00a0Lectures alternatives\u00a0\u00bb du saint Coran \u2026 \u00e0 partir d\u2019une certaine copie Y\u00e9m\u00e9nite\u00a0!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Giving the Koran a history: Holy Book under scrutiny<\/font><\/h5>\n
Critical readings of the Muslim scripture offer alternative interpretations of well-known passages<\/strong><\/p>\n
Scholars draw techniques of textual criticism from those used to analyze Bible<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Jim Quilty Daily Star staff <\/font><\/u><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Moncef Ben Abdeljelil is a small academic, presently pinned between two large journalists. Back to the wall, he is ruminating on alternative readings of the Koran. <\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u201cDetails I will leave to future study,\u201d says Abdeljelil. \u201cBut I think some of the different readings we find will affect the female condition, tolerance vis-a-vis Jews and Christians. Another will effect legislation \u2026\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
He reaches for his pipe, then puts it back in the ashtray. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cThis is the exciting thing about these alternative readings. We need to rethink the whole legal aspect of what can be drawn from the Koran. I believe this critical edition will enlarge our thinking about women\u2019s condition, religious tolerance, what we call human rights.\u201d \u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
A professor of literature and human science at Sousse University in Tunis, Abdeljelil heads a team of scholars compiling a critical edition of the Koran. The book will publish a number of alternative readings found in a collection of Koranic mashaf (mas-Haf, or manuscripts) \u00ad some dating from the first Islamic century \u00ad that had been stockpiled in the Grand Mosque in Sanaa and uncovered three decades ago. <\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Abdeljelil and his colleagues were in Beirut recently attending a Koranic studies workshop, Modernity and Islam, sponsored by the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung \u00ad the foundation of the German-Christian Democratic Party. The conference brought together scholars from as far afield as Yemen and Germany and approaches ranging from the traditional to the radical \u00ad the latter potentially quite upsetting to devout Muslims. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
The first tentative conclusions published by researchers with access to the Yemeni mashaf reveal that in several cases the organization of the text is different \u00ad the suras (chapters) sometimes in a different order \u00ad and that there are differences in the text itself. Because published findings are few, though, it is still impossible to say how wide is the divergence from the authoritative text. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Abdeljelil speculates that, were his small team bolstered with more scholars, the edition could be published in as soon as 10 years. He is cautiously enthusiastic about the project. He has good reason to be cautious. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Since its revelation, the central scripture of the Muslim community has been kept outside history in a way that has no equivalent in the Christian tradition. The Old and New Testaments have been scrutinized by textual critics since the 19th century \u00ad peeling back the several, often dissonant, voices from various eras that were cobbled together to form the Christian scripture. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
For devout Muslims, treating the Koran in this manner is inconceivable. Where Christians generally concede that the Bible was written by men, the Koran is believed to have been handed down from God to the Prophet Mohammed, without human intervention, in Arabic \u00ad perfect, immutable in message, language, style, and form. The oneness of the Koran stands as a metaphor for Islam\u2019s conception of the oneness of God. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
By applying the same techniques of textual criticism that have been used with the Bible, Abdeljelil and his colleagues are giving the Koran a history. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Abdeljelil is quick to note that this project is not the first of its kind.\u00ad European scholars have been looking at the Yemeni mashaf for years now. He would point out that within Islamic heritage there are different readings of the Koranic text. But the impact of the critical edition will be profound. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cIn the Sanaa parchments we found a radically different method of transcription, a different way of reading the Koran. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cIt could change some sharp interpretations of the text,\u201d he says, \u201cand will lead to another way of thinking about the Koran. \u201cIn Islamic thought today you have fundamentalist projects, all of them fighting against new ways of rethinking Islam. They argue that the Koran doesn\u2019t allow new approaches and interpretations. \u2018We can\u2019t change anything,\u2019 they say. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cTo fix the meanings of the discourse within the Koran forever is dangerous. This text is embedded in history and has to be reviewed in this light \u2026 This project is not only about editing the text but initiating new ways of re-interpreting the Koran.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Contentious as it is, the Tunisian project was not the most controversial one discussed in Beirut. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Late in 2000 a small press in Germany published Die Syro-aramaeische Lesart des Koran (The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran). The author, a philologist writing under the pseudonym Christoph Luxenberg, has proposed that the Koran as we know it today is a misreading. Luxenberg asserts that Koranic Arabic is not Arabic at all, at least not in the sense assumed by the classical commentators. It is written, rather, in the dialect of the Prophet\u2019s tribe, the Meccan Quraysh, and heavily influenced by Aramaic. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Luxenberg\u2019s premise is that the Aramaic language \u00ad the lingua franca of the Prophet Mohammed, the language of culture and Christian liturgy \u00ad had a profound influence on the Koran. Extensive borrowing was necessary simply because at the time of the Prophet, Arabic was not yet sophisticated enough for scriptural composition. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Though his ideas were very much in play at the Beirut workshop, the man responsible for the most contentious thesis in Koranic studies today was absent. One of Luxenberg\u2019s advocates is Michael Marx, a graduate student at the Free University of Berlin. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cIf we understand that Arabic had no scriptural tradition before the Koran \u00ad rock inscriptions aside \u00ad if we imagine the Prophet living in a city where Christians and their scripture were present, it\u2019s no wonder that certain liturgical terms \u00ad salat (prayer), zakat (religious charity) \u00ad seeped into Arabic from Syriac. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cLuxenberg suggests that even the word \u2018Koran\u2019 is Syriac, derived from qeryana, a term from the Christian liturgy that means \u2018lectionary\u2019 \u00ad a book of set liturgical readings. Luxenberg goes back in time to ask the question of what may have happened, why is the Koran as it is? Maybe he exaggerates in arguing that everything can be explained in term of Aramaic. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cBut languages don\u2019t die after all,\u201d he continues, \u201cthey leave traces. Imagine people learning these two languages \u00ad there will invariably be traces of one felt upon the other. \u201cContemporary dialects of Arabic have many Aramaic substrata. But the languages are so close that the borrowings are unconscious.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
When an authoritative text of the Koran was finally set down \u00ad a task commanded by Uthman, the third caliph \u00ad it was done with neither the diacritical marks (the dots) that distinguish individual letters nor short vowels. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Luxenberg argues that by the time Muslim commentators got to interpreting the precise meaning of the text, two centuries after the Prophet\u2019s death, the Aramaic loan words were mis-read as Arabic. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
His method of inquiry is a complex one, but basically Luxenberg has read certain problematic passages of the Koran through an Aramaic lens. To a modern eye, his readings sometimes make more sense in the context of the sura. They often radically change the meaning. One of Luxenberg\u2019s more elegant re-readings comes during a difficult section of sura 19 (known as Surat Mariam, or Mary\u2019s Sura). Mary has given birth to Jesus out of wedlock and, fearing people\u2019s response, has fled her home. Then God reassures her: \u201cThen he called to her from beneath her: \u2018Grieve not; thy Lord hath placed beneath thee a streamlet.\u2019\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Luxenberg is not alone in being baffled by the meaning of this line. Re-translating the sentence as one with Aramaic loan words, he concludes that it should be read: \u201cHe called to her immediately after her laying-down (to give birth): \u2018Grieve not; thy Lord has made your laying-down legitimate.\u2019\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Another more contentious conclusion was picked up by journalists at the New York Times and the Guardian after Sept. 11, 2001, because it seems to have direct implications for the aspirations of those hijackers, and Muslim suicide bombers generally. It concerns the houris, the angels or virgins whom, it is written, await those who attain paradise. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Luxenberg argues that \u201chur\u201d are not virgins but grapes or raisins, specifically white grapes \u00ad which were considered a great delicacy at the time. Luxenberg\u2019s restored version of the houris lines thus reads: \u201cWe will let them (the blessed in Paradise) be refreshed with white (grapes), (like) jewels (of crystal).\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
It is a less sensual notion of everlasting life to be sure, but, given that the virgins have always been said to be female, a less patriarchal one as well. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
For Marx the most important thing about Luxenberg\u2019s book is that it raises certain questions that \u00ad for reason of historical circumstance alone \u00ad have become taboo. On one hand post-colonial cultural studies has come to be marked by political correctness. On the other hand the post-WWII era saw the decline of German as a language of scholarly inquiry outside Germany; since the philologists\u2019 approach to Koranic studies was the forte of German-language scholarship, it has come to be considered old-fashioned. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cIn the midst of this,\u201d Marx says, \u201cthe question of what happened in the first two centuries of Islamic history was lost. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cThese two centuries are a sort of dark age for us. Something happened in the 7th and 8th centuries, but we only know about it through texts from the late 8th through 10th centuries. \u201cIt seems to me,\u201d Marx remarks, \u201cthat there\u2019s something questionable about the proposition that the Muslim oral tradition worked so perfectly.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
The Luxenberg thesis is quite separate from Abdeljelil\u2019s critical work on the Koran. Luxenberg worked not with old mashaf but the 1923 Egyptian edition of the Koran. The Tunisians are skeptical of Luxenberg\u2019s conclusions\u00a0 but they support his method. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cAs an approach we are not bothered by what Luxenberg has proposed, nor with his premise that there are languages that had an impact upon Arabic. In fact we would go so far as to encourage it.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Abdeljelil and his colleagues have problems with Luxenberg drawing conclusions drawn from the 1923 text rather than the mashaf. Also \u201cyou \u2026 have to consider the \u2018oral text\u2019 as well (as the written texts) \u2026 If you do not do so, you will be unable to make very critical conclusions. \u201cA third issue is that you cannot talk about \u2026 the Syriac origins of words, phrases and so forth, without considering other genres of literature. Arabic poetry for instance. The Koran is a genre of literature and you need to compare the genres to understand how the Syriac and the Arabic languages shared the culture at that time. This is lacking in Luxenberg.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
One thing the Luxenberg and Abdeljelil projects do have in common is that, though scholarly enterprises, they are implicitly political as well. Indeed, as Marx points out, the issue of deciding upon the authoritative text of the Koran is inherently political. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cThe idea of canonizing a text is to close it down. What\u2019s before Uthman (ie before 640-650CE) is open to discussion. It\u2019s a black box \u2026 The important thing is, Uthman wants Muslims in the newly conquered lands to be referring to the same text. This makes the political intent clear.\u201d Inevitably the issue of Koranic investigation too is political. One example of a Muslim response to the present line of Koranic research came in a 1987 paper Method Against Truth: Orientalism and Koranic Studies, an invective against Western Koranic scholarship by critic S. Parvez Manzoor. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cAt the greatest hour of his worldly triumph,\u201d he writes, \u201cWestern man, co-ordinating the powers of the State, Church and Academia, launched his most determined assault on the citadel of Muslim faith. All the aberrant streaks of his arrogant personality \u00ad its reckless rationalism, its world-domineering phantasy and its sectarian fanaticism \u00ad joined in an unholy conspiracy to dislodge the Muslim Scripture from its firmly entrenched position as the epitome of historic authenticity and moral unassailability. The ultimate trophy \u2026 was the Muslim mind itself.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Gregor Meiering isn\u2019t afraid of being accused of cultural imperialism. Meiering, the resident representative at the Near East regional office of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, was the animateur for the two-day workshop in Beirut. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cAlthough the Foundation has a program, convictions, and an agenda, we usually share this agenda, program and convictions with a local partner who works with us, is interested in the same topics, asks the same questions. They do not necessarily give the same answers but they are involved in a common enterprise. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cThis is the case \u2026 whether promoting democracy or the rule of law or regional cooperation or in dealing with globalization, economic issues or, as now, cultural dialogue that can be but needn\u2019t necessarily be linked to religion. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cYou\u2019ll find that not only are we doing things that other people are interested in \u00ad in Tunis, Yemen, Lebanon \u00ad but topics that have already been very high on the agenda in the past. \u201cThere is more of a rediscovery of things in this than an inventing of an artificial Orient that, by consequence, would be dominated by people from outside this Orient.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Meiering is an unabashed orientalist and a critic of the discipline\u2019s best-known critic. \u201cI very much reject the notion of Orientalism as used by Edward Said,\u201d he says. \u201cI do so openly.\u201d His main problem with Said is that he looks at the work of two 19th-century orientalists and implicates the entire literature in their shortcomings. He also faults Said for not examining German orientalist work. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cThere is one structural weakness to Said\u2019s argument,\u201d Meiering continues, \u201c\u2026 Orientalists, he says, produce an image of the east, place all orientals into it and then make it easily manipulable. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cBut if it were all just invented, all imagined, why is it that all these peoples have become victims \u00ad if you would like to see it that way \u00ad of colonialism? If (orientalist) ideas were completely wrong, how have these countries come to control the peoples of the Orient? There must, then, have been something true in their assessment, something insightful in what they wrote.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Though engaged in the political critique of his discipline, he regards the re-reading of the Koran to be a banal exercise. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cIf you go back into the history of Islamic thought you\u2019ll find that many arguments being raised by scholars today \u2026 have been raised by scholars of the Muslim tradition. \u201cYou could qualify the entire effort to determine the genuine traditions of the Prophet from the invented ones as an historical-critical enterprise by Muslim scholars throughout the centuries. (Today\u2019s orientalists) look at their own historical-critical methods as a prolongation of (older) techniques. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cCertainly the fact that there has been such a reluctance on the part of Muslims \u00ad Muslim scholars included \u00ad makes the project not only a philological one but a social and political one.\u201d When pressed to acknowledge that the enterprise has an inherently liberal agenda, Meiering is frank. \u201cI can\u2019t stress too much that the intellectual plays a role in politics and in society. The present situation in this region calls for a renewal of this role.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Intellectuals, he says, serve a mediating role in society and in this regard (the foundation) refuses to be exclusive in the sorts of intellectuals it deals with. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cIn past decades attempts have been made to make progress quicker and more thoroughly by sidelining what was called conservative elements and betting on technocrats and secular intellectuals \u00ad both by foreign agents and local regimes. No successes emerged.\u201d At the end of the day Meiering simply refuses to see East-West relations as a dialogue of the powerful and powerless. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cPeople see globalization as\u00a0 Westernization. But globalization hasn\u2019t been Westernization since the 19th century. The Europeanization of the world is done. We are now living in an era in which the empire has, as it were, struck back \u00ad rai music and Indian restaurants.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Devout Muslims might be forgiven if they do not see things in such benevolent terms. Indeed, it is difficult not to notice that, at this particular workshop at least, there was a curious correspondence between Luxenberg skeptics (Arabs) and Luxenberg advocates (generally Europeans). <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Similarly the critical edition of the Koran is, so far, a wholly Tunisian venture, its scholars the product of the most westward-looking legal and education systems in the Arab world. Marx sees the divided response to Luxenberg as less a political matter than an existential one. \u201cArab Muslim scholars grow up with a different perspective of the Koran because their upbringing with Arabic. I\u2019m less emotionally attached to a given reading because I learned the language much later. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cAcquiring knowledge at a young age is very different from doing so later. It isn\u2019t simply an intellectual matter, but emotional as well. It\u2019s like telling a grownup that his parents aren\u2019t really his parents.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
The scholars agree that their fiddling with the Koran will likely not be well received. \u201cThe popular response will never be positive,\u201d says Abdeljelil. \u201cEven if our project were done by true Muslims in a very Islamic country, people would never accept it because the popular imagination is manipulated by different trends. The massive number of population \u2026 believe this text is a divine work that cannot be touched.\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Abdeljelil advocates a sort of intellectual trickle-down theory of Koranic criticism. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cI think this project should first be initiated within academic circles. After that you could bring it to workshops, theses and dissertations. Then, after 10 or 15 years, you can bring it to a broader segment of society. <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u201cIf you even talk about the distinction between the mashaf and the Koran, a very obvious idea, people will say \u2018He is not a believer.\u2019\u201d <\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
Abdeljelil takes up his pipe again. \u201cNever mind the people. In our workshop in Beirut, a scholar asked us, \u2018How can you make this distinction?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/span> <\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
(Source: le journal libanais The Daily Star, le 12 juillet 2003<\/span><\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/12_07_03\/art16.asp<\/span><\/a> )<\/span><\/p>\n
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