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Reuters: Tunisie – L’opposant Djebali entame une gr\u00e8ve de la faim <\/p>\n
Tahar Ben Hassine: Soutenir Hamadi Jbali et tous les d\u00e9tenus islamistes est un imp\u00e9ratif d\u00e9mocratique<\/font> <\/div>\n
EDLDT: Appel Urgent \u00e0 l\u2019AISPP<\/font> <\/div>\n
V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action: Le 16 janvier 2003 : journ\u00e9e de mobilisation en faveur de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du Barreau tunisien<\/font> <\/div>\n
Citoyenne tunisienne: La campagne contre le port du foulard en Tunisie: – \u00e7a ne devrait pas passer cette fois!!!!<\/font> <\/div>\n
Un point de vue Belge sur le tourisme en Tunisie<\/font> <\/div>\n
Invitation \u00e0 une Conf\u00e9rence-D\u00e9bat \u00e0 Gen\u00e9ve\u00a0\u00e0 \u00a0l\u2019occasion de la parution du livre :\u00a0\u00bbLA\u00a0 TUNISIE DE\u00a0 BEN ALI ,La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 contre le r\u00e9gime\u00a0\u00bb<\/font> <\/div>\n
Human Rights Watch: Tunisie : Rapport Mondial 2002<\/font> AFP: Madrid favorable \u00e0 un sommet de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e occidentale \u00e0 Tunis AP: Forte hausse en 2002 des recettes de privatisation en Tunisie<\/font> AP: La s\u00e9cheresse plombe la production d’oranges tunisiennes AFP: Les Etats arabes d\u00e9cident de r\u00e9primer des activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es au terrorisme<\/font><\/font> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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GR\u00c8VE DE LA FAIM DU JOURNALISTE HAMADI JEBALI :SUTE<\/font> <\/div>\n
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Tunisie – L’opposant Djebali entame une gr\u00e8ve de la faim<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
REUTERS, le 14.01.2003 \u00e0 18h40 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TUNIS, 14 janvier (Reuters) – L’opposant islamiste tunisien Hammadi Djebali a entam\u00e9 une gr\u00e8ve de la faim pour d\u00e9noncer ses conditions de d\u00e9tention, ont annonc\u00e9 mardi son \u00e9pouse et un groupe de prisonniers. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Selon Amnesty International et d’autres organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l’homme, un millier d’islamistes sont d\u00e9tenus dans les prisons de Tunisie. Les partis islamistes y sont interdits, mais le gouvernement assure qu’il n’y a pas d’activistes politiques dans ses prisons. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Djebali, 54 ans, a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 seize ans de r\u00e9clusion en 1992 en tant que dirigeant de la Nahda, parti islamiste interdit. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0Mon mari a commenc\u00e9 une gr\u00e8ve de la faim lundi pour protester contre ses huit ann\u00e9es d’isolement et r\u00e9clamer sa lib\u00e9ration\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 son \u00e9pouse Wahida \u00e0 Reuters. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dj\u00e9bali est incarc\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison de haute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d’Annadour, \u00e0 60 km au nord de Tunis. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0Le prisonnier politique Djebali, ancien r\u00e9dacteur en chef du journal al Fajr, a entam\u00e9 une gr\u00e8ve de la faim lundi pour exiger sa lib\u00e9ration et celle d’autres prisonniers\u00a0\u00bb, dit un communiqu\u00e9 d’un groupe de d\u00e9fense des droits des prisonniers, l’Association internationale de soutien aux prisonniers politiques (AISSP, non autoris\u00e9e). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Le dirigeant du Parti communiste (interdit), Hamma Hammami, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9 sur parole en septembre apr\u00e8s une longue gr\u00e8ve de la faim observ\u00e9e par sa femme, Radhia Nasraoui. Mais le dissident Abdelwaheb Bousaa, emprisonn\u00e9 pour appartenance \u00e0 la Nahda, est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en mars dernier apr\u00e8s un je\u00fbne de quatre mois qui visait \u00e0 d\u00e9noncer ses conditions de d\u00e9tention, selon un groupe local de d\u00e9fense des droits de l’homme. \u00a0 REUTERS<\/font><\/p>\n
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\u00a0 <\/span>\u064a\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 , \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 , \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0640\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 . <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/span>\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 , \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0640\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0648 \u064f\u0646\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u00a0 <\/span>\u0639\u0640\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00a0 <\/span>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 . <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/span>\u0648 \u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 , \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 . \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641 \u0639\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0640\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 <\/span>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 , \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u00a0 <\/span>\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629\u00a0 <\/span>\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 . <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u0639\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f : <\/font>\u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/font><\/font> <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/font><\/font><\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n
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\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/font><\/span> <\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639<\/font><\/p>\n
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\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u00a0 <\/span>13.01.2003 \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0640\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0640\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0640\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00a0\u00bb \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u00a0\u00bb \u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0646\u0627\u00a0 <\/span>\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0 <\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629, \u0642\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648\u062d\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u00a0 <\/span>\u0628\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a. <\/o:p> <\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/o:p> <\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648<\/span>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u00bb \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u00bb \u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 . <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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<\/o:p> <\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u0648<\/strong><\/span> <\/span>\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u00bb \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u00a0 <\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 .<\/strong><\/span><\/font><\/font>\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font><\/span>\u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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Soutenir Hamadi Jbali et tous les d\u00e9tenus islamistes est un imp\u00e9ratif d\u00e9mocratique<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Tahar Ben Hassine<\/font><\/strong> \u00a0 Que signifie aujourd’hui la d\u00e9tention de centaines de militants islamistes, sinon un acharnement contre toute l’opposition? Les faits sont clairs, ce ne sont pas les islamistes qui sont vis\u00e9s, c’est toute opposition et toute __expression divergente. Il devient de ce fait un imp\u00e9ratif de survie politique de lutter de toutes nos forces pour la lib\u00e9ration de tous les d\u00e9tenus politiques, de quelque tendance qu’ils soient. Les d\u00e9rives de la violence islamiste sont d\u00e9sormais loin derri\u00e8re nous. Et il s’av\u00e8re \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent que ce ne sont pas uniquement les actes de violence qui \u00e9taient vis\u00e9s par la r\u00e9pression, mais toute opposition. Qui oserait pr\u00e9tendre aujourd’hui que Hamadi Jbali est coupable de violence? M\u00eame pas son acte d’accusation, car il ne lui est reproch\u00e9 que l’habituel d\u00e9lit de \u00ab\u00a0diffusion de fausses nouvelles\u00a0\u00bb (comprenez critique du pouvoir) et \u00ab\u00a0appartenance \u00e0 une organisation non autoris\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb. Et d’abord au nom de quoi, cette organisation ne serait pas autoris\u00e9e, si ce n’est du pur arbitraire? Quelles que soient les divergences sur le projet de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 que nous pouvons avoir avec les islamistes, se taire sur l’arbitraire auquel ils sont soumis ne peut d\u00e9sormais \u00eatre qu’une complicit\u00e9 avec la dictature et l’histoire ne nous le pardonnerait jamais. Les islamistes sont certes nos adversaires politiques, mais au stade actuel de leurs pens\u00e9es et de leurs actes, ils ne sont nullement nos ennemis. Et une sc\u00e8ne politique qui ne supporte pas les adversaires et leur d\u00e9nie le droit d’exister n’est rien d’autre qu’une dictature. Il doit donc \u00eatre clair qu’en luttant pour la lib\u00e9ration des d\u00e9tenus islamistes, nous luttons pour barrer la route \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression des non islamistes, tant il est vrai que les libert\u00e9s et la d\u00e9mocratie sont indivisibles. (Source: http:\/\/www.perspectivestunisiennes.net , le 14.01.2003 \u00e0 17h46)<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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EDLDT<\/strong><\/font> <\/div>\n
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Appel Urgent \u00e0 l\u2019AISPP<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n
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Permettez-moi de vous dire, Messieurs les membres de l’AISPP que le r\u00f4le de votre honorable association doit \u00eatre plus actif et plus dynamique, sa voix doit-\u00eatre plus forte et mieux entendue surtout \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger. Votre association n’est-elle pas une association internationale? Ce genre d’association ne doit pas \u00eatre timide ni calme ni conformiste. Ma\u00eetre Nouri, Pr\u00e9sident Mokhtar Yahyaoui, vous connaissez mieux que moi que les prisonniers politiques ne seront lib\u00e9r\u00e9s que sous les grandes pressions, de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur comme et surtout de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, le grand tapage et le bruit m\u00e9diatique partout \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur comme \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur aussi, et enfin par la multiplication des contacts, des conf\u00e9rences de presse et des grandes initiatives spectaculaires, de tout genre, qui d\u00e9stabilisent le r\u00e9gime et les laisse craquer. La simple publication des communiqu\u00e9s de contestation ne rapporte rien avec ce r\u00e9gime. Messieurs les membres de l’AISPP vous devez bouger encore et de loin plus. Vous devez \u00eatre \u00e0 la hauteur de la noble responsabilit\u00e9 que vous avez choisi vous-m\u00eame de l’assumer et d’\u00eatre les guide vers le salut dans cette affaire. Messieurs nous n’entendons pas votre bruit, nous voulons vous entendre et nous voulons \u00eatre vos soldats. Nous comptons sur vous pour nous guider et nous tracer le chemin qui nous am\u00e8ne tous \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration de nos prisonniers politiques. <\/div>\n
EDLDT Salah Karker<\/font><\/strong> 16\/01\/2003 <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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\u00a0V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action <\/o:p> <\/font><\/strong><\/span> <\/div>\n
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Le 16 janvier 2003 : journ\u00e9e de mobilisation en faveur de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du Barreau tunisien<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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L\u2019association tunisienne des jeunes avocats vient de publier ces derniers jours un rapport pr\u00e9liminaire sur la situation des avocats dans la p\u00e9riode de mai 2002-d\u00e9cembre 2002 Avec \u00e0 l\u2019appui le r\u00e9cit des diff\u00e9rentes violations et agressions dont les avocats ont fait objet. Peu avant ce rapport, Me Hosni d\u2019une part et le juge Mokhtar Yahyaoui d\u2019autre part lan\u00e7aient des appels \u00e0 la solidarit\u00e9 avec les avocats dans leur lutte pour garantir et pr\u00e9server leur ind\u00e9pendance face \u00e0 un r\u00e9gime qui profite de l\u2019actualit\u00e9 internationale br\u00fblante pour r\u00e9gler ses comptes avec ses opposants de la mani\u00e8re la plus l\u00e2che. <\/o:p> <\/span> <\/div>\n
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\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
Il faut clairement noter que l\u2019accentuation de la pression sur les hommes de la loi est un rapport d\u2019une part avec leur pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance dans la lutte contre l\u2019oppression et d\u2019autre part dans le cadre d\u2019un processus qui vise \u00e0 dominer leurs associations fa\u00eeti\u00e8res et emp\u00eacher le d\u00e9roulemnt de toute activit\u00e9 ind\u00e9pendante en orchestrant des proc\u00e8s (celui en appel contre le Conseil de l\u2019Ordre report\u00e9 au 23 f\u00e9vrier 2003 ), en proposant des amendements de loi qui visent la tradition d\u2019unicit\u00e9 du barreau en Tunisie et enfin \u00e0 interdire par la force le d\u00e9roulement de leurs instances dirigeantes comme l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e extraordinaire du Conseil de l\u2019ordre convoqu\u00e9e pour le 19 janvier 2003. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
Profitant des f\u00eates de la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, les proc\u00e8s politiques se sont multipli\u00e9s (notamment celui de Gafsa) et l\u2019ouverture d\u2019instructions contre beaucoup de citoyens actifs dans le tissu associatif oppos\u00e9 au r\u00e9gime. C\u2019est dans ce contexte que la lutte des juges et avocats pour leur ind\u00e9pendance (vraie garantie de la supr\u00e9matie de la loi)\u00a0 <\/span>est) acquiert son importance. La machination de la justice au profit de la dictature porte un coup mortel au maquillage d\u00e9mocratique du r\u00e9gime qui a connu sa derni\u00e8re \u00e9pisode dans le dernier amendement visant \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0faciliter\u00a0\u00bb une course pr\u00e9sidentielle concurrentielle en se taillant des adversaires sur mesure qui ne peuvent exc\u00e9der le r\u00f4le de figurants. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
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Apr\u00e8s la honte du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum du 26 mai 2003, Le r\u00e9gime tunisien s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 livrer l\u2019une de ses derni\u00e8res batailles contre tout tentative d\u2019opposition pour pouvoir jouir sans crainte d\u2019une r\u00e9\u00e9lection triomphale en 2004. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
Consciente des ces d\u00e9fis, V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action<\/b> appelle \u00e0 une forte mobilisation de solidarit\u00e9 avec les avocats le 16 janvier 2003 pour que ce \u00abcarr\u00e9 de r\u00e9sistance\u00bb ne soit pas balay\u00e9 par la machine polici\u00e8re de Ben Ali. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
Fribourg le 15 janvier 2003 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
Pour V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
El Afif Ghanmi<\/font>, pr\u00e9sident<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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La campagne contre le port du foulard en Tunisie:<\/font><\/h3>\n
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\u00e7a ne devrait pas passer cette fois!!!!<\/font><\/h3>\n
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\u00a0 Par : citoyenne tunisienne(*)<\/font><\/strong> <\/font><\/div>\n
Suite aux derni\u00e8res pers\u00e9cutions dont ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes les jeunes filles et les femmes tunisiennes portant le voile, je ne peux que r\u00e9agir. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Le r\u00e9gime tunisien insiste \u00e0 porter atteinte \u00e0 la religion islamique au plein profond de ses bases, chose qui ne peut plus \u00eatre tol\u00e9r\u00e9e. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Je rappelle \u00e0 cette occasion que cette pratique dure depuis 1990. Les autorit\u00e9s n’h\u00e9sitent pas \u00e0 revenir \u00e0 cette mesure chaque fois que les porteuses du voile sont nombreuses ou tendent \u00e0 se multiplier. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Je peux t\u00e9moigner \u00e0 cette occasion de l’arrogance du r\u00e9gime tunisien \u00e0 ce niveau et les actes de torture, de harc\u00e8lement et d’encerclement dont ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes les femmes qui portaient le voile dans les ann\u00e9es 1991-1992 et jusqu’\u00e0 ce jour. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Moi-m\u00eame, j’\u00e9tais de 1990 \u00e0 1998, tout le temps poursuivie et surveill\u00e9e pour la moindre de mes d\u00e9placements \u00e0 cause du port du foulard islamique et je peux t\u00e9moigner de la l\u00e2chet\u00e9 de ce r\u00e9gime \u00e0 ce niveau. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Chaque 6 mois, j’\u00e9tais arr\u00eat\u00e9e et oblig\u00e9e \u00e0 signer un engagement de ne plus le porter. Je ne peux compter le nombre de fois ou j’\u00e9tais dans un poste de police pour cette raison l\u00e0… 10, 12,15… et les agents ne s’en lassent jamais…. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Dans la rue, il y a des endroits \u00e0 Tunis qu’il faut \u00e9viter de passer devant comme le minist\u00e8re de l’int\u00e9rieur ou les grands postes de police comme celui de Charles- De- Gaulle ou du port de France ou de Bab Souika. Si vous faites\u00a0l’erreur de passer par l\u00e0,\u00a0il y a une chance sur mille de ne pas \u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9e. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Les exemples et les horreurs n’en finissent pas et les anecdotes non plus. Mais, ce que je peux\u00a0le dire aujourd’hui pour soutenir les jeunes filles et les femmes tunisiennes\u00a0est que la seule fa\u00e7on de face\u00a0\u00e0 cette injustice est de r\u00e9sister. <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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R\u00e9sistez… r\u00e9sistez…r\u00e9sistez….<\/span><\/strong>Il y aura certainement celles qui ne pourront pas patienter,\u00a0qui ne pourront pas poursuivre longtemps dans la r\u00e9sistance mais\u00a0ne vous affaiblissez pas…. Cela rendra la t\u00e2che plus facile au r\u00e9gime\u00a0d’\u00e9touffer vos voix… <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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Et je peux vous dire qu’aujourd’hui vous avez cette chance de communiquer avec le monde via internet et de faire entendre vos cris… <\/span>Alors saisissez-l\u00e0 et ne l\u00e2chez pas… <\/span><\/strong> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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Et je lance, \u00e9galement , \u00e0 cette occasion un appel \u00e0 toutes les\u00a0femmes tunisiennes qui ont pu fuir ce cauchemar et qui sont\u00a0en Europe, \u00e0 soutenir leurs\u00a0ch\u00e8res compatriotes en Tunisie..\u00a0<\/span>Soutenons- les\u00a0par tous les moyens<\/span><\/strong>… <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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Elles ont besoin de nous. Et n’oublions pas qu’un jour nous \u00e9tions \u00e0 leur place et\u00a0nous\u00a0souffrions\u00a0en silence….Et nous aurions aim\u00e9 faire entendre nos voix…. Rappelez-vous, \u00e7a ne devrait pas passer cette fois….\u00e7a ne devrait pas passer….<\/font>\u00a0 <\/o:p> <\/span> \u00a0 R\u00e9fugi\u00e9e tunisienne en Europe <\/font><\/strong>Raison: emp\u00each\u00e9e de mettre le foulard dans mon pays: la Tunisie \u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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\u0628\u0633\u0645<\/span> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 <\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/p>\n
\ufd3f \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0632\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \ufd3e<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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<\/font>\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font> <\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f <\/o:p> <\/font><\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0621: <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0651\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0641\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0643 \u00ab\u064a\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627\u00bb \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f. <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u063a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629. <\/o:p> <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <\/span>V\u00e9rit\u00e9 Action<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a. <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a. <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. <\/o:p> <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 15 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2003 <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 13 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1423<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Un point de vue Belge sur le tourisme en tunisie <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/font> <\/div>\n
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Le docteur belge Jehaes Michel a eu ces \u201c\u00e9changes\u201d avec un journal belge\u00a0 \u00e0 propos de la situation en Tunisie:<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong> <\/font><\/div>\n
Bonjour, \u00a0 Dans le Touring re\u00e7u ce jour, il y a un article sur la Tunisie. <\/div>\n
J’avais d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9agi (voir annexe (*)) \u00e0 un article paruant\u00e9rieurement … mais n’ai re\u00e7u ni accus\u00e9 de r\u00e9ception, ni r\u00e9ponse, malgr\u00e9 un rappel. \u00a0 Je ne pr\u00f4ne pas le boy-cott de la Tunisie: ce serait paup\u00e9riserceux qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 les plus pauvres, mais un tourisme conscient.Beaucoup de belges ignorent tout du r\u00e9gime politique qui r\u00e8gneen Tunisie et le signaler ne me semble pas \u00eatre un luxe\u00a0 ! \u00a0 Je vous incite \u00e0 lire les pages 63-64 du Guide du Routard 2002sur la Tunisie, de visiter le site d’Amnesty International (http:\/\/www.aibf.be\/) et celui de Human Right Without Frontiers (http:\/\/www.hrwf.net\/newhrwf\/) si vous avez encore besoin de \u00ab\u00a0preuves\u00a0\u00bb ! \u00a0 Le Routard a boy-cott\u00e9 des dictatures dans le pass\u00e9; actuellement ils ne le fait plus mais ne tient pas non plus une politique de la langue de bois … qui semble \u00eatre la v\u00f4tre. C’est dommage. \u00a0 Bien \u00e0 vous \u00a0 Copie \u00e0 Amnesty, Human Right et \u00e0 beaucoup de d\u00e9mocrates belges concern\u00e9s par ce probl\u00e8me. \u00a0 Docteur Michel Jehaes <\/font><\/strong>Place Ferrer, 2 6043 Ransart 071.35.31.51 Fax: 071.35.49.40 Courriel non-m\u00e9dical: jehaes.giaux@swing.be Courriel m\u00e9dical: michel.jehaes@docs.be \u00a0 Annexe (*) \u00a0 Bonjour, \u00a0 Vous avez r\u00e9alis\u00e9 un tr\u00e8s bel article sur la Tunisie. Il est vrai que c’est un pays splendide et que les Tunisiens sont tr\u00e8s accueillants. J’y ai s\u00e9journ\u00e9 en avril 2001 et ai eu l’occasion de le d\u00e9couvrir personnellement. \u00a0 N\u00e9anmoins, il ne faudrait pas oublier que la Tunisie est malheureusement aussi un pays o\u00f9 les droits de l’homme sont bafou\u00e9s: emprisonnements arbitraires, tortures, etc., sont h\u00e9las le sort r\u00e9serv\u00e9 \u00e0 ceux qui osent s’opposer au r\u00e9gime en place. \u00a0 Boycotter la Tunisie ? Il ne semble pas que ce soit une bonne attitude car ce sont les plus pauvres qui souffriront de cette perte de revenus (le tourisme repr\u00e9sente 30% du PNB). \u00a0 Une alternative est sans doute de continuer \u00e0 s’y rendre, tout en rejoignant des mouvements qui apportent leur soutien \u00e0 ceux qui sont injustement poursuivis, inqui\u00e9t\u00e9s, tortur\u00e9s, priv\u00e9s de leurs droits fondamentaux. Amnesty International est un de ces mouvements et je ne peux que vous sugg\u00e9rer de prendre contact avec cette organisation ou de consulter un des sites suivants:\u00a0 http:\/\/www.aibf.be, site d’Amnesty, mais aussi http:\/\/www.globalprevention.com qui soutient plus particuli\u00e8rement le Docteur Moncef Marzouki, praticien de renomm\u00e9e internationale, poursuivi par le r\u00e9gime du Pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali. \u00a0 Michel Jehaes<\/font><\/strong>, m\u00e9decin, place Ferrer, 2, 6043 Ransart \u00a0 Et les personnes suivantes qui co-signent ce texte : \u00a0 Christian Delguste<\/strong>, m\u00e9decin, Stambruge Marie-Paule Giaux<\/strong>, m\u00e9decin, Ransart John Pauluis<\/strong>, m\u00e9decin, Villers-la-Ville Dominique Paulus<\/strong>, m\u00e9decin, Bruxelles Eric Picard,<\/strong> m\u00e9decin, Bruxelles Bernard Rigot<\/strong>, m\u00e9decin, Vaux-sur-s\u00fbre L\u00e9andre Vanda<\/strong>, kin\u00e9sith\u00e9rapeute, Ottignies<\/font> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
Invitation \u00e0 une Conf\u00e9rence-D\u00e9bat \u00e0 Gen\u00e9ve<\/strong><\/font> \u00a0 Comit\u00e9 Tunisie en Suisse \u00a0\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 <\/strong><\/font>\u00a0\u00a0 Organise une conf\u00e9rence d\u00e9bat \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la parution du livre : \u00a0 <\/p>\n
LA\u00a0 TUNISIE DE\u00a0 BEN ALI La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 contre le r\u00e9gime<\/strong><\/font><\/h4>\n
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\u00ab Il nous a sembl\u00e9 aussi opportun de revisiter ses 14 ann\u00e9es de pouvoir en privil\u00e9giant surtout la parole des Tunisiens, chercheurs et acteurs, habituellement priv\u00e9s d\u2019espaces de r\u00e9flexion, de confrontation et de libert\u00e9 intellectuelle dans leur pays. (Olfa Lamloum et Bernard Ravanel) \u00a0 Cet ouvrage collectif ambitionne d\u2019analyser la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 socio-\u00e9conomique et politique de la Tunisie et de restituer le profil des mutations qui ont profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 le pays durant les ann\u00e9es 90. \u00a0 Nous vous invitons \u00e0 rencontrer : \u00a0 –Olfa LAMLOUM<\/font><\/strong>, chercheur en Science Politique \u00a0 –B\u00e9atrice HIBOU<\/font><\/strong>, chercheur au CNRS-CERI \u00a0 –Christian GROBET<\/font><\/strong>, avocat au barreau de Gen\u00e8ve et membre de plusieurs missions d\u2019observations des proc\u00e8s politiques en Tunisie \u00a0 \u00a0 Le mercredi 29 janvier 2003 \u00e0 20h00 Uni mail salle: MR 70 Boulevard Carl Vogt Gen\u00e8ve Avec le soutien de : CUAE<\/p>\n
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Human Rights Watch<\/font> <\/p>\n
Rapport Mondial 2002 : Tunisie<\/font><\/h4>\n<\/h4>\n
T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le format PDF – 10 pages, 35 Kb<\/font><\/a> Le point sur la situation des droits humains<\/a> La d\u00e9fense des droits humains<\/a> La communaut\u00e9 internationale<\/a> Le point sur la situation des droits humains<\/b><\/a> Les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes se sont servies de la guerre men\u00e9e par les Etats-Unis contre le terrorisme pour limiter les libert\u00e9s publiques et mettre sous tutelle toute opinion. La r\u00e9pression s’est aggrav\u00e9e en avril \u00e0 la suite de la premi\u00e8re attaque terroriste mortelle qu’ait connu la Tunisie depuis des ann\u00e9es. Les islamistes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s ont d\u00fb faire face aux traitements les plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res : pr\u00e9venus civils jug\u00e9s par des tribunaux militaires r\u00e9activ\u00e9s, longues peines de prison purg\u00e9es dans des conditions inhumaines, restrictions importantes qui ont emp\u00each\u00e9 les anciens prisonniers de reprendre une vie normale. Les dissidents lib\u00e9raux et gauchistes ont vu leurs droits \u00e0 se r\u00e9unir, \u00e0 manifester et \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer entrav\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on arbitraire. Ils ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d’agressions, de vandalisme et de vols attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des policiers en civil. Certains de ces dissidents ont fait des s\u00e9jours en prison ou ont d\u00fb rester en exil. Le Rassemblement Constitutionnel D\u00e9mocratique au pouvoir a facilement r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 faire amender la constitution par le parlement en avril et en mai par un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum national. Ces amendements comprenaient l’affirmation de certains droits mais ils ont surtout permis au Pr\u00e9sident Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali de se pr\u00e9senter pour un nouveau mandat en 2004 et en 2009. Ils ont aussi accord\u00e9 une immunit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale au chef de l’Etat pour les actes commis dans l’exercice de ses fonctions. Les amendements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9s par plus de 99 pour cent des votants, chiffre officiel similaire au score obtenu par Ben Ali en 1989, en 1994 et en 1999. Le mouvement islamiste Nahda est rest\u00e9 interdit, ainsi que le Parti communiste des ouvriers tunisiens (PCOT) qui, bien que petit, a su se faire entendre. Le Congr\u00e8s pour la R\u00e9publique, parti d’opposition de cr\u00e9ation r\u00e9cente, n’a toujours pas \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnu officiellement alors que le Forum D\u00e9mocratique pour le Travail et les Libert\u00e9s a, lui, \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnu le 25 octobre, huit ans apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9pos\u00e9 sa demande d’agr\u00e9ment. En avril, la Tunisie a \u00e9t\u00e9 la victime du premier acte s\u00e9rieux de violence politique depuis dix ans. Ce fut aussi la premi\u00e8re attaque terroriste importante revendiqu\u00e9e s\u00fbrement \u00e0 juste titre par al-Qaeda depuis l’attaque contre les Etats-Unis du 11 septembre 2001. La cible en \u00e9tait la plus ancienne synagogue d’Afrique du Nord situ\u00e9e \u00e0 Djerba, visit\u00e9e par des touristes du monde entier. Vingt et une personnes, dont quatorze allemands, ont trouv\u00e9 la mort lorsqu’un jeune tunisien qui vivait en France a fait exploser un camion citerne de gaz qu’il conduisait. Cette attaque a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9e par toutes les forces politiques tunisiennes, y compris le parti Nahda non autoris\u00e9. En 2001 et 2002, les autorit\u00e9s ont fait de plus en plus appel aux tribunaux militaires pour traduire en justice les islamistes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s, surtout ceux qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s apr\u00e8s avoir fait un s\u00e9jour \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger. Des dizaines de civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inculp\u00e9s, souvent par contumace, pour \u00a0\u00bb avoir servi, en temps de paix, une organisation terroriste op\u00e9rant \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger \u00a0\u00bb en vertu de l’article 123 du code de justice militaire. Les tribunaux militaires ont bafou\u00e9 les droits des pr\u00e9venus \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable. En outre, ces pr\u00e9venus n’ont eu droit qu’\u00e0 un pourvoi limit\u00e9 de leur jugement aupr\u00e8s de la Cour de cassation. Le 30 janvier, un tribunal militaire de Tunis a jug\u00e9 B\u00e9chir Ben Zayed, Mounir Gha\u00efth, Abdelbasset Dali, et trente co-pr\u00e9venus absents coupables d’avoir cr\u00e9\u00e9 un groupe terroriste li\u00e9 \u00e0 al-Qaeda nomm\u00e9 Ahl Al-Jama\u00e2 w’al-Sunnah (Partisans du fondamentalisme et de la tradition du Proph\u00e8te). Leurs avocats ont accus\u00e9 le tribunal d’avoir ignor\u00e9 les all\u00e9gations selon lesquelles les t\u00e9moignages auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenus sous la contrainte, et les dates d’arrestation auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 falsifi\u00e9es afin de masquer des irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s de proc\u00e9dure. Enfin, selon les avocats, le tribunal n’aurait pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aucune preuve convaincante contre les pr\u00e9venus. En avril, la Cour de cassation a confirm\u00e9 les peines de prison des trois hommes, peines allant de huit \u00e0 dix ans. Un des co-inculp\u00e9s absents, Jaber Trabelsi, s’est rendu aux autorit\u00e9s en Italie et a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 le 26 juin \u00e0 huit ans de prison \u00e0 la suite d’un proc\u00e8s men\u00e9 par un tribunal militaire interdit \u00e0 la presse. Si les proc\u00e8s intent\u00e9s contre des civils par des tribunaux militaires sont inqui\u00e9tants, les tribunaux civils n’ont pas pour autant respect\u00e9 le droit des pr\u00e9venus \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable dans nombre de cas aux intrications politiques. Le nouveau proc\u00e8s d’Hamma Hammami, porte-parole du PCOT, et de ses co-pr\u00e9venus Samir Ta\u00e2mallah et Abdeljabbar Maddouri qui s’est tenu le 2 f\u00e9vrier en est un exemple frappant : ces trois hommes venaient juste de sortir de quatre ans de clandestinit\u00e9, symbole de leur opposition \u00e0 leur condamnation par contumace. Avant m\u00eame que le juge n’ait pu commencer la proc\u00e9dure, la police a fait irruption dans la salle d’audience surpeupl\u00e9e et s’est empar\u00e9e des pr\u00e9venus sans m\u00e9nagement. Les avocats de la d\u00e9fense se sont alors retir\u00e9s de la salle en signe de protestation. Les accus\u00e9s ont plus tard \u00e9t\u00e9 escort\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9rentes salles d’audience o\u00f9 ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 battus par des policiers. De retour aupr\u00e8s du juge, ils ont d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 ces violences, mais il n’a pas r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 ces all\u00e9gations. Il n’a d’ailleurs pas r\u00e9ellement conduit de proc\u00e8s ni entendu les pr\u00e9venus. Il a confirm\u00e9 rapidement les peines initiales de neuf ans et trois mois. Les chefs d’accusations comprenaient le \u00a0\u00bb maintien d’une association non reconnue \u00ab\u00a0, l'\u00a0\u00bb outrage aux institutions judiciaires \u00a0\u00bb et l'\u00a0\u00bb incitation des habitants \u00e0 violer les lois du pays \u00ab\u00a0. M. Maddouri fut condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux ans suppl\u00e9mentaires pour des remarques \u00a0\u00bb diffamatoires \u00a0\u00bb qu’il aurait faites ce jour-l\u00e0. Les peines ont plus tard \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duites en appel. Apr\u00e8s une gr\u00e8ve de la faim de cinq semaines men\u00e9e par l’\u00e9pouse de M. Hammami, l’avocate des droits humains Radhia Nasraoui, et la confirmation de ces convictions par la plus haute cour de Tunisie le 2 septembre, les autorit\u00e9s ont accord\u00e9 une lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle \u00e0 M. Hammami et \u00e0 M. Ta\u00e2mallah le 4 septembre pour \u00a0\u00bb raisons de sant\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0. M. Maddouri a obtenu sa lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle le 5 novembre. Les prisons tunisiennes comptent, au minimum, plusieurs centaines de prisonniers politiques. La plus grande partie de ces prisonniers a \u00e9t\u00e9 inculp\u00e9e dans les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes pour appartenance pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e au Nahda ou participation aux activit\u00e9s du Nahda, sans aucune preuve de leur lien avec les actes de violence. Cette ann\u00e9e, les arrestations ou r\u00e9-arrestations d’islamistes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s ont continu\u00e9 sous ces chefs d’accusations qui ont parfois \u00e9t\u00e9 reformul\u00e9s sous la d\u00e9nomination d'\u00a0\u00bb association de malfaiteurs \u00a0\u00bb de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 pouvoir \u00e9viter la prescription qui se serait appliqu\u00e9e aux chefs d’accusations moins graves. Le mois d’ao\u00fbt a marqu\u00e9 le dixi\u00e8me anniversaire de la condamnation devant les tribunaux militaires de 265 dirigeants et membres pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s du Nahda. Les deux proc\u00e8s de masse organis\u00e9s pour juger ces personnes accus\u00e9es de complot visant \u00e0 renverser le gouvernement n’avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9quitables. En 2002, pr\u00e8s de cent personnes \u00e9taient toujours incarc\u00e9r\u00e9es. Parmi celles-ci se trouvaient des dirigeants du parti tels que Sadok Chorou, Ajmi El-Ourimi, et Habib Ellouz, qui purgeaient des peines de prison \u00e0 vie dans des conditions tr\u00e8s dures. Comme d’autres dirigeants, Ali Laaridh, condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 quinze ans, \u00e9tait soumis \u00e0 un isolement presque permanent et \u00e9tait priv\u00e9 de lecture et de moyens de correspondance. En janvier, les autorit\u00e9s ont avanc\u00e9 des \u00a0\u00bb raisons humanitaires \u00a0\u00bb pour la lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle de Mohamed Mou\u00e2da, figure politique de l’opposition, sept mois apr\u00e8s l’avoir r\u00e9incarc\u00e9r\u00e9. Tout d’abord condamn\u00e9 en 1996 \u00e0 onze ans de prison pour avoir fourni des renseignements \u00e0 un Etat \u00e9tranger alors que ce dossier avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mont\u00e9 de toutes pi\u00e8ces, M. Mou\u00e2da avait obtenu sa lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle plus tard dans l’ann\u00e9e. Il avait cependant ensuite fait l’objet d’une surveillance et d’un harc\u00e8lement constant jusqu’\u00e0 sa seconde arrestation en 2001. A chaque fois, c’est \u00e0 la suite de vives critiques publiques du Pr\u00e9sident que M. Mou\u00e2da a \u00e9t\u00e9 emprisonn\u00e9. Les prisons, qui sont depuis 2001 sous la tutelle du minist\u00e8re de la justice ne peuvent toujours pas \u00eatre visit\u00e9es par des groupes de contr\u00f4le ind\u00e9pendants. Les d\u00e9tenus ont souvent organis\u00e9 des gr\u00e8ves de la faim pour protester contre le surpeuplement, l’absence d’hygi\u00e8ne, l’absence de soins m\u00e9dicaux, le transfert des prisonniers dans des \u00e9tablissements p\u00e9nitentiaires \u00e9loign\u00e9s du lieu de r\u00e9sidence de leurs familles et autres mauvais traitements. Les gr\u00e9vistes ont parfois \u00e9t\u00e9 battus, priv\u00e9s de la visite de leurs familles ou plac\u00e9s en isolement. Abdelwahab Boussaa est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en mars \u00e0 la suite d’une gr\u00e8ve de la faim qui avait dur\u00e9 quatre mois. Lakhdar Essdiri est mort deux semaines plus tard, peut-\u00eatre par n\u00e9gligence m\u00e9dicale. M. Boussaa et M. Essdiri purgeaient des peines de seize et vingt-huit ans respectivement pour des activit\u00e9s au sein du Nahda. Habib Sa\u00efdi, d\u00e9tenu d’une trentaine d’ann\u00e9es, est mort myst\u00e9rieusement \u00e0 la fin du mois de septembre, quelques jours seulement avant la date pr\u00e9vue de sa lib\u00e9ration. Il \u00e9tait le plus jeune fr\u00e8re d’Ali Sa\u00efdi, fonctionnaire et ancien militant des droits humains qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9 dans des conditions myst\u00e9rieuses en d\u00e9cembre 2001. Les prisonniers politiques rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s ont d\u00fb subir la surveillance, la fouille de leur maison, la confiscation de passeport et autres mesures de contr\u00f4le p\u00e9nibles. Parfois ordonn\u00e9es par les tribunaux, ces mesures ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 arbitraires. Les prisonniers lib\u00e9r\u00e9s n’ont souvent pas pu garder leur emploi \u00e0 cause des pressions exerc\u00e9es par le gouvernement sur leurs employeurs et par l’obligation de se pr\u00e9senter fr\u00e9quemment au commissariat. En septembre, Taoufik Chaieb, un ancien prisonnier et ancien professeur de lyc\u00e9e \u00e0 Tunis, a affirm\u00e9 que les pressions exerc\u00e9es par la police sur lui et ses employeurs l’avaient forc\u00e9 \u00e0 changer souvent d’emploi. Son passeport a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 confisqu\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s avoir purg\u00e9 une peine de onze ans de prison pour activit\u00e9s au sein du Nahda, Abdallah Zouari a brav\u00e9 un ordre \u00e9manant du minist\u00e8re de l’int\u00e9rieur l’assignant \u00e0 r\u00e9sidence dans le Sud du pays, loin de sa maison familiale situ\u00e9e dans la capitale. M. Zouari a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 le 23 ao\u00fbt \u00e0 huit mois de prison pour son refus d’obtemp\u00e9rer et cette condamnation a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e en appel. Pourtant, les autorit\u00e9s ont accord\u00e9 \u00e0 M. Zouari une lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle le 6 novembre. La police a aussi harcel\u00e9 les familles des islamistes exil\u00e9s, les questionnant sur les membres de leurs familles vivant \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger et fouillant leurs maisons. L’Etat a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 exercer un contr\u00f4le tr\u00e8s \u00e9troit sur tous les m\u00e9dias. Seuls les journaux de parti et les journaux ind\u00e9pendants \u00e0 faible tirage ont critiqu\u00e9 l’absence de libert\u00e9s publiques. Ces derniers ont d’ailleurs parfois \u00e9t\u00e9 confisqu\u00e9s. L’utilisation d’Internet continuant \u00e0 s’\u00e9tendre, les autorit\u00e9s ont emprisonn\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois un r\u00e9dacteur publiant son travail sur l’Internet. Zouheir Yahiaoui publiait son journal \u00e9lectronique satirique Tunezine sous un pseudonyme quand il a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 le 4 juin au cybercaf\u00e9 o\u00f9 il travaillait. Sa maison a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 fouill\u00e9e sans mandat de perquisition et du mat\u00e9riel informatique confisqu\u00e9. M. Yahiaoui a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 le 20 juin \u00e0 un an de prison pour \u00a0\u00bb diss\u00e9mination de fausses nouvelles \u00a0\u00bb et \u00e0 seize mois pour \u00a0\u00bb soustraction par d\u00e9tournement de lignes de communication \u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 cause de son journal non autoris\u00e9 Tunezine . En juillet, une cour d’appel a r\u00e9duit sa peine totale \u00e0 deux ans. M. Yahiaoui est le neveu du juge Mokhtar Yahiaoui qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 radi\u00e9 de la magistrature (voir la partie sur La d\u00e9fense des droits humains pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e ci-dessous) et dont la lettre ouverte au Pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans Tunezine. Le 16 juin, douze jours apr\u00e8s l’arrestation de M. Yahiaoui, La Presse a annonc\u00e9 que les autorit\u00e9s avaient temporairement ferm\u00e9 certains cybercaf\u00e9s qui ne respectaient pas les lois en vigueur. La r\u00e9glementation tunisienne sur l’Internet a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue en partie pour \u00e9viter que ce moyen de communication n’\u00e9chappe au contr\u00f4le \u00e9tatique impos\u00e9 aux autres moyens d’_expression. L’impunit\u00e9 a pr\u00e9valu en Tunisie mais les victimes de la torture en exil ont fait un grand pas en avant lorsqu’une victime a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 persuader un juge fran\u00e7ais de lancer un mandat d’arr\u00eat international en f\u00e9vrier contre un diplomate en poste \u00e0 Strasbourg, le premier mandat de ce genre \u00e0 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 contre un tunisien. La plainte d\u00e9pos\u00e9e accuse le diplomate, Consul Khaled Ben Sa\u00efd, d’avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 Jendouba en 1996 l’officier de police en chef des agents qui lui ont attach\u00e9 les poignets et les chevilles et l’ont rou\u00e9 de coups de poing et de b\u00e2ton lors de son interrogatoire. M. Ben Sa\u00efd a disparu apr\u00e8s le lancement de ce mandat. Outre les organisations des droits humains, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile a fait preuve de sa vigilance. Les avocats ont par exemple organis\u00e9 une gr\u00e8ve nationale d’une journ\u00e9e pour protester contre l’intervention de la police pendant le proc\u00e8s de M. Hammami en f\u00e9vrier. Des d\u00e9marches ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 entreprises par l’Union g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des travailleurs tunisiens pour am\u00e9liorer la d\u00e9mocratie \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du syndicat. En janvier, le gouvernement a accueilli un s\u00e9minaire r\u00e9gional sur le trait\u00e9 d’interdiction des mines en Afrique du Nord. Dans le cadre de ce s\u00e9minaire, l’arm\u00e9e a d\u00e9truit 1000 mines antipersonnel. Le 4 octobre, la Tunisie a soumis son rapport annuel sur les mesures prises pour appliquer le trait\u00e9. <\/a>La d\u00e9fense des droits humains<\/b> A la mi-novembre, le gouvernement n’avait pas interdit d’organisations de droits humains ou emprisonn\u00e9 de d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains en 2002, mais les autorit\u00e9s ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 utiliser un large \u00e9ventail de mesures r\u00e9pressives pour limiter leurs activit\u00e9s. Les d\u00e9fenseurs ont d\u00fb faire face \u00e0 une surveillance polici\u00e8re importante, des cambriolages et des actes de vandalismes suspicieux, des interdictions de d\u00e9placement, des licenciements, un harc\u00e8lement de leurs \u00e9poux\/\u00e9pouses et de leurs enfants et de fr\u00e9quents blocages des lignes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et du service Internet. Les deux organisations des droits humains les plus importantes, la Ligue Tunisienne des Droits de l’Homme (LTDH) fond\u00e9e il y a 25 ans, et le Conseil National pour les Libert\u00e9s en Tunisie (CNLT) fond\u00e9 il y a 3 ans, ont fonctionn\u00e9 sans statut juridique : la premi\u00e8re en raison de la d\u00e9cision du tribunal de 2001 annulant l’\u00e9lection de son Comit\u00e9 Directeur au franc parler, la deuxi\u00e8me parce que sa demande d’obtention d’un statut l\u00e9gal avait \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9e. La police a, \u00e0 maintes reprises, emp\u00each\u00e9 sans explication la tenue de r\u00e9unions conduites par des organisations des droits humains. Le 19 mai, des militants de Tunis se rendant \u00e0 Jendouba pour une r\u00e9union de la LTDH sur les prisonniers politiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 intercept\u00e9s et refoul\u00e9s \u00e0 un barrage dress\u00e9 sur la route reliant les deux villes. Le 2 juin, le jour o\u00f9 la LTDH f\u00eatait l’ouverture de ses nouveaux bureaux dans la province de Monastir, la police a occup\u00e9 les lieux et a chang\u00e9 les serrures, officiellement \u00e0 la suite d’une plainte d\u00e9pos\u00e9e par le propri\u00e9taire. Le 16 juin, la police de Monastir a emp\u00each\u00e9 la tenue d’un rassemblement organis\u00e9 pour soutenir la section locale de la LTDH et, le 23 juillet, un tribunal s’est prononc\u00e9 en faveur du propri\u00e9taire et a annul\u00e9 le bail sign\u00e9. Le 10 septembre, la police a contrecarr\u00e9 une r\u00e9union au si\u00e8ge de la CNLT \u00e0 Tunis, repoussant les membres et les invit\u00e9s \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e. La presse contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par l’Etat a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 passer sous silence les critiques faites des autorit\u00e9s par ces organisations et par des groupes ind\u00e9pendants tels que l’Association tunisienne des femmes d\u00e9mocrates. Par contre, les journaux pro-gouvernementaux se sont lanc\u00e9s dans des campagnes de diffamation contre leurs responsables. Le Quotidien a, par exemple, s\u00e9v\u00e8rement critiqu\u00e9 en avril le porte-parole du CNLT Sihem Ben Sedrine pour avoir soi-disant courtis\u00e9 les diplomates isra\u00e9liens alors qu’elle \u00e9tait \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, en demandant si \u00a0\u00bb ces organisations de connivence avec le terrorisme sioniste \u0153uvrent pour le bien des Tunisiens… [et] en faveur des droits de l’Homme. \u00a0\u00bb Discr\u00e9diter la LTDH semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 l’objectif de la presse qui a port\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat particulier aux accusations de tentative de viol port\u00e9es contre le Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la LTDH Khema\u00efs Ksila en septembre 2001. La presse pro-gouvernementale a mis de c\u00f4t\u00e9 son habituel respect de la vie priv\u00e9 des victimes d’aggressions sexuelles, dans ce cas en divulguant le nom de la victime pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e et en couvrant d’une mani\u00e8re d\u00e9taill\u00e9e et partisane les accusations contre M. Ksila. Elle a m\u00eame publi\u00e9 des extraits de l’enqu\u00eate du juge d’instruction en apparente violation avec le droit tunisien. M. Ksila, qui avait quitt\u00e9 le pays en 2001, a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 en f\u00e9vrier 2002 par contumace pour tentative de viol et harc\u00e8lement sexuel. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 payer une amende et \u00e0 purger dix ans de prison. Le 29 d\u00e9cembre 2001, le Conseil de discipline des magistrats a ray\u00e9 le Juge Mokhtar Yahiaoui de la magistrature pour \u00a0\u00bb atteinte \u00e0 l’honneur de la magistrature \u00ab\u00a0, pour \u00a0\u00bb manquement au devoir professionnel \u00a0\u00bb et pour \u00a0\u00bb manquement \u00e0 l’obligation de r\u00e9serve \u00ab\u00a0. Le crime du Juge Yahiaoui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 d’avoir publi\u00e9, en tant que magistrat en juillet 2001, une lettre ouverte au Pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali d\u00e9non\u00e7ant le manque d’ind\u00e9pendance de la justice. Apr\u00e8s avoir persist\u00e9 dans ses critiques publiques et avoir rejet\u00e9 les incitations \u00e0 se r\u00e9tracter, le Juge Yahiaoui a d\u00fb subir des menaces t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques anonymes, une \u00e9troite surveillance, la confiscation de son courrier, l’interruption de sa ligne t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique et une interdiction \u00e0 quitter le territoire national impos\u00e9e par le minist\u00e8re de la justice en novembre 2001. Le 5 avril, apr\u00e8s avoir quitt\u00e9 un rassemblement pro-palestinien \u00e0 Tunis, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 contraint par la police de monter dans une voiture sans aucune explication et a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9 \u00e0 vingt kilom\u00e8tres de Tunis, sur le bord de la route. L’interdiction de voyager pendant deux ans impos\u00e9e \u00e0 Moncef Marzouki, un v\u00e9t\u00e9ran de la d\u00e9fense des droits humains, a \u00e9t\u00e9 lev\u00e9e fin novembre 2001, quelques jours avant la visite du pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais Jacques Chirac en Tunisie. Mais l’interdiction impos\u00e9e \u00e0 Sadri Khiari, co-fondateur du CNLT et d’une organisation anti-mondialisation non reconnue, est rest\u00e9e en vigueur, emp\u00eachant M. Khiari de soutenir sa th\u00e8se en France. Les avocats et les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains en Tunisie ont fait l’objet d’un nombre \u00e9tonnamment \u00e9lev\u00e9 d’agressions physiques, de cambriolages, de vols de voiture et de dommages mat\u00e9riels. Ces faits n’ont rarement, pour ne pas dire jamais, \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lucid\u00e9s par la police. Le bureau de Bechir Essid, b\u00e2tonnier du conseil de l’ordre, a \u00e9t\u00e9 cambriol\u00e9 et saccag\u00e9 dans la nuit du 26 au 27 octobre 2001. Le cabinet du pr\u00e9sident de la LTDH Mokhtar Trifi a subi le m\u00eame sort dans la nuit du 6 au 7 f\u00e9vrier 2002. De tr\u00e8s nombreux militants des droits humains ont eu leurs lignes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques coup\u00e9es et n’ont pas pu se servir de leur courrier \u00e9lectronique \u00e0 plusieurs reprises. Ils sont rest\u00e9s injoignables \u00e0 des moments o\u00f9 la communication avec d’autres tunisiens ne posait aucun probl\u00e8me. Lass\u00e2ad Jouhri, ancien prisonnier handicap\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 agress\u00e9 par cinq hommes dans le centre ville de Tunis en plein jour le 28 ao\u00fbt. Ils ont cass\u00e9 une de ses b\u00e9quilles et s’en sont servis pour le rouer de coups. Ces hommes ont refus\u00e9 de d\u00e9cliner leurs identit\u00e9 \u00e0 M. Jouhri mais, lorsqu’un policier en uniforme a voulu s’interposer, ils lui ont ordonn\u00e9 de ne pas intervenir en avan\u00e7ant leur statut d’agents de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Ce fut la plus grave des agressions que M. Jouhri ait subies, apparemment une punition pour avoir rendu publiques les difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es par les prisonniers. Le Comit\u00e9 Sup\u00e9rieur des Droits de l’Homme et des Libert\u00e9s Fondamentales soutenu par le gouvernement a entendu des personnes ayant des plaintes \u00e0 d\u00e9poser dans le domaine des droits humains et a eu l’autorisation de faire des inspections surprises dans les prisons. Des organisations des droits humains \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des observateurs de proc\u00e8s \u00e9trangers se sont fr\u00e9quemment rendus en 2002 en Tunisie. Cependant, une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de la Commission Internationale des Juristes (CIJ) venue pour observer le syst\u00e8me judiciaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 refoul\u00e9e \u00e0 l’a\u00e9roport de Tunis-Carthage le 16 juin sous le pr\u00e9texte que les autorit\u00e9s \u00a0\u00bb n’\u00e9taient pas suffisamment inform\u00e9es sur les objectifs de la mission \u00ab\u00a0. Une autre d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de la CIJ a \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9e d\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e le 26 octobre. Dans les proc\u00e8s politiques, la police a souvent admis la pr\u00e9sence de certains observateurs \u00e9trangers mais en a refoul\u00e9 d’autres. <\/a>La communaut\u00e9 internationale<\/b> L’Organisation des Nations Unies<\/i> Dans son rapport aupr\u00e8s du Comit\u00e9 contre-terrorisme du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 dat\u00e9 du 26 d\u00e9cembre 2001, la Tunisie a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 quelle n’avait pas \u00a0\u00bb attendu les \u00e9v\u00e8nements du 11 septembre 2001 pour prendre les mesures n\u00e9cessaires en vue de lutter contre le terrorisme \u00a0\u00bb et qu’elle \u00a0\u00bb s’y est oppos\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on r\u00e9solue sur son territoire et a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 lui faire face. \u00a0\u00bb Parmi les mesures qu’elle cite se trouvent les proc\u00e8s men\u00e9s par les tribunaux militaires mentionn\u00e9s pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment contre les civils revenus de l’\u00e9tranger. Dans sa r\u00e9ponse du 28 mai au rapport p\u00e9riodique de la Tunisie, le Comit\u00e9 pour les droits de l’enfant a not\u00e9 certains progr\u00e8s mais il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu’il demeurait \u00a0\u00bb extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par les all\u00e9gations de violations du droit de l’enfant \u00e0 ne pas \u00eatre soumis \u00e0 la torture ni \u00e0 des peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou d\u00e9gradants \u2026particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 propos d’enfants de d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’Homme ou d’opposants politiques \u00ab\u00a0. A la mi-octobre, les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes n’avaient toujours pas accept\u00e9 la demande de visite d\u00e9pos\u00e9e il y a longtemps par le rapporteur sp\u00e9cial sur l’ind\u00e9pendance des juges et des avocats. L’Union Europ\u00e9enne<\/i> L’Union Europ\u00e9enne (UE) a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 exprimer sa satisfaction face aux r\u00e9sultats de la Tunisie en ce qui concerne la croissance \u00e9conomique, la lib\u00e9ralisation et le rythme de l’abaissement des tarifs conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’Accord d’association sign\u00e9 il y a quatre ans entre les deux parties. L’UE a fait sporadiquement part de son inqui\u00e9tude sur les droits humains, mais de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s discr\u00e8te. Le 29 janvier, durant la troisi\u00e8me r\u00e9union bilat\u00e9rale du Conseil d’association, une d\u00e9claration de l’UE a salu\u00e9 le succ\u00e8s de la Tunisie dans la lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9 et l’analphab\u00e9tisme mais a regrett\u00e9 \u00a0\u00bb l’absence de progr\u00e8s dans certains domaines…notamment concernant la libert\u00e9 d’_expression, la libert\u00e9 d’assembl\u00e9e et d’association \u00ab\u00a0. Malgr\u00e9 une disposition dans l’Accord d’association portant express\u00e9ment sur les droits humains, l’UE n’a jamais sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que les violations de ces droits commises par la Tunisie puissent remettre en cause l’accord ou les programmes d’aide. Dans son document de strat\u00e9gie sur la Tunisie r\u00e9dig\u00e9 dans le cadre du Partenariat Euro-med 2002-2006, l’UE a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'\u00a0\u00bb une impulsion \u00e0 la transition d\u00e9mocratique, notamment par rapport \u00e0 la concertation avec la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, au renforcement de l’\u00e9tat de droit et \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de la presse, para\u00eet hautement souhaitable \u00ab\u00a0. Cependant, elle a remarqu\u00e9 que le dialogue au sein du Comit\u00e9 et du Conseil de l’Association avait progress\u00e9 \u00a0\u00bb avec difficult\u00e9 dans la mesure o\u00f9 la Tunisie est r\u00e9tive \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des critiques de l’UE concernant les questions des droits humains \u00ab\u00a0. Le gouvernement tunisien a entrav\u00e9 certains projets d’organisations non gouvernementales financ\u00e9s par la Commission Europ\u00e9enne (CE), au motif qu’il n’avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 assez inform\u00e9, selon un fonctionnaire de la CE. Les obstacles mis auparavant \u00e0 des projets de la LTDH financ\u00e9s par l’UE auraient cependant \u00e9t\u00e9 partiellement lev\u00e9s pendant l’ann\u00e9e. R\u00e9pondant \u00e0 une question pos\u00e9e au sein du Parlement, le Commissaire europ\u00e9en pour les relations ext\u00e9rieures Chris Patten a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le 26 juillet qu'\u00a0\u00bb en juillet 2002, la Commission a soulev\u00e9, en termes tr\u00e8s clairs, le probl\u00e8me pos\u00e9 par le respect des droits fondamentaux aupr\u00e8s de diff\u00e9rents ministres et hauts fonctionnaires tunisiens \u00ab\u00a0. Outre les \u00e9changes diplomatiques, il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le programme de coop\u00e9ration financi\u00e8re avec la Tunisie mettait \u00a0\u00bb un accent de plus en plus net sur la promotion des droits de l’Homme, la d\u00e9mocratie et la primaut\u00e9 du droit \u00ab\u00a0. Le Parlement Europ\u00e9en a adopt\u00e9 une r\u00e9solution le 14 mars critiquant le proc\u00e8s et les conditions de d\u00e9tention d’Hamma Hammami et de ses co-inculp\u00e9s. Un petit groupe de d\u00e9put\u00e9s a vigoureusement d\u00e9fendu les militants des droits de la personne et les prisonniers politiques tunisiens. La France<\/i> Apr\u00e8s avoir exprim\u00e9 une g\u00eane croissante face \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression en Tunisie au d\u00e9but de l’ann\u00e9e 2000, la France a rel\u00e2ch\u00e9 sa pression \u00e0 la suite des \u00e9v\u00e8nements du 11 septembre 2001, de la r\u00e9\u00e9lection du Pr\u00e9sident Jacques Chirac en mai 2002 et du remplacement du gouvernement de gauche par un gouvernement de centre droit en juin. Le premier d\u00e9cembre 2001, le pr\u00e9sident Chirac a fait l’\u00e9loge \u00e0 Tunis du \u00a0\u00bb refus exemplaire \u00a0\u00bb de Ben Ali de \u00a0\u00bb l’intol\u00e9rance et de l’int\u00e9grisme \u00a0\u00bb n\u00e9gligeant le fait que de telles d\u00e9clarations masquaient l’emprisonnement des d\u00e9tracteurs et la r\u00e9pression contre les opposants. \u00a0\u00bb Cela va de soi que si chacun avait eu, dans tous les pays et quelles que soient les religions, la m\u00eame attitude, il y aurait probablement eu beaucoup moins de probl\u00e8mes et d’atteintes port\u00e9es aux droits de l’Homme. \u00ab\u00a0, d\u00e9clara M. Chirac \u00e0 la presse. Il affirma que les probl\u00e8mes de droits de la personne avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9s dans les discussions bilat\u00e9rales mais il ajouta : \u00a0\u00bb Je me suis pour ma part toujours efforc\u00e9 de le faire sans pour autant alimenter les pol\u00e9miques \u00ab\u00a0. Le 6 f\u00e9vrier, le ministre socialiste des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l’\u00e9poque, Hubert Vedrine eut un discours plus s\u00e9v\u00e8re sur la condamnation d’Hamma Hammami et de ses co-inculp\u00e9s. \u00a0\u00bb Je suis vraiment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par les informations que j’ai re\u00e7ues sur la mani\u00e8re dont le proc\u00e8s s’est d\u00e9roul\u00e9… La Tunisie, en raison m\u00eame des remarquables progr\u00e8s qu’elle a r\u00e9alis\u00e9s ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es dans les domaines \u00e9conomique et social…devrait se permettre, aurait int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 une plus grande ouverture en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9s publiques. \u00a0\u00bb . Le successeur de M. V\u00e9drine, Dominique de Villepin, a \u00e9t\u00e9 plus circonspect dans ses cinq premiers mois de fonction. Le 10 juillet, il a re\u00e7u le Ministre des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Habib Ben Yahia mais n’a fait aucun commentaire public sur les droits de la personne. Un porte-parole du minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a cependant remarqu\u00e9 avec prudence le 30 juillet et le 2 ao\u00fbt que la France avait soulev\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de la Tunisie le cas Hammami. Le 5 septembre, ce porte-parole a accueilli la lib\u00e9ration de M. Hammami comme \u00a0\u00bb un geste d’apaisement bienvenu \u00ab\u00a0. Le ministre de l’int\u00e9rieur Nicolas Sarkozy a fait une visite officielle le 31 octobre dont le but \u00e9tait officiellement d’\u00e9voquer la coop\u00e9ration dans le domaine de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d’aborder les difficult\u00e9s des tunisiens en France. D. De Villepin s’est rendu en Tunisie le 14 novembre et a rencontr\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois le ministre des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Ben Yahia et le Pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali. D. De Villepin a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 plus tard qu’il avait soulev\u00e9 le probl\u00e8me des droits humains durant ces r\u00e9unions mais ni lui ni Nicolas Sarkozy n’ont fait de commentaires publics sur ce sujet. La France reste le premier partenaire commercial de la Tunisie. Le volume des pr\u00eats et des subventions place l’aide par habitant qu’elle accorde \u00e0 la Tunisie au-dessus de celle qu’elle conc\u00e8de \u00e0 tout autre pays. Sa repr\u00e9sentation diplomatique en Tunisie \u00e9tait parmi les plus importantes. Cependant le personnel de l’ambassade a assist\u00e9 moins souvent que les diplomates anglais ou am\u00e9ricains entre autres aux proc\u00e8s politiques et aux autres \u00e9v\u00e8nements li\u00e9s aux droits de la personne. Les Etats-Unis<\/i> Washington a entretenu des relations chaleureuses et effectu\u00e9 des exercices militaires conjoints avec la Tunisie, bien que les am\u00e9ricains ne consid\u00e8rent pas ce pays comme une priorit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion. L’aide bilat\u00e9rale minimale de Washington a compt\u00e9 3,5 millions de dollars au titre de l’aide militaire \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger (Foreign Military Financing) et un million de dollars au titre de la formation militaire (International Military Education Training). Selon une lettre de l’ambassade dat\u00e9e du 7 octobre, \u00a0\u00bb Aucun exercice militaire, aucun financement n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s dans des abus mettant en cause les droits humains \u00ab\u00a0. En ce qui concerne la promotion des droits humains, les principales contributions sont contenues \u00e0 la fois dans le chapitre d\u00e9taill\u00e9 et sans concession du Rapport par pays sur les pratiques en mati\u00e8re de droits de l’Homme et dans le travail du personnel de l’ambassade am\u00e9ricaine. Ce personnel a vigoureusement suivi les conditions sur le terrain en rencontrant des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains et en assistant aux proc\u00e8s politiques. Mais le message sur les droits humains a \u00e9t\u00e9 brouill\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite des \u00e9v\u00e8nements du 11 septembre 2001 par un \u00e9loge, souvent sans r\u00e9serve, de la coop\u00e9ration du Pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali contre le terrorisme. Le directeur de la CIA George Tenet, a rencontr\u00e9 le Pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali \u00e0 Tunis le 18 f\u00e9vrier pour discuter des mesures antiterroristes. Le 19 avril, le Secr\u00e9taire d’Etat Colin Powell a re\u00e7u le Ministre des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Ben Yahia \u00e0 Washington. Un porte-parole du minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a fait l’\u00e9loge ce jour-l\u00e0 de la Tunisie en la qualifiant d'\u00a0\u00bb important soutien de notre campagne contre le terrorisme \u00a0\u00bb mais il n’a rien dit qui laisserait croire que le sujet des droits humains a \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9 pendant la r\u00e9union. Le 4 juillet, l’Ambassadeur am\u00e9ricain Rust M. Deming aurait d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00a0\u00bb Nous avons beaucoup appris de l’exp\u00e9rience tunisienne en mati\u00e8re de lutte contre le terrorisme \u00ab\u00a0. L’ambassadeur a qualifi\u00e9 les relations bilat\u00e9rales d'\u00a0\u00bb exemplaires \u00a0\u00bb dans un entretien publi\u00e9 au m\u00eame moment dans la Revue M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. Dans une lettre adress\u00e9e \u00e0 Human Rights Watch dat\u00e9e du 8 ao\u00fbt, le Secr\u00e9taire d’Etat Powell a affirm\u00e9 que les Etats-Unis continuaient \u00e0 encourager la Tunisie \u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux inqui\u00e9tudes concernant les droits humains \u00ab\u00a0. Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l’Ambassadeur Deming avait rencontr\u00e9, le 5 ao\u00fbt, le Ministre des droits de l’Homme de l’\u00e9poque, Fethi Houidi, et qu’il avait soulev\u00e9 le cas d’Hamma Hammami, entre autres. M. Hammami a \u00e9t\u00e9 rel\u00e2ch\u00e9 un mois plus tard. Le Secr\u00e9taire d’Etat adjoint pour les affaires politiques Marc Grossman s’est rendu \u00e0 Tunis le 5 novembre et a rencontr\u00e9 le Premier ministre Mohamed Ghannouchi ainsi que d’autres ministres. Des membres de l’ambassade ont affirm\u00e9 qu’il avait abord\u00e9 le probl\u00e8me des droits humains en priv\u00e9. Cependant, lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse qu’il a donn\u00e9e ce jour-l\u00e0, Marc Grossman a \u00e9vit\u00e9 de mentionner sa pr\u00e9occupation quant \u00e0 la situation des droits humains alors qu’il a salu\u00e9 la Tunisie comme \u00a0\u00bb mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement social et \u00e9conomique \u00a0\u00bb et qu’il a lou\u00e9 son aide dans la \u00a0\u00bb guerre mondiale contre le terrorisme \u00ab\u00a0.<\/font><\/p>\n
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Human Rights Watch \/ Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord Human Rights Watch est une organisation non gouvernementale \u00e9tablie en 1978 dans le but d’observer et de promouvoir les droits humains internationalement reconnus en Afrique, dans les Am\u00e9riques, en Asie, au Moyen-Orient et parmi les signataires des accords d’Helsinki. L’organisation est financ\u00e9e par des contributions de personnes priv\u00e9es et de fondations \u00e0 travers le monde. Human Rights Watch n’accepte pas de contribution directe ou indirecte de la part de gouvernements. Kenneth Roth est le directeur ex\u00e9cutif et Jonathan Fanton est le pr\u00e9sident du conseil. Sa division Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1989 pour surveiller et promouvoir le respect des droits de l’Homme internationalement reconnus au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord. Hanny Megally est directeur ex\u00e9cutif.<\/p>\n
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Tunisia<\/font><\/h4>\n
Human Rights Developments<\/a> Defending Human Rights<\/a> The Role of the International Community<\/a> <\/ul>\n
HUMAN RIGHTS DEVELOPMENTS<\/a><\/h4>\n
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Tunisian authorities exploited the U.S.-led war on terrorism to curtail public liberties and keep critics of all viewpoints under pressure. The repression tightened after April, when Tunisia suffered its first deadly terrorist attack in many years.<\/p>\n
Suspected Islamists faced the harshest treatment, with a revival of military court trials for civilian suspects, long prison terms under inhumane conditions, and heavy restrictions that kept ex-prisoners from resuming an ordinary life. Liberal and leftist dissidents encountered arbitrary curbs on their rights to meet, demonstrate, and travel, and were victimized by assaults, vandalism, and theft credibly attributed to plainclothes police. A few spent time in prison or remained in exile.<\/p>\n
In parliament in April and in a national referendum in May, the ruling Democratic Constitutional Rally party easily won adoption of constitutional amendments that included new affirmations of certain rights but, more significantly, enabled President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali to run again in 2004 and 2009. They also granted permanent immunity to the head of state for acts connected to official duties. The amendments were approved by more than 99 percent of the voters–the same official margin by which Ben Ali had won re-election in 1989, 1994, and 1999.<\/p>\n
The Islamist Nahda party remained banned, as did the small but vocal Tunisian Communist Workers Party (Parti communiste des ouvriers tunisiens, PCOT). One recently formed opposition party, the Congress for the Republic, continued to be denied legal recognition, while another, the Democratic Forum for Work and Freedom, was legalized on October 25, eight years after first applying for recognition.<\/p>\n
In April, Tunisia suffered the first serious act of political violence in a decade and the first major terrorist attack to be credibly claimed by al-Qaeda since the September 11, 2001 attack on the United States. The target was North Africa’s oldest Jewish synagogue, in Djerba, an international tourist destination. Twenty-one persons, including fourteen Germans, died when a young Tunisian who resided in France detonated the gas-laden truck he was driving. The attack was condemned by all political forces in Tunisia, including the banned Nahda party.<\/p>\n
During 2001 and 2002, authorities increasingly referred suspected Islamists to military courts, particularly those who were arrested after periods spent out of the country. Tens of civilians were charged, many in absentia, under article 123 of the code of military justice for \u00ab\u00a0serving, in times of peace, terrorist organizations operating abroad.\u00a0\u00bb Military courts deprived defendants of fair trial guarantees and their rulings were subject to no appeal except a narrow review by the Court of Cassation.<\/p>\n
On January 30, a Tunis military court convicted B\u00e9chir Ben Zayed, Mounir Gha\u00efth, Abdelbasset Dali, and thirty absentee co-defendants of forming an al-Qaeda-linked terror group called Ahl Al-Jama\u00e2 w’al-Sunnah (Adherents of the Islamic Community and the Traditions of the Prophet). Their lawyers claimed the court ignored allegations that testimonies had been obtained under duress, arrest dates had been falsified to hide irregularities, and the prosecution produced no convincing evidence against the defendants. In April, the Court of Cassation confirmed the sentences of between eight and ten years for the three men. One of their absent co-defendants, Jaber Trabelsi, surrendered to authorities in Italy and on June 26 received an eight-year sentence in a military trial closed to the press.<\/p>\n
While military trials of civilians were troubling, civilian courts hardly ensured a fair trial in politically tinged cases. A stark example was the February 2 re-trial of Hamma Hammami, spokesman of the PCOT, and co-defendants Samir Ta\u00e2mallah and Abdeljabbar Maddouri. The three had just emerged from four years in hiding to challenge their convictions in absentia.<\/p>\n
Before the judge could open the proceedings, police surged into the crowded courtroom and forcibly removed the defendants, prompting a walk-out by the defense lawyers. The defendants were later escorted into a different courtroom, where they told the judge that police had beaten them. The judge did not respond to these allegations. Nor did he conduct any manner of trial or hear testimony. He swiftly re-imposed the original sentences of nine years and three months on charges that included \u00ab\u00a0maintaining an unauthorized association,\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0defamation of the judiciary,\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0inciting the public to violate the country’s laws.\u00a0\u00bb Maddouri received an additional two years for a \u00ab\u00a0defamatory\u00a0\u00bb remark he allegedly uttered that day.<\/p>\n
The sentences were later reduced on appeal. After a five-week hunger strike by Hammami’s wife, human rights lawyer Radhia Nasraoui, and the confirmation of the convictions by Tunisia’s highest court on September 2, authorities conditionally released Hammami and Ta\u00e2mallah on September 4 for \u00ab\u00a0health reasons.\u00a0\u00bb Maddouri was conditionally freed on November 5.<\/p>\n
Tunisia’s prisons held, at a minimum, several hundred political prisoners. The great majority had been convicted in previous years for mere Nahda membership or participation in Nahda activities, without evidence that they had any connection to acts of violence. During the year, suspected Islamists continued to be arrested or re-arrested for these offenses, sometimes reformulated as the crime of \u00ab\u00a0associating with a criminal gang\u00a0\u00bb in order to bypass the statute of limitations that would have applied to lighter charges.<\/p>\n
August marked the tenth anniversary of the conviction in two unfair mass trials before military courts of 265 suspected Nahda leaders and members for an alleged plot to overthrow the state. During 2002, some one hundred remained in prison. These included party leaders like Sadok Chorou, Ajmi El-Ourimi, and Habib Ellouz, who were serving life sentences under harsh conditions. Like some of the other leaders, Ali Laaridh, who was serving fifteen years, endured near-permanent solitary confinement and deprivation of materials for reading and writing.<\/p>\n
In January, authorities cited \u00ab\u00a0humanitarian reasons\u00a0\u00bb in conditionally releasing Mohamed Mouada, a leading opposition politician, seven months after re-imprisoning him. Initially sentenced in 1996 to eleven years on trumped-up charges of providing intelligence to a foreign state, Mouada had been conditionally released later that year but then was subjected to continuous surveillance and harassment until his second arrest in 2001. On both occasions, Mouada’s imprisonment followed his sharp public criticisms of the president.<\/p>\n
Prisons, which since 2001 have been under the authority of the Justice Ministry, remained closed to inspections by independent monitoring groups. Inmates staged frequent hunger strikes to protest overcrowding, poor hygiene, medical neglect, the assignment of prisoners to facilities far from their families, and other abuses. Strikers were sometimes beaten, denied family visits, or placed in isolation.<\/p>\n
Abdelwahab Boussaa died in March after a four-month hunger strike. Lakhdar Essdiri died two weeks later, possibly from medical neglect. Boussaa and Essdiri had been serving sentences of sixteen and twenty-eight years respectively for Nahda activities. Habib Sa\u00efdi, an inmate in his thirties, died mysteriously in late September, only days before his scheduled release; he was the younger brother of Ali Sa\u00efdi, a civil servant and former human rights activist who was murdered under suspicious circumstances in December 2001.<\/p>\n
Released political prisoners faced surveillance, house searches, passport confiscations, and onerous measures of control, sometimes court-ordered but often arbitrary. Freed prisoners were often unable to hold jobs due to government pressures on employers and orders that they sign-in frequently with police. In September, Taoufik Chaieb, an ex-prisoner and former high school teacher in Tunis, reported that police pressures on him and employers had forced him from one job to another. Chaieb was also deprived of a passport.<\/p>\n
After completing an eleven-year sentence for Nahda activities, Abdallah Zouari defied an order from the Ministry of Interior banishing him to the south of the country, far from his family home in the capital. For his refusal, a court sentenced Zouari on August 23 to eight months in prison, a decision upheld on appeal. Authorities conditionally released Zouari on November 6.<\/p>\n
Police also harassed the families of exiled Islamists, questioning them about their relatives abroad and searching their homes.<\/p>\n
The state kept tight reins on all broadcast media and daily newspapers. Only small-circulation, independent, and party periodicals criticized the absence of public liberties, and these were confiscated on occasion.<\/p>\n
As Internet use continued to expand, authorities imprisoned an online writer for the first time. Zouheir Yahiaoui had been pseudonymously publishing the satirical electronic journal Tunezine<\/i> when authorities arrested him on June 4 at the cybercaf\u00e9 where he worked. They then searched his house without a warrant and confiscated computer materials. Yahiaoui was sentenced on June 20 to one year in prison for disseminating \u00ab\u00a0false\u00a0\u00bb information and sixteen months for theft of telecommunication services in connection with the unauthorized Tunezine<\/i>. In July, an appeals court reduced the total sentence to two years. Yahiaoui is the nephew of dismissed Judge Mokhtar Yahiaoui (see below), whose open letter to President Ben Ali first ran in Tunezine<\/i>.<\/p>\n
On June 16, twelve days after Yahiaoui’s arrest, La Presse<\/i> reported that authorities had temporarily shut down some Internet caf\u00e9s that were not complying with the applicable laws. Tunisia’s Internet regulations were designed partly to prevent that medium from escaping government controls placed on other means of _expression.<\/p>\n
While impunity prevailed inside Tunisia, torture victims in exile achieved a victory when one victim persuaded a French judge to issue an international arrest warrant in February for a diplomat stationed in Strasbourg, the first such warrant ever to be issued against a Tunisian. The plaintiff’s complaint alleged that the diplomat, Consul Khaled Ben Sa\u00efd, had been the supervising police officer in Jendouba in 1996 when agents interrogating her bound her ankles and wrists and beat her with sticks and fists. Ben Sa\u00efd disappeared after the warrant was issued.<\/p>\n
In addition to the work of human rights organizations, evidence of civil society assertiveness included a one-day nationwide strike by lawyers to protest police intervention during the Hammami trial in February and steps by the General Union of Tunisian Workers to enhance the union’s internal democracy.<\/p>\n
In January, the government hosted a regional seminar on the Land Mine Ban Treaty in North Africa. The army destroyed one thousand stockpiled antipersonnel mines as part of the event. On October 4, Tunisia submitted its annual report on measures taken to implement the treaty.<\/p>\n
DEFENDING HUMAN RIGHTS<\/a><\/h4>\n
As of mid-November, the government had not shut down human rights organizations or imprisoned human rights defenders in 2002, but authorities continued to employ a wide range of repressive measures to hamper their activities. Defenders faced heavy police surveillance, suspicious break-ins and acts of vandalism, travel bans, dismissals from work, harassment of spouses and children, and frequent blockage of telephone and e-mail service.<\/p>\n
The two leading human rights organizations, the twenty-five-year-old Tunisian Human Rights League (Ligue Tunisienne des droits de l’Homme, LTDH) and the three-year-old National Council on Liberties in Tunisia (Conseil pour les libert\u00e9s en Tunisie, CNLT), operated in legal limbo: the former because of a 2001 court decision nullifying the election of its outspoken executive committee, the latter because its application for legal recognition had been rejected.<\/p>\n
Police on many occasions prevented, without explanation, meetings called by rights groups. On May 19, activists heading from Tunis to Jendouba for an LTDH meeting on political prisoners were intercepted and turned back at a checkpoint on the intercity road. On June 2, the day that the LTDH celebrated the opening of a new office in Monastir province, police occupied the premises and changed the locks, ostensibly pursuant to a lawsuit filed by the landlord. On June 16, Monastir police blocked a rally organized in solidarity with the local LTDH section, and on July 23, a court ruled in favor of the landlord and voided the signed lease. On September 10, police thwarted a meeting at CNLT headquarters in Tunis, pushing away members and guests as they arrived.<\/p>\n
While the state-controlled press maintained a blackout on criticism of authorities by these organizations and by groups such as the independent Tunisian Association of Democratic Women, pro-government papers engaged in lurid campaigns to defame their leaders. For example, Le Quotidien<\/i> in April lambasted CNLT spokesperson Sihem Ben Sedrine for supposedly cozying up to Israeli diplomats while in Geneva, asking whether \u00ab\u00a0organizations that connive with Zionist terrorism can also be working for the well-being of Tunisians . . . [and] for human rights.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
Discrediting the LTDH appeared to be the goal of the extensive coverage given to the charges of attempted rape filed against LTDH Secretary-General Khema\u00efs Ksila in September 2001. The pro-government press shed its customary respect for the privacy of victims of sex crimes, in this case divulging the name of the alleged victim and covering in a detailed, one-sided fashion the accusations against Ksila. It even published excerpts of the investigating judge’s inquiry in apparent violation of Tunisian law. Ksila, who had left the country in 2001, was convicted in February 2002 in absentia for attempted rape and sexual harassment and sentenced to a fine and ten years in prison.<\/p>\n
On December 29, 2001, the Judicial Disciplinary Council dismissed Judge Mokhtar Yahiaoui from the bench for \u00ab\u00a0insulting the honor of the judiciary\u00a0\u00bb and violating his \u00ab\u00a0professional duties\u00a0\u00bb and his \u00ab\u00a0obligation of professional reserve.\u00a0\u00bb Yahiaoui’s offense was to have published, as a sitting judge in July 2001, an open letter to President Ben Ali denouncing the lack of judicial independence. After persisting in his public criticism and rejecting inducements to retract, Yahiaoui found himself the object of anonymous phone threats, surveillance, confiscation of mail, disruption of phone service, and a ban on leaving the country imposed by the Ministry of Justice in November 2001. On April 5, after leaving a pro-Palestinian rally in Tunis, police forced him into a car without explanation and then, twenty kilometers from Tunis, dropped him off at the side of the road.<\/p>\n
The two-year-old travel ban against Moncef Marzouki, a veteran human rights defender, was lifted in late November 2001, days before the visit to Tunisia of French President Jacques Chirac. But the ban against Sadri Khiari, a co-founder of the CNLT and of an unauthorized anti-globalization group, remained in force, preventing Khiari from defending his doctoral dissertation in France.<\/p>\n
Human rights lawyers and defenders in Tunisia suffered a suspiciously high incidence of physical assaults, break-ins, car thefts, and property damage, crimes that were solved by the police rarely if ever. The office of Bechir Essid, the independent president of the national Bar Council, was burglarized and ransacked on the night of October 26-27, 2001. LTDH president Mokhtar Trifi’s law office suffered a similar fate on the night of February 6-7, 2002.<\/p>\n
A high proportion of rights activists endured extended blockages of incoming and outgoing phone calls as well as disruptions of e-mail service. They remained unreachable at times when communication with other Tunisians appeared problem-free.<\/p>\n
Lassaad Jouhri, a disabled ex-prisoner, was assaulted by five men in downtown Tunis in daylight on August 28. They broke one of his crutches and beat him with it. The men refused to identify themselves as security agents to Jouhri but did so when ordering a uniformed policeman not to intervene. For Jouhri, it was the most severe of the assaults he had suffered in apparent retaliation for his publicizing the plight of prisoners.<\/p>\n
The government-sponsored Higher Committee for Human Rights and Fundamental Liberties received members of the public with human rights complaints and had authorization to conduct unannounced inspections of prisons.<\/p>\n
Foreign human rights organizations and trial observers visited frequently during 2002. However, a delegation from the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), arriving to look at the justice system, was turned back at Tunis-Carthage airport June 16 on the pretext that the government had been \u00ab\u00a0insufficiently informed of the mission’s objectives.\u00a0\u00bb Another ICJ delegation was expelled upon its arrival on October 26.<\/p>\n
At politically charged trials, police often admitted some foreign observers while turning away others.<\/p>\n
THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY<\/a><\/h4>\n
United Nations<\/h4>\n
In its report to the Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Committee, dated December 26, 2001, Tunisia stated that it \u00ab\u00a0did not wait for the events of 11 September 2001 before taking the necessary measures to combat terrorism, as it had already proceeded to combat it within its borders and succeeded in countering it.\u00a0\u00bb Among the measures it listed was the above-mentioned trials in military courts of civilians who had returned from abroad.<\/p>\n
The Committee on the Rights of the Child noted some areas of progress in its May 28 response to Tunisia’s periodic report, but said it was \u00ab\u00a0extremely concerned at allegations of violations of the right of the child not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, . . . particularly in relation to children of human rights defenders and political opponents.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
As of mid-October, Tunisian authorities had yet to reply favorably to a long-standing request for a visit by the special rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers.<\/p>\n
European Union<\/h4>\n
The European Union (E.U.) continued to underscore its satisfaction with Tunisia’s record of economic growth and liberalization, along with the pace of tariff reductions pursuant to the four-year-old Association Agreement between the two parties. The E.U. raised rights concerns from time to time, but in a low-key fashion. At the third bilateral Association Council meeting on January 29, an E.U. statement praised Tunisia’s success in reducing poverty and illiteracy but regretted \u00ab\u00a0the absence of progress in certain spheres, notably freedom of _expression, assembly, and association.\u00a0\u00bb Despite a provision in the Association Agreement expressly addressing human rights, however, the E.U. never suggested that Tunisian rights violations imperiled the agreement or aid programs.<\/p>\n
In its Tunisia Strategy Paper under the Euro-Med Partnership for 2002-2006, the E.U. declared, \u00ab\u00a0[t]he impetus for a democratic transition, notably with respect to cooperation with civil society, reinforcing the rule of law and press freedom, seems highly desirable.\u00a0\u00bb However, it noted, dialogue via the Association Council and Committee \u00ab\u00a0progressed with difficulty due to Tunisia’s impatience with respect to criticism by the E.U. concerning matters of human rights.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
The Tunisian government impeded some projects of nongovernmental organizations that had been funded by the European Commission, on the grounds that it had been inadequately informed of them, according to a commission official. However, earlier blockage of European Commission-backed LTDH projects was reported to have eased during the year.<\/p>\n
Responding to a parliamentary question, Commissioner in Charge of External Relations Chris Patten said on July 26 that the European Commission had earlier that month \u00ab\u00a0raised in very clear terms the problem of human rights with various Tunisian ministers and high officials.\u00a0\u00bb In addition to diplomatic communications, he said, the commission’s financial cooperation program with Tunisia emphasized human rights, democratization, and the primacy of law.<\/p>\n
The European Parliament adopted a resolution on March 14 criticizing trial and detention conditions for Hamma Hammami and his co-defendants. A small group of deputies actively defended Tunisian human rights activists and political prisoners.<\/p>\n
France<\/h4>\n
After it voiced increasing discomfort with repression in Tunisia beginning in 2000, France eased the pressure following the events of September 11, 2001, the re-election of President Jacques Chirac in May 2002, and the ouster of the Socialist-led government by center-right parties in June.<\/p>\n
In Tunis on December 1, 2001, Chirac praised Ben Ali’s \u00ab\u00a0exemplary\u00a0\u00bb rejection of \u00ab\u00a0intolerance\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0fundamentalism,\u00a0\u00bb overlooking his use of such labels as a cover for jailing nonviolent critics and crushing all dissent. \u00ab\u00a0It’s clear that if everyone, regardless of the country or the religion, had the same attitude, there would probably be far fewer problems and human rights violations,\u00a0\u00bb Chirac told the press. He stated that rights issues were raised in bilateral talks, but added, \u00ab\u00a0I have always strived to do so in a noncontentious manner.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
On February 6, then-Foreign Minister Hubert Vedrine of the Socialist Party spoke more bluntly on the conviction of Hamma Hammami and his co-defendants. \u00ab\u00a0I am very concerned by the reports I have received concerning the conduct of the trial,\u00a0\u00bb he said. \u00ab\u00a0Precisely because of the remarkable economic and social progress it has achieved . . . Tunisia should be widening the space for public liberties.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
Vedrine’s successor, Dominique de Villepin, was more circumspect in his first months in office. His hosting of Foreign Minister Habib Ben Yahia on July 10 occasioned no public comment on human rights. However, a French Foreign Ministry spokesperson cautiously noted on July 30 and August 2 that France had raised with Tunisia the Hammami case. On September 5, the spokesperson welcomed Hammami’s release as a \u00ab\u00a0conciliatory gesture.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy conducted an official visit on October 31 described as focusing on security cooperation and the plight of Tunisians in France. De Villepin visited on November 14 and met both with Foreign Minister Ben Yahia and President Ben Ali. De Villepin later said he raised human rights in his meetings but neither he nor Sarkozy commented publicly on the subject.<\/p>\n
France remained Tunisia’s leading trade partner. France’s loans and grants surpassed, on a per capita basis, the aid it provided to any other country, and its diplomatic mission in Tunisia was among the largest in that country. However, embassy personnel attended political trials and other human rights events less frequently than diplomats from Great Britain and the U.S., among other countries.<\/p>\n
United States<\/h4>\n
Washington enjoyed warm relations and conducted joint military exercises with Tunisia, although it did not view it as a priority country in the region. Washington’s minimal bilateral assistance included U.S.$3.5 million in Foreign Military Financing and $1 million in International Military Education Training. According to an embassy letter dated October 7, \u00ab\u00a0None of the military exercises or financing has been associated with security forces implicated in human rights abuses.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
The main U.S. contributions to rights promotion were the detailed, hard-hitting chapter in its Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and the work of U.S. embassy staff who actively monitored conditions on the ground by meeting with human rights defenders and attending political trials. But the human rights message was muddled following the events of September 11, 2001 by often unqualified praise given to President Ben Ali’s cooperation against terrorism.<\/p>\n
Central Intelligence Agency Director George Tenet met with President Ben Ali in Tunis on February 18 and conferred on anti-terrorism measures. On April 19, Secretary of State Colin Powell received Foreign Minister Ben Yahia in Washington. A State Department spokesman that day praised Tunisia as \u00ab\u00a0a strong supporter of our campaign against terrorism\u00a0\u00bb but gave no indication that human rights issues were raised in the meeting.<\/p>\n
On July 4, U.S. Ambassador Rust M. Deming reportedly declared: \u00ab\u00a0We have learned a lot from the Tunisian experience in combating terrorism.\u00a0\u00bb The ambassador described bilateral relations as \u00ab\u00a0exemplary\u00a0\u00bb in an interview published around the same time in the Revue M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e<\/i>. In a letter to Human Rights Watch of August 8, Secretary of State Powell stated that the U.S. was continuing to encourage Tunisia \u00ab\u00a0to address serious concerns about human rights.\u00a0\u00bb He said that Ambassador Deming had met on August 5 with then-Minister of Human Rights Fethi Houidi and raised the case of Hamma Hammami, among others. Hammami was released one month later.<\/p>\n
Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Marc Grossman visited Tunis on November 5 and met with Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi and other ministers. Embassy sources said he raised human rights issues privately. But in his press conference that day Grossman avoided mention of human rights concerns while hailing Tunisia as a \u00ab\u00a0model of social and economic development\u00a0\u00bb and praising its help in the \u00ab\u00a0global war on terrorism.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
<\/font> <\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/h5>\n<\/h5>\n
<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/font><\/h5>\n
<\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 – \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633 <\/o:p> <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span>.<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647<\/span>.<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u0628\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span>.<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/span> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2003)<\/b><\/font><\/span> <\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/p>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/font> <\/p>\n
\n
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<\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/p>\n
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\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<\/font> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627<\/span>\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 15 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2003)<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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Huits morts dans les inondations en Tunisie<\/strong><\/font><\/h5>\n<\/p>\n
AFP, le 14.01.2003 \u00e0 18h24 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TUNIS, 14 jan (AFP) – Huit personnes ont trouv\u00e9 la mort dans les\u00a0 r\u00e9gions du Kef (nord-ouest) et de Sbitla (centre) lors des\u00a0 intemp\u00e9ries qui ont frapp\u00e9 la Tunisie ce week-end, a-t-on appris\u00a0 mardi de sources concordantes. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Selon le journal de langue arabe Achourouk, quatre \u00e9coliers et\u00a0 deux adultes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s par les eaux \u00e0 Sidi Mtir et Dahmani\u00a0 dans la r\u00e9gion d’El Kef (170 Km au nord-ouest de Tunis). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Deux autres \u00e9coli\u00e8res sont \u00e9galement mortes \u00e0 Sbitla dans la\u00a0 r\u00e9gion de Kasserine (300 km au sud-ouest de Tunis) en tentant de\u00a0 traverser un oued en crue, a indiqu\u00e9 le journal. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les autorit\u00e9s ont annonc\u00e9 l’envoi de secours dans dix provinces\u00a0 touch\u00e9es par les intemp\u00e9ries, mais n’ont pas fait \u00e9tat de victimes. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Selon des habitants de Boussalem (nord-ouest), localit\u00e9\u00a0 travers\u00e9e par la Madjerda, le plus important cours d’eau de Tunisie,\u00a0 le d\u00e9bordement des rivi\u00e8res a provoqu\u00e9 des inondations, et certaines\u00a0 routes \u00e9taient encore ferm\u00e9es \u00e0 la circulation mardi. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Des familles de cette localit\u00e9 ont d\u00fb passer deux nuits sur les\u00a0 toits de leur maison inond\u00e9e, alors que les cours \u00e9taient encore\u00a0 suspendus mardi dans certaines \u00e9coles de la r\u00e9gion, selon la m\u00eame\u00a0 source. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les autorit\u00e9s ont fait \u00e9vacuer des habitants dans des centres\u00a0 d’h\u00e9bergement provisoires. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Des pluies diluviennes se sont abattues durant le week-end sur\u00a0 l’ensemble de la Tunisie apr\u00e8s plusieurs ann\u00e9es de s\u00e9cheresse. Elles\u00a0 \u00e9taient accompagn\u00e9es de froid, de gr\u00eale et de vents violents. \u00a0 AFP<\/p>\n
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Forte hausse en 2002 des recettes de privatisation en Tunisie<\/font><\/h5>\n
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Associated Press, le 15 janvier 2003 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TUNIS (AP) — En 2002, les op\u00e9rations de privatisation ont rapport\u00e9 au budget de l’Etat tunisien environ 365 millions d’euros, contre 100 millions en 2001. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cette progression notable provient essentiellement de la vente de la deuxi\u00e8me licence de GSM \u00e0 l’op\u00e9rateur priv\u00e9 \u00e9gyptien ORASCOM pour 454 millions de d’euros, dont la moiti\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 vers\u00e9e \u00e0 la signature du contrat en mai dernier. L’autre moiti\u00e9 devra \u00eatre d\u00e9bloqu\u00e9e fin septembre 2004. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Autre grande op\u00e9ration de privatisation r\u00e9ussie en 2002, la vente de 52% du capital de l’Union internationale de banque (UIB) pour 79 millions d’euros \u00e0 la banque fran\u00e7aise Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, qui confirme ses ambitions dans le Maghreb. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lanc\u00e9 par le gouvernement tunisien en 1987, le programme de privatisation totale ou partielle des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques a concern\u00e9 jusqu’en 2002, 162 entreprises qui ont engendr\u00e9 des recettes globales de 1,7 milliard d’euros. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Le rythme de ces op\u00e9rations est all\u00e9 crescendo passant de 37 entreprises au cours de la p\u00e9riode 1987\/1991 \u00e0 44 les quatre ann\u00e9es suivantes, pour atteindre 78 unit\u00e9s de 1997 \u00e0 2001. En 2003, il est pr\u00e9vu la cession de 21 entreprises pour des recettes atteignant environ 700 millions d’euros. \u00a0 Associated Press <\/div>\n
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La s\u00e9cheresse plombe la production d’oranges tunisiennes<\/strong><\/font><\/h6>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Associated Press, le 15 janvier 2003 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TUNIS (AP) — La r\u00e9colte d’agrumes en Tunisie, qui en est l’un des principaux producteurs dans le bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, est estim\u00e9e \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 225.000 tonnes pour la saison 2002\/2003, contre 240.000 tonnes auparavant (-5%), selon des chiffres officiels. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A l’origine de cette baisse, la s\u00e9cheresse qui a s\u00e9vi durant quatre ann\u00e9es successives dans le pays et son corollaire, le degr\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 de salinit\u00e9 des eaux utilis\u00e9es dans l’irrigation des orangeraies. Il est pr\u00e9vu toutefois un accroissement des exportations qui passeront de 23.000 tonnes \u00e0 25.000 tonnes cette saison, le plus gros contingent devant \u00eatre \u00e9coul\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais, le reste en R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que, en Pologne et en Autriche. \u00a0 Associated Press <\/div>\n
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Madrid favorable \u00e0 un sommet de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e occidentale \u00e0 Tunis<\/font><\/h6>\n
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AFP, le 15.01.2003 \u00e0 15h33 \u00a0MADRID, 15 jan (AFP) – Le pr\u00e9sident du gouvernement espagnol\u00a0 Jos\u00e9 Maria Aznar a apport\u00e9 son appui mercredi \u00e0 la r\u00e9union d’un\u00a0 sommet des pays riverains de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e occidentale, en 2003,\u00a0 en Tunisie. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Au cours d’une conf\u00e9rence de presse commune, \u00e0 Madrid, avec le\u00a0 chef du gouvernement tunisien Mohamed Ghannouchi, M. Aznar a d\u00e9clar\u00e9\u00a0 qu’il appuie la proposition tunisienne pour que se tienne cette\u00a0 ann\u00e9e dans ce pays un sommet des chefs d’Etat et de gouvernement des\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a05+5\u00a0\u00bb (Alg\u00e9rie, Libye, Maroc, Mauritanie, Tunisie, Espagne, France,\u00a0 Italie, Malte et Portugal) visant \u00e0 renforcer la coop\u00e9ration entre\u00a0 les pays de cette r\u00e9gion.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0Apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9union minist\u00e9rielle pr\u00e9vue en avril \u00e0 Paris, le\u00a0 second semestre de l’ann\u00e9e serait une bonne date pour le sommet \u00e0\u00a0 Tunis\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il dit. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les deux chefs de gouvernement ont soulign\u00e9 la convergence de\u00a0 leurs points de vue sur les questions bilat\u00e9rales, r\u00e9gionales, et\u00a0 internationales. \u00ab\u00a0Notre coop\u00e9ration est continue, positive et\u00a0 satisfaisante, et nos relations sont un mod\u00e8le\u00a0\u00bb, a assur\u00e9 M. Aznar. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pour Mohamed Ghannouchi, les relations entre les deux pays \u00ab\u00a0se\u00a0 renforcent et s’affermissent \u00e0 chaque rencontre\u00a0\u00bb. \u00ab\u00a0L’Espagne est\u00a0 d\u00e9sormais un important partenaire de la Tunisie. C’est notre 4\u00e8me\u00a0 client, notre 5\u00e8me fournisseur, notre 8\u00e8me investisseur, et le 8\u00e8me\u00a0 pays \u00e9metteur de touristes\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il dit. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La rencontre de mercredi est la cinqui\u00e8me entre les chefs de\u00a0 gouvernement des deux pays depuis que l’Espagne et la Tunisie ont\u00a0 sign\u00e9, en 1995, un trait\u00e9 d’amiti\u00e9, de coop\u00e9ration et de bon\u00a0 voisinage. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Apr\u00e8s ses entretiens avec M. Aznar, Mohamed Ghannouchi a\u00a0 particip\u00e9 \u00e0 une rencontre d’hommes d’affaires tunisiens et espagnols\u00a0 pour examiner les possibilit\u00e9s de coop\u00e9ration industrielle et des\u00a0 entreprises ainsi que le d\u00e9veloppement des investissements entre les\u00a0 deux pays.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Le pr\u00e9sident de l’association des chefs d’entreprises espagnols\u00a0 (CEOE), Jos\u00e9 Maria Cuevas, s’est montr\u00e9 optimiste sur la possibilit\u00e9\u00a0 de d\u00e9velopper la pr\u00e9sence des entreprises espagnoles en Tunisie,\u00a0 notamment les petites et moyennes. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0L’Espagne appara\u00eet comme un partenaire industriel et\u00a0 technologique particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressant si l’on tient en compte\u00a0 des relations privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es que la Tunisie entretient avec l’Union\u00a0 europ\u00e9enne\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il dit. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Avant de regagner Tunis, mercredi soir, Mohamed Ghannouchi doit\u00a0 s’entretenir avec la pr\u00e9sidente de la chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s Luisa\u00a0 Fernanda Rudi, et \u00eatre re\u00e7u en audience par le roi Juan Carlos. \u00a0 AFP <\/font><\/div>\n
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Les Etats arabes d\u00e9cident de r\u00e9primer des activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es au terrorisme<\/font><\/h6>\n
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AFP, le 14.01.2003 \u00e0 18h20<\/font> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TUNIS, 14 jan (AFP) – Le Conseil des ministres arabes de\u00a0 l’Int\u00e9rieur a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9primer une s\u00e9rie d’activit\u00e9s susceptibles\u00a0 de servir le terrorisme en mati\u00e8re d’\u00e9dition et de financement,\u00a0 selon un communiqu\u00e9 final du Conseil publi\u00e9 mardi \u00e0 Tunis. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les ministres de l’Int\u00e9rieur de 19 Etats arabes r\u00e9unis, lundi et\u00a0 mardi, ont confi\u00e9 \u00e0 des experts la charge de r\u00e9pertorier ces\u00a0 activit\u00e9s comme \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9lits criminels\u00a0\u00bb en vertu de l’accord inter-arabe\u00a0 de lutte contre le terrorisme. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Il s’agit, selon le communiqu\u00e9, d’actions \u00ab\u00a0d’incitation ou de\u00a0 propagande, d’\u00e9dition et de diffusion de mat\u00e9riaux li\u00e9s au\u00a0 terrorisme\u00a0\u00bb. Au nombre de ces activit\u00e9s figurent aussi \u00ab\u00a0la collecte\u00a0 de fonds au profit du terrorisme sous couvert de bienfaisance, la\u00a0 d\u00e9tention et l’usage de biens et \u00e9quipements \u00e0 des fins\u00a0 terroristes\u00a0\u00bb. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Le Conseil a en outre fait le point sur la mise en oeuvre de\u00a0 diff\u00e9rents accords et \u00ab\u00a0strat\u00e9gies\u00a0\u00bb adopt\u00e9s ant\u00e9rieurement en mati\u00e8re\u00a0 de lutte contre le terrorisme, la criminalit\u00e9, le trafic de drogue\u00a0 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les participants ont adopt\u00e9 trois programmes ex\u00e9cutifs ayant\u00a0 trait notamment \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention du crime et d\u00e9cid\u00e9\u00a0 de revoir la mouture d’un projet prototype sur le blanchiment des\u00a0 fonds. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Le ministre libanais de l’Int\u00e9rieur Elyas al-Murr, qui a pr\u00e9sid\u00e9\u00a0 la 20e session ordinaire du Conseil, a indiqu\u00e9 au cours d’un point\u00a0 de presse que celle-ci a ax\u00e9 ses travaux sur les aspects li\u00e9s au\u00a0 terrorisme, la situation dans les territoires palestiniens et le\u00a0 dossier de l’Irak. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Selon lui, les participants ont soulign\u00e9 l’int\u00e9r\u00eat d’une\u00a0 d\u00e9finition pr\u00e9cise du terrorisme afin d’\u00e9viter les amalgames. \u00ab\u00a0Nous\u00a0 sommes indign\u00e9s de voir mise \u00e0 l’index la pratique de la zakat\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0 tribut religieux obligatoire en islam. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ces fonds sont r\u00e9serv\u00e9s par les musulmans fortun\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs\u00a0 coreligionnaires d\u00e9munis, a affirm\u00e9 le ministre libanais, d\u00e9mentant\u00a0 leur utilisation \u00e0 des fins terroristes. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M. al-Murr a accus\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0les m\u00e9dias occidentaux manipul\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb de\u00a0 d\u00e9former l’image des Arabes, \u00ab\u00a0plac\u00e9s sur le banc des accus\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb depuis\u00a0 les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 aux Etats-unis. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lundi, le ministre saoudien de l’Int\u00e9rieur, Nayef Ben Abdelaziz,\u00a0 et le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Conseil, Mohamed Ali al-Qoumane, avaient\u00a0 d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 une campagne \u00ab\u00a0hostile\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0injuste\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 l’encontre des Arabes\u00a0 et des musulmans depuis les attaques du 11 septembre 2001. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M. Al-Murr a fait \u00e9tat d’une \u00ab\u00a0vive pr\u00e9occupation\u00a0\u00bb du Conseil au\u00a0 sujet \u00ab\u00a0des menaces et pressions excerc\u00e9es sur l’Irak\u00a0\u00bb et appel\u00e9 \u00e0\u00a0 une \u00ab\u00a0stricte application des r\u00e9solutions de l’Onu, contrairement \u00e0\u00a0 ce qui se produit actuellement\u00a0\u00bb. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les ministres de l’Int\u00e9rieur ont enfin d\u00e9cid\u00e9 une assistance\u00a0 pour la \u00ab\u00a0reconstruction\u00a0\u00bb de la police palestinienne \u00e0 la demande de\u00a0 leur homologue palestinien Hani al-Hassan. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La session annuelle du Conseil sera suivie mercredi par une\u00a0 r\u00e9union conjointe \u00e0 Tunis des ministres arabes de l’Int\u00e9rieur avec\u00a0 leurs homologues charg\u00e9es de l’Information. \u00a0 AFP<\/font><\/p>\n
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\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 14\/1\/2003: <\/o:p> <\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649<\/b> <\/o:p> <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Amira1 : Le dernier voyage de Hichem Bouzai\u00e8ne<\/font><\/h6>\n
<\/strong> Hichem Bouza\u00ef\u00e8ne, 29 ans, originaire de Gafsa, est l’un des 23 disparus du naufrage de l’Amira-1. Hichem, fils unique, vivait avec sa m\u00e8re dans cette r\u00e9gion du Sud tunisien. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9 depuis pr\u00e8s de 3 ans, en tant que marin. \u00a0 Il avait quitt\u00e9 sa famille il y a pr\u00e8s de 3 mois pour un long p\u00e9riple qui devait durer six mois ; il ne savait pas que le destin lui cachait la derni\u00e8re surprise. Unique soutien de sa m\u00e8re, Hichem avait tout \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9e : les meubles, les articles m\u00e9nagers, etc… \u00a0 Kalthoum, l’une de ses cousines, et qui r\u00e9side dans la capitale, nous raconte qu’elle l’avait accompagn\u00e9 au port de La Goulette, il y a 3 mois, pour ce dernier voyage. \u00a0 En apprenant la nouvelle, elle prit contact avec la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Poulina \u00e0 Ezzahra pour s’assurer de la v\u00e9racit\u00e9 de l’information. Selon notre interlocutrice, trois stagiaires n\u00e9s en 1978 figurent parmi les disparus. C’\u00e9tait leur premi\u00e8re et ultime exp\u00e9rience en mer. \u00a0 (Source: Le Quotidien du 15 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Les proches des disparus entre l’angoisse et l’impatience<\/font><\/h6>\n
<\/strong> L’angoisse, la tristesse et l’impatience des proches des disparus du navire, \u00abAmira 1\u00bb \u00e9taient hier, \u00e0 leur haut niveau au si\u00e8ge de Poulina, soci\u00e9t\u00e9-m\u00e8re de la Compagnie maritime \u00abAmira 1 \u00bb qui g\u00e8re le cargo disparu sis \u00e0 Ezzahra. \u00a0 De nombreux proches des 19 marins disparus ont investi les lieux attendant la moindre nouvelle information concernant l’\u00e9quipage du cargo. \u00a0 Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des responsables de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui g\u00e8re \u00ab\u00a0l’Armira 1\u00a0\u00bb, les informations filtrent au compte-gouttes. M.Ahmed El Hammami, charg\u00e9 de suivre le dossier et de prendre contact avec les familles s’est fait plut\u00f4t parcimonieux \u00e0 ce sujet. \u00a0 (Source: Le Quotidien du 15 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Naufrag\u00e9s au large de Djerba : Un deuxi\u00e8me corps retrouv\u00e9<\/font><\/h6>\n
<\/strong> Tous les moyens humains et mat\u00e9riels mis en Oeuvre pour retrouver le chalutier \u00ab\u00a0Khaled Thameur\u00a0\u00bb et ses marins ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s hier dans les op\u00e9rations de recherche dans des conditions extr\u00eamement difficiles, \u00e0 cause des perturbations atmosph\u00e9riques. \u00a0 Apr\u00e8s le rep\u00eachage avant-hier du corps du m\u00e9canicien du chalutier, Ali Habiri, un autre corps a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9. Celui du Ra\u00efs \u00ab\u00a0du chalutier Ahmed Rhimi\u00a0\u00bb. \u00a0 Voici par ailleurs la liste des dix membres de l’\u00e9quipage du chalutier: \u00a0 – Ahmed Rhimi<\/strong> (n\u00e9 en 1967-mari\u00e9-originaire de B\u00e9ja) – Ali Habiri<\/strong> (n\u00e9 en 1967-Sakiet Ezzit). – Kamel Ben El B\u00e9chir<\/strong> (n\u00e9 en 1974 – Ouled Jaballah<\/strong>-Mahdia) – Walid Haj Amor<\/strong> (19 ans-Ouled Jaballah (Mahdia) – Najeh Ben Messaoud<\/strong> (18 ans-Ouled Jaballah -Mahdia). – Mabrouk Zdiri<\/strong> (n\u00e9 en 1949) – Habib Ichaoui<\/strong> (n\u00e9 en 1974-Banlieue de Sfax) – Faouzi Sa\u00efdi<\/strong> (31 ans-originaire de Thala Kasserine). –Ridha Mahmoudi<\/strong> (n\u00e9 en 1971-originaire du gouvernorat de Tunis). \u00a0 (Source: Le Temps du 15 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font>\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Une barque fait naufrage au large de K\u00e9libia<\/font><\/h6>\n
<\/strong> Une Barque de p\u00eache a disparu au large de K\u00e9libia. La barque appartenait \u00e0 un chalutier qui avait quitt\u00e9 K\u00e9libia le jour du drame. La barque aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 perdue entre Al Haouaria et Sidi Daoud. Un marin \u00e9tait \u00e0 bord de la barque.Toutes les recherches men\u00e9es n’ont pas permis jusqu’\u00e0 hier soir de retrouver la barque et son occupant. \u00a0 (Source: Le Temps du 15 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
R\u00e9forme de l’assurance-maladie : ann\u00e9e d\u00e9cisive<\/font><\/h6>\n
<\/strong>L’ann\u00e9e 2003, serait une ann\u00e9e d\u00e9cisive pour la r\u00e9forme de l’assurance maladie. Normalement, les parties jusque-l\u00e0 oppos\u00e9es sur diff\u00e9rents points du projet doivent parvenir, selon une source inform\u00e9e au minist\u00e8re des Affaires sociales, \u00e0 des positions consensuelles. \u00a0 Une fois atteint, cet objectif permettra de passer \u00e0 l’\u00e9tape suivante qui est celle de l’\u00e9laboration des lois et des textes d’application aff\u00e9rents \u00e0 ce projet de r\u00e9forme. Si ces \u00e9tapes sont franchies pendant l’ann\u00e9e en cours, le nouveau projet entrera en vigueur en 2004. \u00a0 (Source: Le Temps du 15 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Emigration en Italie : Le contrat de travail, seule et unique condition<\/font><\/h6>\n
<\/strong> De nouvelles mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises r\u00e9cemment en vue de renforcer la coop\u00e9ration bilat\u00e9rale tuniso-italienne, notamment dans le domaine de l’\u00e9migration. L’Italie r\u00e9serve, faut-il le rappeler, un quota de plus de 3 mille contrats de travail pour la Tunisie. \u00a0 D\u00e9sormais, la tendance est vers l’assouplissement. Il suffit pour le candidat \u00e0 l’\u00e9migration de briguer un contrat de travail pour pouvoir joindre l’Italie. \u00a0 Cet assouplissement qui portera le quota attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la Tunisie \u00e0 5 voire \u00e0 7 mille \u00e9migr\u00e9s, est le fruit de la consolidation de la coop\u00e9ration tuniso-italienne dans ce domaine. Le contrat de travail, seule et unique garantie pour l’\u00e9migr\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 ainsi d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et comportera, en vertu des derni\u00e8res conventions conclues entre les deux parties, de nouvelles clauses. \u00a0 (Source: Le Temps du 15 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Informatique : Une autre \u00ab\u00a0High-Tech\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/h6>\n
<\/strong> Les NTIC sont devenues le secteur qui refl\u00e8te le mieux le degr\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement technologique de la Tunisie. \u00a0 Mettant \u00e0 profit la logistique offerte par le Parc technologique des communications d’El Ghazala, des investisseurs tunisiens et europ\u00e9ens viennent de cr\u00e9er une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9veloppement des logiciels li\u00e9s au commerce \u00e9lectronique, la gestion \u00e9lectronique des documents et de la fourniture des services de certification \u00e9lectronique. \u00a0 Le tour de table pour la constitution de cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e STE.TUNCERT.SA, regroupe des partenaires europ\u00e9ens, comme la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 KHEPHREN, des sp\u00e9cialistes tunisiens du secteur comme M. Moez Souabni, et une SICAR, la COTIF SICAR, qui fait partie du groupe \u00ab\u00a0Carte\u00a0\u00bb, dirig\u00e9 par M. Hassine Doghri. \u00a0 C’est M. Abdelaziz Frikha, un grand sp\u00e9cialiste des NTIC, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9 de diriger cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et nomm\u00e9 au poste de directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. \u00a0 (Source: Le Quotidien du 15 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> \u00a0 <\/p>\n
Rencontre : O\u00f9 va le monde arabe ?<\/font><\/h6>\n
<\/strong> Le Mouvement des D\u00e9mocrates Socialistes organise vendredi 17 janvier \u00e0 15H00 \u00e0 l’h\u00f4tel El Mechtel de Tunis un colloque sur: A la lumi\u00e8re des d\u00e9veloppements r\u00e9gionaux et internationaux: o\u00f9 va le monde arabe? \u00a0 Participeront \u00e0 ce colloque M. B\u00e9ji Ga\u00efed Essebsi, M. Ahmed Ounaies, M. Chedli Ayari, M.Azzam Mahjoub, M. Hichem Ja\u00eft et M. Mohamed Ben Ahmed. \u00a0 (Source: Le Temps du 15 janvier 2003, d\u2019apr\u00e9s le portail Babelweb)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n
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Football\/Mondial 2010 – Candidature conjointe Maroc\/Tunisie?<\/font><\/h6>\n
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REUTERS, le 15.01.2003 \u00e0 17h10 RABAT, 15 janvier (Reuters) – Le Maroc et la Tunisie envisagent de pr\u00e9senter une candidature commune \u00e0 l’organisation de la Coupe du monde de football 2010, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 mercredi un responsable de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration marocaine de football.<\/font> <\/div>\n
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Un \u00e9missaire du roi Mohammed VI a rencontr\u00e9 \u00e0 ce sujet le pr\u00e9sident tunisien Zine al Abidine Ben Ali la semaine derni\u00e8re, a-t-il pr\u00e9cis\u00e9. \u00ab\u00a0Nous attendons l’annonce officielle de la candidature commune qui devrait intervenir dans les jours qui viennent\u00a0\u00bb, a ajout\u00e9 ce responsable. Les deux pays ont pour l’instant d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une candidature s\u00e9par\u00e9e pour accueillir la phase finale du Mondial, promise par la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration internationale (Fifa) au continent africain en 2010. Outre la Tunisie et le Maroc, l’Egypte, la Libye, Le Nigeria et l’Afrique du Sud sont candidats. La candidature du Maroc a \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9e \u00e0 trois reprises dans le pass\u00e9, en 1994, 1998 et 2006. Reuters <\/div>\n
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SOCO Tunisia sees appraisal well success in Tunisia<\/strong><\/font><\/h6>\n<\/p>\n
Jan 14, 2003 (Al-Bawaba via COMTEX)\u00a0 \u00a0 The UK-based SOCO International has recently announced the successful test of an appraisal well drilled in the Didon field in the Zarat permit offshore Tunisia. The Didon 4 well tested at a rate of 3,200 barrels of oil per day (bopd) with no water with a surface flowing pressure of 1,300 pounds per square inch from a horizontal section drilled in the El Gueria formation. \u00a0 The well was drilled to a total vertical depth of 2,763 meters and a total measured depth of 3,040 metres. The well has been temporarily abandoned. Current plans envisage the drilling of another well and tieback of all production to a process platform, with incremental production to commence in 2004. \u00a0 The Didon 4 well was drilled to test the eastward extension of the Didon producing field. Although currently producing at a reduced rate of approximately 4,000 bopd to effect repairs on a faulty riser, the Didon field had a gross production rate of approximately 7,250 bopd in 2002. \u00a0 SOCO Tunisia Pty. Ltd., SOCO International’s wholly owned subsidiary, currently holds a 22.2 percent non-operated working interest in the Zarat permit. SOCO is an international oil and gas exploration and production company, headquartered in London. \u00a0 The company has interests in Vietnam, Mongolia, Yemen, Libya, Tunisia, Thailand and North Korea with production operations in Yemen, Tunisia and Mongolia. – (menareport.com) \u00a0 By Mena Report Reporters (C) 2003 Albawaba.com, All rights reserved.<\/p>\n
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\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/span>
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627<\/span>\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 15 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2003)<\/span><\/b><\/font> <\/o:p> <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
<\/o:p> <\/span> <\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/span><\/p>\n
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627<\/span>\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 13 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2003)<\/span><\/b><\/font> \u00a0<\/o:p> <\/span><\/font>\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/div>\n
\n
\u00a0<\/font><\/strong> <\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/span><\/p>\n
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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 15 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2003)<\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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