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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 – \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u064a: \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0633: \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d: \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/font> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u061f<\/font><\/p>\n
\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 ….\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u061f <\/strong><\/font> <\/div>\n
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Voix Libre: Communiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 propos des journalistes otages<\/font><\/div>\n
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ADPM: Tunisie – Un candidat aux \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles entame une tourn\u00e9e canadienne<\/font><\/div>\n
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Index on Censorship: Tunisia: Clampdown on the internet continues<\/font> <\/font><\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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La Presse: Exportation de know how : une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne s’impose \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle internationale<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
El wehda: Harc\u00e8lement sexuel + LOI et FOI<\/div>\n
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Balha BoujadiAi-je le droit d\u2019\u00eatre anti-islamiste ? Zouhair Yahyaoui: L\u2019Association des Journalistes Tunisiens sombre dans la d\u00e9linquance<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
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Le Jeune Ind\u00e9pendant: Campagne c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re 2003-2004\u00a0 – Le Maroc a produit le double de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/font><\/h3>\n
Le Monde: L’homme qui a invent\u00e9 Bush<\/font><\/div>\n
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Pour afficher les caract\u00e8res arabes\u00a0<\/font> suivre la d\u00e9marche suivante<\/font> : Affichage<\/font> \/ Codage<\/font> \/ Arabe ( Windows )<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
To read arabic<\/font> text click on the View<\/font>\u00a0then Encoding <\/font>then <\/font>Arabic (Windows).<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Voix Libre <\/font><\/strong>Association oeuvrant pour les droits de l’Homme \u00a0<\/font><\/font><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n
Communiqu\u00e9<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
Paris le 29 aout 2004<\/font><\/div>\n
Voix libre exprime sa vive inqui\u00e9tude quant au sort de Christian Chesnot, pigiste des radios publiques Radio France et Radio France Internationale (RFI), et Georges Malbrunot, envoy\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial du Figaro et de Ouest-France et correspondant de RTL, pris en otage en Iraq occup\u00e9 depuis le vendredi 21 ao\u00fbt, et soutient pleinement leurs familles et leurs \u00e9quipes dans cette \u00e9preuve p\u00e9nible. Nous d\u00e9non\u00e7ons cet acte odieux qui indique qu’il existe manifestement une volont\u00e9 pr\u00e9m\u00e9dit\u00e9e de nuire aux relations entre la France et le peuple Iraqien et d’envenimer les relations entre les musulmans fran\u00e7ais et leur r\u00e9publique. Certes le caract\u00e8re circonstanciel et contestable de la loi anti-voile a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part d\u00e9cri\u00e9 par l\u2019ensemble des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l\u2019homme et des libert\u00e9s individuelles en France et ailleurs et par des partis politiques fran\u00e7ais, mais cette affaire reste une affaire int\u00e9rieure au peuple fran\u00e7ais. Nous souhaitons vivement que les diff\u00e9rentes initiatives aboutiront rapidement \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration inconditionnelle de Messieurs Christian Chesnot et Georges Malbrunot et de tous les autres otages. Rappelons enfin que c\u2019est l\u2019invasion am\u00e9ricaine qui est \u00e0 l\u2019origine du chaos qui r\u00e8gne dans ce pays et des drames quotidiens dont il est le th\u00e9\u00e2tre.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dr Ahmed AMRI,<\/font><\/strong> Pr\u00e9sident Voix Libre: 12 rue Sadi Carnot \u2013 93170 Bagnolet- France Tel : 33 6 26 37 49 29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fax : 33 1 43 63 13 52\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Email : voixlibre2003@yahoo.fr<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/font> <\/p>\n
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\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a 29 \u0623\u0648\u062a 2004 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/font> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 fctt@hotmail.com<\/font> mob:0044(0)7733478770<\/font><\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/font> ARAB COMMISSION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION ARABE DES DROITS HUMAINS <\/font><\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/font><\/h3>\n
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\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a 29\/8\/2004\u00a0 <\/div>\n
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Communiqu\u00e9 de presse<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
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Pour diffusion imm\u00e9diate<\/font><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Tunisie\u00a0: un candidat aux \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles entame une tourn\u00e9e canadienne<\/font><\/h3>\n
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Ottawa et Qu\u00e9bec, le 30 ao\u00fbt 2004<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Invit\u00e9 par l\u2019Association pour les droits de la personne au Maghreb (ADPM), Me Ahmed Nejib Chebbi, Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Parti d\u00e9mocratique progressiste (PDP), commence une tourn\u00e9e canadienne qui l\u2019emm\u00e8nera d\u2019Ottawa \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec en passant par Montr\u00e9al.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Candidat aux \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles tunisiennes du 24 octobre 2004, Me. Chebbi se rend au Canada, d\u00e9but septembre, pour prononcer deux conf\u00e9rences publiques. Il s\u2019entretiendra \u00e9galement avec des leaders d\u2019opinion canadiens et qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois. Avec des leaders politiques lib\u00e9raux, bloquistes, n\u00e9o-d\u00e9mocrates et p\u00e9quistes et avec les chefs des grands syndicats qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois, Me Chebbi discutera des droits et libert\u00e9s en Tunisie.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Militant de longue date, Me Chebbi fait partie de ces d\u00e9mocrates qui se battent au quotidien contre l\u2019arbitraire des pouvoirs autoritaires dans le monde arabe. Ses conf\u00e9rences porteront sur l\u2019actualit\u00e9 des libert\u00e9s en Tunisie dans un contexte de\u00a0 blocage politique et d\u2019\u00e9touffement de toutes les voix discordantes. Il mettra en avant les priorit\u00e9s du mouvement d\u00e9mocratique tunisien\u00a0: l\u2019alternance au pouvoir, l\u2019amnistie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour les prisonniers d\u2019opinion et la libert\u00e9 d\u2019_expression.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Interdit de pr\u00e9senter son candidat aux \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles par une loi faite \u00ab\u00a0sur mesure\u00a0\u00bb, le PDP pr\u00e9sentera des candidats aux \u00e9ch\u00e9ances l\u00e9gislatives (qui se d\u00e9rouleront le m\u00eame jour les pr\u00e9sidentielles) dans les 26 circonscriptions que compte la Tunisie. Pr\u00f4nant une d\u00e9marche de \u00ab\u00a0participation contestataire\u00a0\u00bb, Me Chebbi ne se fait aucune illusion sur les r\u00e9sultats de ces \u00e9lections. Selon lui\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0le pouvoir [tunisien] a vid\u00e9 cette double \u00e9ch\u00e9ance de son contenu \u00e9lectoral. Il a ouvert, par les r\u00e9formes constitutionnelles, la voie \u00e0 une nouvelle pr\u00e9sidence \u00e0 vie [et \u00e0] la reproduction d’un syst\u00e8me de parti unique, vieux de 50 ans dans notre pays\u00a0\u00bb.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Le Programme des conf\u00e9rences publiques de Me Ahmed N\u00e9jib Chebbi\u00a0:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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\u00c0 Qu\u00e9bec\u00a0:<\/span><\/b> le jeudi 9 septembre 2004, de 19 Heures \u00e0 21 Heures, Universit\u00e9 Laval, <\/span> Pavillon Louis-Jacques-Casault, salle 0170. Conf\u00e9rence pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par Mme Lise Garon, professeure en communication publique \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval (Qu\u00e9bec) et sp\u00e9cialiste du Maghreb.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00c0 Montr\u00e9al\u00a0:<\/span><\/b> le vendredi 10 septembre, de 19 Heures \u00e0 21 Heures, Centre Saint-Pierre, 1212 Panet (M\u00e9tro Beaudry, en face de Radio-Canada), salle 304. Conf\u00e9rence pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par le Juge \u00e0 la retraite, M. Gaston Labr\u00e8che.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Veuillez noter que chacune des conf\u00e9rences de Me Chebbi sera pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e d\u2019un bref portrait de la situation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des droits humains en Tunisie fait par la coordonatrice-Tunisie de la section canadienne-francophone d\u2019Amnistie internationale<\/i>, Mme Val\u00e9rie Guilloteau.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Me Nejib Chebbi sera disponible pour les entrevues d\u00e8s le 4 septembre 2004; date de son arriv\u00e9e au Canada.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Pour tout contact avec les m\u00e9dias\u00a0:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
– \u00c0 Ottawa, Jamel Jani, Tel\u00a0: (613) 249-8240, Courriel\u00a0: jameljani@hotmail.com<\/font><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
– \u00c0 Qu\u00e9bec, Ta\u00efeb Moalla, Tel\u00a0: (418) 686-1656, Courriel\u00a0: tmoalla@yahoo.com<\/font><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Tunisia: <\/font><\/p>\nClampdown on the internet continues<\/font><\/h3>\n
<\/strong> <\/font> Brings new meaning to the phrase \u2018web search’<\/strong> \u00a0<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n An appeal court has upheld what local and international observers say are \u2018unjustified sentences’ handed down to young web users, picked up in a raid on a web caf\u00e9 in the Tunisian city of Zarzis as they browsed Islamist websites . For them the case is just more evidence of the country’s intransigence on the issue of free _expression and the internet \u2013 and calls into question the UN’s plans to host a global summit on information technology in Tunis in late 2005. Tunisia has given a dismissive reply to the international free _expression community’s concern for the fate of a group of young internet users, sentenced for supposed terror offences in the southern city of Zarzis . Despite the close scrutiny of free _expression groups including Index on Censorship, an appeals court upheld draconian sentences handed down to a group of young web users in Zarzis, jailed for \u00ab\u00a0delinquency, theft and obtaining material to make bombs\u00a0\u00bb as a result of consulting so-called \u00ab\u00a0terrorist\u00a0\u00bb websites. Their lawyer says they have been tortured. The Tunisian authorities are already under fire from free speech groups at home and abroad for their strict regulation of internet users as they supposedly prepares to host a global conference on the information society in Tunis in 2005. Internet use, though highly advanced by regional standards, is strictly regulated, monitored and censored in Tunisia . Access to Tunisian news websites, those of NGOs and foreign media relaying criticism of state repression, is routinely blocked. Web cafes are closely watched by the security services, details of visitors’ Internet activity recorded and suspects identified and targeted. One such sweep resulted in the arrest and subsequent jailing in April of the Zarzis seven as they browsed political websites at a web caf\u00e9 in their home town. Hamza Mahruk, Amor Faruk Chlendi, Amor Rached, and Abdel-Ghaffar Guiza, all 21, Aymen Mecharek, 22, who has dual German-Tunisian citizenship and Ridha Hadj Brahim, 38, had their sentences reduced from 19 years and three months to 13 years on appeal on 7 July. Juvenile Abderrazak Bourguiba, 18, had his 25 month sentence cut by one month in a separate hearing. Two other sentences of 26 years each applied in absentia were upheld without change in the case of Ayub Sfaxi, 21, a French resident, and Tahar Guemir, 20, who has dual Swedish-Tunisian nationality and lives in Sweden. The appeal hearings were monitored by a number of Tunisian and international observers, including Index on Censorship. Tunisian authorities said the men confessed to planning the attacks and were given a fair trial. Defence lawyers said the young men were tortured to extract false confessions. The youngest, Bourguiba, is reportedly suffering from a burst eardrum and facial paralysis as a result of his mistreatment. But the defence team, which spent more than nine hours making its case, said the court still failed to produce evidence that the men had either the materials or the intent to make the bombs they allegedly planned to make. \u201dNo evidence was offered at the trial either of the young men’s membership of an Islamist network nor of any intention to organise terrorist attacks,\u201d said the media rights group Reporters sans Fronti\u00e8res after the appeal. \u201cMecharek, for example, was accused of attempting to bring back a bazooka to Tunisia , but without any proof of this fantasist allegation.\u201d The effective failure of the appeal \u2013 though the defendants are to appeal again \u2013 has reinforced calls for the United Nations to think again about its choice of Tunis as the location for the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) scheduled for Tunis in November 2005. Leading international freedom of _expression groups, concerned about Tunisia ‘s record on human rights and freedom of _expression, have written to UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, setting out a series of benchmarks and guarantees they expect from the Tunisian government in order for it to keep WSIS in Tunis . The joint request, drafted at the annual gathering of the International Freedom of _Expression Exchange (IFEX) in Azerbaijan in June, urged the United Nations to move WSIS to another state unless Tunisia \u201cmakes substantial progress on respect for human rights and freedom of _expression\u201d. The list of minimum benchmarks covered: \u201c1. The recognition of and respect for the unfettered right of human rights and other civil society groups including freedom of _expression organisations to operate freely in Tunisia . \u00ab\u00a02. The dropping of charges against and the release of individuals jailed for exercising their right to freedom of _expression consistently with international human rights law. \u00ab\u00a03. Reform of the media and communications environment including the right to establish independent media outlets and uncensored access to the Internet. \u00ab\u00a04. That all local and international human rights and other civil society organisations are free to participate in the Summit and to publish, broadcast or otherwise distribute and to receive material at and from the conference site without threat or practice of any form of censorship. \u00ab\u00a05. That local and international media will be able to report freely and without interference from the Summit including directly from the conference site.\u201d Tunisia has failed to meet the first three. It used sophisticated filtering techniques to block homegrown sites like the banned online publication Kalima, which has had to resort to the \u2018samizdat’ techniques of the old Soviet Union – photocopying their magazines and sharing them secretly with its readers. Zouhair Yahyaoui, the founder of satirical website, www.tunezine.com<\/font>, which gave a space for opposition groups and politicians to air their views, was jailed for two years in 2003. The last two benchmarks, relating to the planned Summit itself, look unlikely to be met. Tunisia deployed teams of state supporters to sabotage or sideline critics of its policies at the opening WSIS gathering in Geneva in December 2003. Arab leaders actually met in Tunis to issue a five-page Declaration that theoretically commits them to basic rights like freedom of speech and the fostering of a civil society. Tunisian president, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, told the assembled leaders that the measures they had adopted would \u00ab\u00a0help our peoples make further strides on the path of reform and change\u00a0\u00bb. But Tunisian rights groups such as the country’s National Council for Civil Liberties (CNLT) maintain that that state has not relaxed its grip on free _expression through its control of the courts \u2013 as illustrated by the Zarzis case. CNLT spokesperson Sihem Bensedrine noted the comments of Tunisian minister Sadock Rabah, as he opened a preparatory commission meeting for the WSIS in Tunis on the day the Zarzis seven’s appeal was due to be heard. That hearing was postponed to 7 July as free _expression groups, in Tunis to cover the WSIS meeting, turned up to monitor the appeal instead. That prompted Rabah to pledge \u201czero tolerance\u201d to those the state judged to be using information technology for terrorist operations. Bensedrine said the CNLT strongly condemned the executive’s interference in the judicial process and called for the restoration of the courts’ primacy. \u201cThe authorities’ use of subterfuge to prevent the appeal from being conducted in front of international observers, illustrated its objective to hide its serious violations of human rights and its wish to maintain its impunity in such matters.\u201d The result was that the law had become a \u00ab\u00a0pre-emptive tool\u00a0\u00bb. People were being illegally detained and then held in secret and mistreated. The state, warned the CNLT, was attempting to turn the courts into its weapon of choice in its war against terror, real or imagined, in the hope that the Tunis government might impress the United States with its committment. \u00a0 (Source: le site Index on Censorship , le 7 Juillet 2004 ) lien web: http:\/\/www.indexonline.org\/news\/20040707_tunisia.shtml<\/a><\/font><\/div>\n
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2- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u00a0 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/span>. \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621\u00a0 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u00a0\u0623\u0642\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
3- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span>. \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u00a0\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 . \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645\u00a0 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 ….. \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0627.. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627 . \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u00a0\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 : \u00a0\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 . <\/span><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
4- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
5- \u00a0\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u060c <\/font><\/span> \u00a0<\/font><\/span>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u00a0. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0651 \u00a0\u0641\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u00a0\u0642\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
6- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649\u00a0 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u00a0\u00bb\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u00a0\u00bb \u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0651\u062a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
7- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 <\/span>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 .<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
8- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629<\/span> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u00a0\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u00a0\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 29 \u0623\u0648\u062a 2004<\/font><\/div>\n
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Exportation de know how : une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne s’impose \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle internationale<\/strong><\/font><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
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Fourniture et mise en place d’un syst\u00e8me interbancaire de t\u00e9l\u00e9compensation au profit de la Banque des Etats d’Afrique centrale<\/strong><\/font><\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne BFI, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la production de logiciels dans le domaine des banques et finances, a remport\u00e9 un appel d’offres international lanc\u00e9 par la Banque centrale de six Etats de l’Afrique centrale (BEAC : Cameroun, Gabon, Centrafrique, Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale, Togo, Tchad) pour la fourniture et la mise en place d’un syst\u00e8me interbancaire de t\u00e9l\u00e9compensation des moyens de paiement de la BEAC.<\/font><\/p>\n
Il s’agit d’une solution con\u00e7ue, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e et mise en application par des comp\u00e9tences tunisiennes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es dans ce domaine. Cette solution, qui tient compte des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s des pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement, de leurs besoins et ambitions, comprend la fourniture et l’installation d’un syst\u00e8me permettant le paiement des ch\u00e8ques en 48 heures.<\/font><\/p>\n
Elle consiste \u00e9galement en la d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des moyens de paiement, la s\u00e9curisation des donn\u00e9es et des \u00e9changes et la mise en place d’un syst\u00e8me d’archivage s\u00e9curis\u00e9 et de consultation \u00e0 travers le web. La premi\u00e8re phase de ce projet, financ\u00e9 par la Banque mondiale avec un co\u00fbt de 4 millions d’euros (6 millions de dinars), d\u00e9marrera au mois de novembre 2004. La 2e phase du projet consiste en la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation du syst\u00e8me de t\u00e9l\u00e9compensation \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 60 banques de la r\u00e9gion de l’Afrique centrale.<\/font><\/p>\n
Selon les responsables de la BFI qui tenaient, hier, \u00e0 Tunis, une conf\u00e9rence de presse pour pr\u00e9senter le projet, le choix d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne pour la r\u00e9alisation de ce grand projet t\u00e9moigne, encore une fois, de la performance des comp\u00e9tences tunisiennes dans le domaine de production des logiciels.<\/font><\/p>\n
Pour M. Habib Ben Hariz, p.-d.g. de la BFI, ce projet permettra \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 non seulement de conqu\u00e9rir d’autres march\u00e9s mondiaux mais aussi d’exporter le mod\u00e8le tunisien en mati\u00e8re de modernisation du secteur bancaire sur les pays de l’Afrique, les pays arabes et m\u00eame les pays europ\u00e9ens.<\/font><\/p>\n
La BFI, soci\u00e9t\u00e9 certifi\u00e9e ISO 9000, est pr\u00e9sente dans 22 pays dans le monde et compte plus de 150 ing\u00e9nieurs et consultants.<\/font><\/p>\n
(Source: La Presse du 27 ao\u00fbt 2004)<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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GIF-Filtres en bourse en septembre<\/font><\/h4>\n
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Par Khaled BOUMIZA<\/a><\/font><\/p>\n
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La rentr\u00e9e 2004, semble se dessiner sous de meilleurs auspices. Un des interm\u00e9diaires de la place (MAC SA<\/font>, selon nos sources) pr\u00e9pare actuellement et d\u2019une mani\u00e8re active, l\u2019entr\u00e9e sur la cote d\u2019un des plus importants industriels de la place. GIF, ou la G\u00e9n\u00e9rale Industrielle de Filtration, fabricant de filtres automobiles, mettrait 30% de son capital en bourse. L\u2019information est d\u2019importance dans la mesure o\u00f9 elle insufflera un nouvel air dans les poumons d\u2019une bourse qui se plaint de manquer de profondeur. Elle pourrait confirmer, par ailleurs, l\u2019existence d\u2019un int\u00e9r\u00eat r\u00e9el, aupr\u00e8s des hommes d\u2019affaires, pour la bourse de Tunis.\u00a0 Pour ce qui est de l\u2019entreprise, ce n\u2019est pas son site Internet (www.gif-filter.com.tn<\/font>) qui nous en a appris le plus. C\u2019est en effet dans le salon virtuel de l\u2019API (o\u00f9 aucune indication sur les dates de mise \u00e0 jour des chiffres pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s, n\u2019est donn\u00e9e) et dans l\u2019\u00e9dition \u00ab Entreprise 21 \u00bb de \u00ab Ph\u00e9nix Consulting \u00bb, que nous apprenons que cette entreprise a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1982 par l\u2019entrepreneur Hmida Jerbi, avec la participation financi\u00e8re et technique de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise \u00abPr\u00e9cision M\u00e9canique Labinal\u00bb propri\u00e9taire du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 Chevron. Le capital est pass\u00e9 de 250 mille DT \u00e0 5,5 MDT actuellement. L\u2019entreprise compte un effectif de 230 employ\u00e9s et fabrique une gamme compl\u00e8te de 902 r\u00e9f\u00e9rences en filtres \u00e0 air, \u00e0 huile, pour carburants, pour voitures l\u00e9g\u00e8res, pour poids lourds et avec une capacit\u00e9 de production de 5 millions de filtres. L\u2019entreprise situ\u00e9e dans la zone industrielle de Grombalia au gouvernorat de Nabeul, r\u00e9alise un chiffre d\u2019affaires de 8,7 MDT en 2001 (contre 8 et 8,5 MDT successivement en 1999 et 2000) dont 1,9 MDT \u00e0 l\u2019export. Elle compte parmi ses partenaires les entreprises JCD et AVA France, Maghreb accessoires et Maghr\u00e9bine de filtrations du Maroc, FMI d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie et Tecksyn en Argentine, autant de pays qui constituent aussi ses march\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019export. L\u2019entreprise a aussi cr\u00e9\u00e9 deux filiales : Gif Distribution sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le commerce en d\u00e9tail des pi\u00e8ces d\u00e9tach\u00e9es et accessoires automobiles, le commerce des appareils de r\u00e9ception SAT et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 SEAA Centrax sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la fabrication de pompes \u00e0 eau, jantes, r\u00e9servoirs \u00e0 carburant et paraboles en aluminium. Gif a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res entreprises adh\u00e9rant au programme de mise \u00e0 niveau, depuis 1997, elle r\u00e9alise un premier plan avec un investissement de 2,5 MDT. Un vaste programme de mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019assurance qualit\u00e9 a ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 couronn\u00e9 par l\u2019obtention, en 1998, de la norme ISO 9002. On notera aussi, que la Tunisie est le 10\u00e8me fournisseurs de l\u2019industrie automobile Europ\u00e9enne, en filtres et courroies. 36% des exportations vers le march\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ais en plus des march\u00e9s, Italien, Allemand, Maghr\u00e9bin et Africain qui totalisent 40% de cette industrie en expansion. La Tunisie compte aussi une trentaine d\u2019entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res. (Source: www.webmanagercenter.com, le 26 ao\u00fbt 2004 \u00e0 07h00)<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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Harc\u00e8lement sexuel: LOI et FOI<\/b><\/font><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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Nasreddine Ben Hadid<\/b><\/font> La loi vient juste d\u2019\u00eatre promulgu\u00e9e par la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s, elle consid\u00e8re le harc\u00e8lement sexuel [sous toutes ses formes] un crime punissable et un acte allant \u00e0 l\u2019encontre du respect de la dignit\u00e9 humaine. Nul \u00eatre humain [m\u00e9ritent ce qualificatif] ne peut pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 minimiser l\u2019acte ou ses r\u00e9percussions aussi physiques que morales. <\/p>\n
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Cette loi suffit-elle \u00e0 lever \u00ab\u00a0la loi du silence\u00a0\u00bb ? Arrive-t-elle \u00e0 stopper \u00ab\u00a0les mains baladeuses\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019un patron ou \u00ab\u00a0les yeux p\u00e9n\u00e9trantes\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019un sup\u00e9rieur ? Un acte sexuel doit \u00eatre accompli entre individus adultes et consentants. Cette condition est n\u00e9cessaire et primordiale. Elle peut \u00eatre non suffisantes selon les lois, les coutumes ou les religions. <\/font><\/p>\n
La civilisation lib\u00e9rale pr\u00e9dominante accorde une place de choix au droit de chacun au respect le plus absolu de son int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et morale. Cette civilisation compte sur \u00ab\u00a0une consommation fr\u00e9n\u00e9tique et continu\u00a0\u00bb afin d\u2019entretenir toute sa machine \u00e9conomique . Consommer est un droit\u2026 Consommer est un devoir. <\/font><\/p>\n
Certes, la consommation est r\u00e9glement\u00e9e, la loi et la morale bannissent [avec quelques fulgurantes contradictions] des genres de consommations hors normes. Les philosophes et les sociologues s\u2019accordent pour constater une contradiction flagrante entre le respect de l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et morale et la logique de consommation ambiante. <\/font><\/p>\n
La t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, le cin\u00e9ma, la publicit\u00e9 ainsi que tous les autres moyens de communications font usage de la dimension sexuelle de la femme dans le but de v\u00e9hiculer leurs messages. Ces pratiques peuvent osciller entre un \u00ab\u00a0soft\u00a0\u00bb o\u00f9 la femme avance une sensualit\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0l\u00e9g\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb et joue \u00e0 exciter l\u2019imagination de l\u2019homme et un \u00ab\u00a0hard\u00a0\u00bb fort et poignant qui compte sur l\u2019effet de \u00ab\u00a0choc\u00a0\u00bb afin d\u2019assurer au message la diffusion la plus large et l\u2019impact le plus rentable. <\/font><\/p>\n
Cette logique est omnipr\u00e9sente, elle conditionne notre savoir et participe \u00e0 la mod\u00e9lisation de notre morale. La \u00ab\u00a0femme-objet\u00a0\u00bb est un fait quasi-acceptable pour ne pas dire banale. Ce dangereux amalgame entre une dimension esth\u00e9tique de la femme, exploit\u00e9e par toutes les civilisations et celle sexuelle met la morale actuelle devant dilemme qui remet l\u2019essence m\u00eame et les fondements de cette civilisation en question : <\/font><\/p>\n
Les droits de l\u2019Homme sont-ils indivisibles et indissociables les uns des autres ou quantifiables selon les vouloirs de l\u2019un et les int\u00e9r\u00eats d\u2019un autre ? Des voix de plus en plus nombreuses se sont lev\u00e9es en Occident et ailleurs dans le monde pour poser cette question et dire que la banalisation de la notion de la \u00ab\u00a0femme-objet\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9nude la femme non seulement de sa dimension humaine mais aussi fait qu\u2019elle soit assimil\u00e9e \u00e0 un \u00ab\u00a0simple bien consommable\u00a0\u00bb. Un harceleur commet son acte parce qu\u2019il consid\u00e8re que la \u00ab\u00a0femme-humaine\u00a0\u00bb est une \u00ab\u00a0continuit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb de la \u00ab\u00a0femme-objet\u00a0\u00bb, cette derni\u00e8re doit imp\u00e9rativement r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 son d\u00e9sir et de suite satisfaire tous ses \u00ab\u00a0fantasmes\u00a0\u00bb. <\/font><\/p>\n
La femme [c ommune] int\u00e9riorise cette belle et fantastique image et cherche inlassablement \u00e0 la \u00ab\u00a0singer\u00a0\u00bb, elle la consid\u00e8re comme un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 suivre et un rep\u00e8re pour une vie meilleure. La femme [par nature] essaie de la sorte d\u2019attirer l\u2019homme vers sa personne. Ce dernier fera une \u00ab\u00a0lecture\u00a0\u00bbde l\u2019apparence de la femme selon les normes projet\u00e9es par les outils de la communication.<\/font><\/p>\n
Le harc\u00e8lement n\u2019est nullement un acte physique, il est surtout une mani\u00e8re de voir la femme et une conception de la nature humaine. L\u2019app\u00e9tit du gain et une vision \u00ab\u00a0individualiste\u00a0\u00bb du plaisir, conjugu\u00e9e \u00e0 une logique de consommation qui cherche inlassablement \u00e0 \u00e9tendre son espace sont arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 remodeler les notions de droit et de libert\u00e9. La prostitution est d\u00e9sormais un \u00ab\u00a0acte de droit\u00a0\u00bb et la pornographie est actuellement synonyme de \u00ab\u00a0libert\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. <\/font><\/p>\n
Les lois sont toujours n\u00e9cessaires mais aussi restent toujours insuffisantes. L\u2019\u00eatre humain doit \u00eatre impr\u00e9gn\u00e9 d\u2019une foi ferme et absolue en un droit sacr\u00e9 et total de chacun et de tous \u00e0 respect total et inconditionnel, sans distinction et sans restriction. Ainsi l\u2019homme regardera la femme avec respect et n\u2019osera plus pi\u00e9tiner son espace vital et la femme cessera \u2013 elle aussi \u2013 de mimer cette image de la \u00ab\u00a0femme-objet\u00a0\u00bb v\u00e9hicul\u00e9e par des m\u00e9dias en mal d\u2019audience. Diaboliser l’homme et mettre la femme sur le banc des victimes, constitue une mani\u00e8re d’aplatir la question et r\u00e9duire l’\u00e9quation \u00e0 un loup affam\u00e9 et une brebis qui risque de passer \u00e0 l’abattoir. <\/font><\/p>\n
Il faut avoir le courage de le dire, la femme assume [quelques fois] une part de responsabilit\u00e9. Ceci ne r\u00e9duit en rien la responsabilit\u00e9 [ou le crime] de l’homme, seulement il faut donner \u00e0 C\u00e9sar ce qui \u00e0 C\u00e9sar et \u00e0 Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre ce qui \u00e0 Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre. Source: l’hebdomadaire \u00ab\u00a0El wehda\u00a0\u00bb N\u00b0422 du 27 ao\u00fbt 2004<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
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Ai-je le droit d\u2019\u00eatre anti-islamiste\u00a0?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Balha Boujadi<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Mlle Nour El Houda m\u2019a cit\u00e9 dans son article <\/span>(Voir Tunisnews, n\u00ba1561 du 28 ao\u00fbt 2004)<\/font><\/span><\/i> comme \u00e9tant un exemple de la m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9 politique car je suis, simplement anti-islamiste, ou du moins ce que j\u2019ai compris d\u2019un texte plein des rh\u00e9toriques et des loquacit\u00e9s dignes d\u2019un prix Nobel de Litt\u00e9rature. Elle s\u2019est acharn\u00e9e contre un lecteur tunisien \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9senchant\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb qui s\u2019est exprim\u00e9 sur Tunisnews du 27 ao\u00fbt \u00e0 propos des \u00e9lections d\u2019octobre prochain, et elle l\u2019a qualifi\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant un comparse de Balha Boujadi.<\/span><\/p>\n
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La tendance id\u00e9ologique de cette demoiselle\u00a0 n\u2019est pas difficile \u00e0 imaginer, car pour elle, tous les opposants d\u00e9mocratiques tunisiens sont des chalabistes, des sionistes, des islamophopes, des arabophobes, des n\u00e9o-cons <\/span> (tiens, celle-l\u00e0 je ne la connais pas)<\/font><\/span><\/i>, des m\u00e9diocrates, des gorges profondes <\/span> (tiens, notre ch\u00e8re demoiselle en sait des choses sur les classiques porno)<\/font><\/span><\/i>, des pourris\u2026 et d\u2019autres adjectifs tr\u00e8s \u00ab\u00a0cultes\u00a0\u00bb qui d\u00e9montrent \u00e0 quel point cette demoiselle <\/span> (s\u00fbrement voil\u00e9e, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur comme \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de sa petite t\u00eate et qui passe sa journ\u00e9e \u00e0 prier et \u00e0 compter les boulets du rosaire)<\/font><\/span><\/i> est capable de d\u00e9verser d’injures et d’insultes contre des gens qui n\u2019ont pas les m\u00eames id\u00e9es qu\u2019elle. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Je suis anti-islamiste, comme quelqu\u2019un d\u2019autre qui peut \u00eatre anti-globalisation ou anti-tabac. Est-ce que c\u2019est un crime\u00a0? Ou bien s\u2019agit-il d\u2019une nouvelle d\u00e9finition de la citoyennet\u00e9 tunisienne, \u00e0 savoir \u00eatre un pro-islamiste dogmatique comme Mlle Nour El Houda et ses comp\u00e8res\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00c7a me fait de la peine, de voir ces exalt\u00e9s fanatiques qui se disent d\u00e9mocrates <\/span> (islamiste d\u00e9mocrate, \u00e7a rime \u00e0 une blague pour le nouveau concours de Tunezine)<\/font><\/span><\/i>, et se plaisent \u00e0 dire et redire qu\u2019ils sont la seule et unique opposition r\u00e9elle contre le r\u00e9gime de Ben Ali n\u2019ont donn\u00e9 aucun programme ni projet politique et civile sauf l\u2019application de la Charia et le port de voile, et ce depuis plus de trente ans d\u2019existence. Tout le reste est pure litt\u00e9rature et d\u00e9magogie. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
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Cette demoiselle qui a la bouche pleine des mots comme \u00ab\u00a0citoyens\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0peuple\u00a0\u00bb je l\u2019invite \u00e0 ouvrir le dictionnaire des terminologies et elle va trouver que chez nous, les arabes et les tunisiens il n\u2019y a pas des traces pour les citoyens <\/span> (l\u2019\u00e9crivain tunisien Hassan Ben Othman l\u2019a dit sur un plateau de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision satellitaire\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0de quels citoyens arabes parlez-vous\u00a0?\u00a0 Il vaut mieux dire des animaux qui parlent l\u2019arabe\u00a0\u00bb)<\/font><\/span><\/i> et de quel peuple parlez-vous\u00a0? De ces dizaines de milliers d\u2019individus qui viennent comme un troupeau d\u2019agneaux et qu\u2019on place derri\u00e8re les barreaux depuis le matin jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du dictateur entour\u00e9 par ses ninjas\u00a0 et ils commencent \u00e0 hurler comme des sioux au passage du manitou\u00a0? Vous parlez de ces dizaines de milliers d\u2019\u00e9lecteurs qui font la queue pour \u00ab\u00a0choisir\u00a0\u00bb un pr\u00e9sident candidat unique et attendent le soir pour applaudir le score de 99,99 %\u00a0? De quel peuple parlez-vous, mademoiselle\u00a0? De ces femmes qui disent qu\u2019elles ont retrouv\u00e9 leur \u00ab\u00a0libert\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb perdue depuis qu\u2019elles portent le voile et qu\u2019elles ne voient pas d\u2019inconv\u00e9nient de partager leur mari avec une autre femme\u00a0?\u00a0 Vous parlez peut \u00eatre de ces barbus portant le kamis et fumant la chicha et r\u00eavant d\u2019un monde paradisiaque au ciel insultant, comme vous, chaque id\u00e9e qui bouge dans le sens\u00a0contraire ? Vous parlez de ces milliers des jeunes qui essayent de traverser la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e sur une planche pour chercher du travail, certainement, mais surtout pour revenir derri\u00e8re le volant d\u2019une Mercedes acquise par l\u2019argent de la drogue et tyranniser les pauvres qui \u00e9taient comme lui\u00a0? Vous parlez de ces dizaines des milliers des instituteurs et des professeurs qui sucent le sang des pauvres gens comme des vampires au nom des le\u00e7ons \u00ab\u00a0compl\u00e9mentaires\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0? Vous parlez de ces dizaines de milliers de policiers corrompus et prox\u00e9n\u00e8tes, des chefs des quartier, des indics, des gardes nationaux pourris, des douaniers trafiquants, des juges sous les ordres, des opposants qui <\/span> (comme le MDS)<\/font><\/span><\/i> choisissent leurs candidats pour les pr\u00e9sidentielles en la personne du dictateur lui-m\u00eame, qui sont pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s s\u2019opposer \u00e0 lui\u00a0?\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
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De quel peuple parlez-vous, mademoiselle\u00a0? Vous n\u2019avez que lire les journaux \u00a0et voire le nombre des annonces des voyants et voyantes, un m\u00e9tier florissant\u00a0 dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 hant\u00e9e par les esprits m\u00e9taphysiques d\u00fb \u00e0 une culture abstraite foment\u00e9e par l\u2019islamisme qui ne fait qu\u2019intoxiquer les consciences des pauvres gens. <\/span> <\/p>\n
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De quels citoyens et de quel peuple parlons-nous\u00a0?\u00a0 Nous avons un grand travail pour faire comprendre aux gens qu\u2019ils ne sont que des sujets\u00a0 assujettis et que le peuple n\u2019est, en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, qu\u2019une masse ob\u00e9issante sans volont\u00e9 ni conscience. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Je ne suis pas un citoyen car je n\u2019ai aucun droit sauf des devoirs, et je ne fait\u00a0 pas partie d\u2019un peuple, mais d\u2019une masse silencieuse qui broute l\u2019herbe et qui empeste d\u2019infection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, mais je suis capable de penser et crier haut que la plupart des malheurs de cette masse est due \u00e0 la mouvance islamiste qui a abruti les esprits et qui a d\u00e9vi\u00e9 les priorit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement vers des mondes \u00a0m\u00e9taphysiques pleins d\u2019anges et des dryades. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Et pourtant j\u2019aime ce pays et je suis s\u00fbr qu\u2019il va gu\u00e9rir de cette gangr\u00e8ne islamiste car celle-ci ne fait que des erreurs et encore des erreurs et que le monde entier va d\u00e9mystifier ses discours et ses charlataneries.<\/span><\/p>\n
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BALHA BOUJADI, <\/span><\/b>le 29\/8\/2004 <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n
boujadi@hispavista.com<\/font><\/a> <\/font><\/span> <\/i><\/p>\n
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T\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable du journaliste, Taoufik Ben Khedher, qui vit dans la clandestinit\u00e9 depuis quelques jours : (00216) 98670881<\/b><\/font><\/div>\n
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L\u2019Association des Journalistes Tunisiens sombre dans la d\u00e9linquance<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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L\u2019Association des Journalistes Tunisiens (AJT) n\u2019arr\u00eate pas de nous abasourdir par son mutisme face aux vexations et menaces innombrables subies par les journalistes ind\u00e9pendants tunisiens, derni\u00e8re sortie en date de cette bande de collabos aux ordres de la dictature, la r\u00e9plique assassine de son Charg\u00e9 du r\u00e8glement int\u00e9rieur, Soufiane Ben Hmida, \u00e0 Taoufik Ben Khedher du journal \u00ab\u00a0Akhbar Al Joumhouria\u00a0\u00bb (Les \u00c9chos de la R\u00e9publique), un journaliste confirm\u00e9 cette fois-ci, venu demander la protection et l\u2019intervention de l\u2019AJT face aux innombrables agressions et intimidations endur\u00e9es depuis le 7 ao\u00fbt 2004, jour o\u00f9 il a eu une altercation lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence de presse avec les sous-fifres des beaux-fr\u00e8res entremetteurs du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique tunisienne Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Ce f\u00e9lon de Soufiane Ben Hmida, qui s\u2019imagine journaliste et pire encore syndicaliste, n\u2019a rien trouv\u00e9 de mieux pour r\u00e9pondre aux d ol\u00e9ances du journaliste plaignant, qui est menac\u00e9 de mort, harcel\u00e9, insult\u00e9 devant une pl\u00e9iade d\u2019artistes arabes et qui a eu sa maison saccag\u00e9e, que de gerber ces mots : \u00abMonsieur, vous ne faites pas partie de la famille journalistique et sur ce nous ne pouvons rien faire pour vous aider\u00bb. Ces pratiques mafieuses de l\u2019AJT n\u2019\u00e9meuvent plus personne ici \u00e0 Tunis et le journaliste Taoufik Ben Khedher qui a esp\u00e9r\u00e9 au minimum un soutien moral doit savoir que l\u2019AJT est totalement inf\u00e9od\u00e9e au pouvoir et qu\u2019elle est perdue \u00e0 jamais. Esp\u00e9rons que le nouveau n\u00e9, le Syndicat des Journalistes Tunisiens (SJT), puisse prendre en main cette affaire et assurer au moins un soutien \u00e0 cette ni\u00e8me souffre-douleur de l\u2019\u00e8re Ben Ali dans ces moments difficile qu\u2019il vit. Rappelons aussi que la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale des Journalistes (FIJ), la plus grande organisation mondiale de journalistes qui repr\u00e9sente plus de 500.000 journalistes dans plus de 100 pays, avait d\u00e9cid\u00e9, le 8 mars de rnier, de suspendre et d’exclure l\u2019Association des Journalistes Tunisiens (AJT) de la liste de ses membres et que ce dernier outrage \u00e0 la d\u00e9ontologie journalistique ne pourra que r\u00e9conforter la FIJ dans sa prise de d\u00e9cision et l\u2019amener \u00e0 radier d\u00e9finitivement cette intruse de son organisme.<\/font><\/p>\n
Zouhair Yahyaoui Ben Arous – Tunisie Dimanche 29 ao\u00fbt 2004<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
(Source: liste de diffusion \u00ab\u00a0Ettounsi\u00a0\u00bb, le\u00a029 ao\u00fbt 2004)<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
lien web: <\/font><\/strong> http:\/\/fr.groups.yahoo.com\/group\/ettounsi\/<\/font><\/a> <\/p>\n\n
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Bonjour \u00e0 l’\u00e9quipe de Tunisnews,<\/b><\/font><\/h4>\n Pri\u00e8re de ne pas me confondre<\/b> avec la personne qui a sign\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Un lecteur Assidu\u00a0\u00bb dans Tunsienws de ce vendredi 27 ao\u00fbt 2004. Lecteur Assidu <\/font>www.tunezine.com<\/a> 27-8-04<\/p>\n
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Campagne c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re 2003-2004 <\/font><\/em> <\/p>\n
Le Maroc a produit le double de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/font><\/h4>\n
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par T. Gacem<\/b><\/font> <\/p>\n
L<\/b><\/font>a campagne c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re de 2003-2004 s\u2019est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une production appr\u00e9ciable dans certains pays du Maghreb, du moins en Alg\u00e9rie et au Maroc, selon des statistiques rendues publiques par ces deux pays, la Tunisie n\u2019ayant pas encore publi\u00e9 de bilan. <\/p>\n
Le royaume a enregistr\u00e9 pour la campagne susmentionn\u00e9e une production de 83 millions de quintaux, soit une hausse de 6,9 % par rapport \u00e0 la r\u00e9colte pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. <\/p>\n
En Alg\u00e9rie, m\u00eame si la production c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme \u00abbonne\u00bb par le premier responsable du secteur agricole, elle n\u2019a cependant pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 40,01 millions de quintaux, selon les chiffres communiqu\u00e9s la semaine derni\u00e8re par le ministre de l\u2019Agriculture et publi\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019issue du dernier conseil du gouvernement. <\/p>\n
Si la production c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re au Maroc a atteint le double de celle de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, il faut toutefois relever que la superficie labour\u00e9e est de loin sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de notre pays et atteint presque le double, soit 5,4 millions d\u2019hectares contre 3 millions, dont 286 000 hectares ont subi des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts dus \u00e0 la chute de gr\u00eale et \u00e0 la rouille jaune. <\/p>\n
Il faudra \u00e9galement souligner que la production alg\u00e9rienne, depuis l\u2019av\u00e8nement du Plan national de d\u00e9veloppement agricole et rural, se stabilise \u00e0 une moyenne de 40 millions de quintaux et sera appel\u00e9e \u00e0 augmenter, \u00e0 en croire le ministre du secteur, M. Sa\u00efd Barkat. <\/p>\n
Il estime, \u00e0 ce sujet, que les r\u00e9sultats sont tr\u00e8s encourageants par rapport \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie o\u00f9 la moyenne \u00e9tait de seulement 18 millions de quintaux, dans un pays o\u00f9 la consommation est de quelque 60 millions de quintaux par an. <\/p>\n
Pour augmenter la production, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie est en train d\u2019appliquer un programme qui devra donner, \u00e0 terme, un rendement d\u2019au moins 20 quintaux par hectare. Il s\u2019agit, \u00e0 travers ce programme, d\u2019intensifier fortement les zones \u00e0 haut potentiel c\u00e9r\u00e9alier pour obtenir une plus grande production avec une m\u00eame superficie, d\u2019autant que les zones \u00e0 haut potentiel ne comptent que 1,2 million d\u2019hectares sur les 3 millions destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la c\u00e9r\u00e9aliculture. <\/p>\n
Pour en revenir \u00e0 la production c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re en Alg\u00e9rie, le conseil du gouvernement fait \u00e9tat d\u2019une r\u00e9colte de 18,161 millions de quintaux de bl\u00e9 dur, 7,86 millions de quintaux de bl\u00e9 tendre, 13,148 millions de quintaux d\u2019orge et 841 000 quintaux d\u2019avoine. <\/p>\n
Concernant la collecte arr\u00eat\u00e9e au 21 ao\u00fbt, le bilan transmis annonce 6 368 709 quintaux de bl\u00e9 dur, 2 922 373 quintaux de bl\u00e9 tendre et 1 898 922 quintaux d\u2019orge. L\u2019op\u00e9ration de collecte se poursuit encore. A noter que la production de cette ann\u00e9e permettra \u00e0 l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie de diminuer ses importations en c\u00e9r\u00e9ales qui engloutissaient jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,2 milliard de dollars par an, soit la moiti\u00e9 de la facture alimentaire. <\/p>\n
Concernant les prix \u00e0 la production, qui restent des prix r\u00e9glement\u00e9s et garantis par l\u2019Etat, les agriculteurs percevront 1 900 dinars par quintal de bl\u00e9 dur vendu aux CCLS et 1 700 dinars\/q pour le bl\u00e9 tendre. Quant \u00e0 l\u2019orge, son prix est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 1 400 dinars\/q. <\/p>\n
Aussi bien en Alg\u00e9rie qu\u2019au Maroc, les bonnes r\u00e9coltes sont dues \u00e0 l\u2019extension des superficies cultiv\u00e9es et aux bonnes conditions climatiques, notamment une bonne pluviom\u00e9trie, avec un plus pour notre pays qui \u00e9voque, pour cette campagne, \u00abun bon encadrement et une mobilisation des moyens financiers et mat\u00e9riels pour faciliter cette op\u00e9ration\u00bb. <\/p>\n
Quant aux criquets, il est \u00e0 signaler qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont occasionn\u00e9 aucun pr\u00e9judice aux champs de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales dans les deux pays. Pour l\u2019heure, la Tunisie n\u2019a pas encore publi\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats de la pr\u00e9sente r\u00e9colte. Mais les pr\u00e9visions tablaient sur 21 millions de quintaux, un chiffre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la r\u00e9colte record de 29 millions de quintaux enregistr\u00e9e en 2003, mais qui reste sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. <\/p>\n
La production c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re totale s\u2019est en effet \u00e9tablie \u00e0 seulement 5,13 millions de quintaux en 2002, comparativement \u00e0 une moyenne de 14 millions de quintaux pour les cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. 1,2 million d\u2019hectares de terres sont consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 la culture des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales en Tunisie. <\/p>\n
T. G.<\/p>\n
(Source: Le journal alg\u00e9rien \u00ab\u00a0Le Jeune Ind\u00e9pendant\u00a0\u00bb du 29 ao\u00fbt 2004)<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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L’homme qui a invent\u00e9 Bush<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Patrick Jarreau<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Dans l’ombre de George Bush p\u00e8re, puis du fils, Karl Rove, redoutable strat\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 l’artisan de plusieurs victoires \u00e9lectorales. A la Maison Blanche depuis 2001, il travaille sans rel\u00e2che \u00e0 celle du 2 novembre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Personne ne croit que George Bush ait pu arriver \u00e0 la Maison Blanche par ses propres moyens. C’est impossible. Il a fallu l’aider, le pousser, le tirer jusque-l\u00e0. Quelqu’un a d\u00fb inventer ce pr\u00e9sident improbable.<\/p>\n
Ce tireur de ficelles, ce montreur de marionnettes, tout le monde, \u00e0 Washington, conna\u00eet son nom : Karl Rove. <\/cursive>OAS_AD(‘Middle’); <\/cursive> <\/strong><\/p>\n
On lui pr\u00eate d’autant plus d’intelligence qu’on en d\u00e9nie \u00e0 celui dont il n’est, officiellement, que le conseiller. <\/p>\n
A trois jours de la r\u00e9union, \u00e0 New York, de la convention du Parti r\u00e9publicain, qui va d\u00e9signer officiellement le pr\u00e9sident sortant comme candidat \u00e0 un nouveau mandat, trois salles de la ville ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les premi\u00e8res des Etats-Unis \u00e0 programmer, vendredi 27 ao\u00fbt, un film intitul\u00e9 Bush’s Brain<\/i> (\u00ab\u00a0Le Cerveau de Bush\u00a0\u00bb), calqu\u00e9 sur celui d’un livre paru il y a un an. Les auteurs de cet ouvrage, James Moore et Wayne Slater, connaissent bien leur sujet. En particulier Slater, qui dirige le bureau du Dallas Morning News<\/i> \u00e0 Austin, capitale du Texas, l’Etat o\u00f9 tout a commenc\u00e9, \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1970, pour Rove et pour son poulain.<\/p>\n
La th\u00e8se de Bush’s Brain<\/i> est simple : Karl Rove est le \u00ab\u00a0copr\u00e9sident\u00a0\u00bb des Etats-Unis. Avec lui, la strat\u00e9gie \u00e9lectorale est aux commandes de la plus grande puissance de la plan\u00e8te. Politique commerciale, fiscalit\u00e9, politique sociale, environnement, \u00e9ducation, et, par-dessus tout, politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re et guerre sont dict\u00e9s par un imp\u00e9ratif qui domine tous les autres : gagner l’\u00e9lection suivante, c’est-\u00e0-dire remplir les coffres de la prochaine campagne, plaire aux fermiers de l’Iowa et aux sid\u00e9rurgistes de Pennsylvanie, attirer aux urnes les baptistes du Sud et les \u00e9migr\u00e9s cubains de Floride. \u00ab\u00a0Karl Rove a une influence sur la politique et l’action publique que les Am\u00e9ricains n’ont jamais connue auparavant et qu’ils ont du mal \u00e0 admettre\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>, \u00e9crivent Moore et Slater.<\/p>\n
L’int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ne nie pas cette influence, mais il n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en d\u00e9faut de respect pour son patron. Il est trop avis\u00e9 pour cela.<\/p>\n
Surtout, il admire sinc\u00e8rement l’homme qu’il a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir pr\u00e9sident des Etats-Unis et dont il veut faire, dans deux mois, un pr\u00e9sident r\u00e9\u00e9lu. A ses yeux, George Walker Bush est le seul politicien r\u00e9publicain qui puisse installer durablement son parti \u00e0 la Maison Blanche.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0Quand avez-vous commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 songer \u00e0 une campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle ?\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>, a-t-on demand\u00e9, un jour, \u00e0 Karl Rove. \u00ab\u00a0Le 25 d\u00e9cembre 1950\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>, a-t-il r\u00e9pondu. C’est la date de sa naissance, dans un milieu tr\u00e8s modeste de l’Ouest des Etats-Unis. Il est le fils d’un prospecteur de minerai et d’une femme qui se consacrait \u00e0 son foyer et \u00e0 ses cinq enfants. Le jour o\u00f9 Karl a eu 19 ans, son p\u00e8re a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de quitter d\u00e9finitivement la maison. Peu de temps apr\u00e8s, le jeune homme a appris que son fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9 et lui-m\u00eame n’\u00e9taient pas les enfants de cet homme. Il en a con\u00e7u beaucoup de reconnaissance pour le g\u00e9ologue, qui les avait \u00e9lev\u00e9s comme s’ils \u00e9taient ses fils. Sa m\u00e8re s’est suicid\u00e9e au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980.<\/p>\n
Ce qui frappe, chez Karl Rove, c’est la pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9 de son int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la politique et de son adh\u00e9sion au conservatisme. A l’\u00e2ge de 9 ans, quand John Kennedy s\u00e9duit beaucoup de jeunes Am\u00e9ricains, il est, lui, pour Richard Nixon, ce qui lui vaut une bagarre avec une voisine plus costaude qui l’envoie au tapis d’un coup de poing. La m\u00e9sentente de ses parents et leur absence de vie religieuse l’ont-elles inclin\u00e9 vers l’ordre ? En tout cas, s’il a choisi la droite, il n’a pas rencontr\u00e9 Dieu. A la diff\u00e9rence de George Bush, qui dit que \u00ab\u00a0J\u00e9sus Christ a chang\u00e9 son c\u0153ur\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>, le conseiller, pourtant attentif aux r\u00e9actions des \u00e9lecteurs protestants et catholiques, ne cache pas qu’il n’est pas croyant. \u00ab\u00a0Je ne suis pas s\u00fbr <\/i>-d’avoir- jamais trouv\u00e9 la foi\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il r\u00e9pondu, prudemment, \u00e0 une question du New York Times<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Au gr\u00e9 des p\u00e9r\u00e9grinations de son beau-p\u00e8re, le jeune Rove, n\u00e9 dans le Colorado et pouss\u00e9 en herbe dans le Nevada, a m\u00fbri \u00e0 Salt Lake City, la capitale de l’Utah et des mormons. Au lyc\u00e9e, c’est un parfait nerd<\/i>, un fayot, mais sans les bonnes notes et cela ne l’emp\u00eache pas d’\u00eatre \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident des \u00e9l\u00e8ves, la seule \u00e9lection qu’il ait jamais gagn\u00e9e pour lui-m\u00eame. En 1969, il entre \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 d’Etat de l’Utah. Des universit\u00e9s, il va en fr\u00e9quenter plusieurs, sans jamais d\u00e9crocher le moindre dipl\u00f4me. C’est qu’il est occup\u00e9 ailleurs. Il s’est engag\u00e9 chez les College Republicans<\/i>, l’organisation \u00e9tudiante du Parti r\u00e9publicain, et il en devient, d\u00e8s 1971, l’un des principaux \u00ab\u00a0permanents\u00a0\u00bb, avec le titre de directeur ex\u00e9cutif.<\/p>\n
Exp\u00e9di\u00e9 dans l’Illinois, en 1970, pour participer \u00e0 une campagne \u00e9lectorale, il s’est introduit dans les bureaux d’un candidat d\u00e9mocrate en se pr\u00e9sentant comme un supporter, et il a d\u00e9rob\u00e9 du papier \u00e0 en-t\u00eate. Il en a fait des invitations promettant \u00ab\u00a0de la bi\u00e8re gratuite\u00a0\u00bb<\/i> et \u00ab\u00a0des filles\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>, lors d’une r\u00e9ception organis\u00e9e quelques jours plus tard, et il les a distribu\u00e9es dans les quartiers borgnes de la ville. Marginaux et clochards ont envahi la party. Deux ans plus tard, lors d’une session de formation de militants dans le Kentucky, Rove s’est vant\u00e9 de cette mauvaise plaisanterie et a expliqu\u00e9 aux participants d’autres \u00ab\u00a0trucs\u00a0\u00bb du m\u00eame genre.<\/p>\n
En 1973, le directeur ex\u00e9cutif des College Republicans <\/i>se porte candidat \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence de l’organisation. Flanqu\u00e9 d’un autre spadassin, Lee Atwater, qui deviendra le conseiller de Ronald Reagan et de Bush p\u00e8re, il sillonne les routes du Sud, dans une vieille Ford, pour aller \u00e0 la p\u00eache aux voix, d’universit\u00e9 en universit\u00e9. Une convention, dans un h\u00f4tel de montagne du Missouri, doit d\u00e9partager Rove et son concurrent, Robert Edgeworth, situ\u00e9 nettement plus \u00e0 droite dans le parti.\u00a0<\/p>\n
La r\u00e9union ressemble trait pour trait aux congr\u00e8s que tient l’UNEF, \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque, en France : batailles de proc\u00e9dure, truandages sur les mandats, coups tordus en tous genres. Au bout du compte, Edgeworth et Rove sont proclam\u00e9s \u00e9lus par leurs partisans respectifs.<\/p>\n
Le diff\u00e9rend est port\u00e9 devant le pr\u00e9sident du Comit\u00e9 national r\u00e9publicain, qui n’est autre que George Herbert Walker Bush. Un alli\u00e9 d’Edgeworth d\u00e9cide alors de communiquer au Washington Post<\/i> un enregistrement des propos tenus par Rove, l’ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, devant les militants du Kentucky. En pleine affaire du Watergate, on imagine l’effet. Non seulement la Maison Blanche, sous Richard Nixon, a fait cambrioler les locaux de la campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle d\u00e9mocrate, mais, au m\u00eame moment, un permanent du Parti r\u00e9publicain expliquait aux jeunes comment espionner le parti adverse ! On s’attend \u00e0 ce que Rove soit \u00e9cart\u00e9 au profit d’Edgeworth, mais c’est le contraire qui se produit. Bush p\u00e8re donne la pr\u00e9sidence des College Republicans<\/i> \u00e0 Rove et chasse son rival du parti pour avoir d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 un camarade \u00e0 la presse.<\/p>\n
LE lien qui se noue, alors, entre Karl Rove et la famille Bush ne sera jamais rompu. Mari\u00e9 \u00e0 une h\u00e9riti\u00e8re texane, qui le quittera trois ans plus tard, Rove s’installe \u00e0 Houston et dirige le PAC (comit\u00e9 d’action politique) cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Bush p\u00e8re, en conformit\u00e9 avec la l\u00e9gislation post-Watergate, pour financer la candidature pr\u00e9sidentielle \u00e0 laquelle il se pr\u00e9pare pour 1980. Le jeune collaborateur de George H.W. Bush et de James Baker devient un expert de la carte \u00e9lectorale texane et un proph\u00e8te de la conqu\u00eate du Texas par les r\u00e9publicains. Il a compris que l’h\u00e9g\u00e9monie d\u00e9mocrate, h\u00e9ritage de la guerre de S\u00e9cession, prend fin, dans cet Etat, comme dans tout le Sud. Nombre d’\u00e9lecteurs votaient d\u00e9mocrate par attachement au particularisme du Sud, \u00e0 commencer par la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation raciale. Devenu le parti des droits civiques, le Parti d\u00e9mocrate perd, in\u00e9vitablement, une partie de sa base. En outre, la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 du Texas attire une population de cadres et d’en trepreneurs, qui votent r\u00e9publicain.<\/p>\n
Le m\u00e9tier de base de Karl Rove, c’est la propagande et la collecte de fonds par courrier. Par la suite, il a ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 cette comp\u00e9tence premi\u00e8re celles de sondeur, de strat\u00e8ge des m\u00e9dias, de planificateur de campagne. Mais son approche des \u00e9lecteurs consiste d’abord \u00e0 les identifier socialement, \u00e0 les distinguer les uns des autres et \u00e0 concevoir le discours auquel ils seront sensibles. La formule qu’il a mise au point pour enlever le Texas aux d\u00e9mocrates s’est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e imparable : cultiver les riches donateurs (et les riches Texans sont tr\u00e8s riches), choisir de bons candidats (y compris en recyclant des d\u00e9mocrates), employer l’argent \u00e0 adresser des messages diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s \u00e0 chaque groupe d’\u00e9lecteurs. Aujourd’hui, les 29 mandats pourvus par l’ensemble des \u00e9lecteurs de l’Etat sont d\u00e9tenus par des r\u00e9publicains, majoritaires, aussi, dans les deux chambres, \u00e0 Austin.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Travailleur acharn\u00e9, transportant dans sa t\u00eate une encyclop\u00e9die politique et \u00e9lectorale, Rove est entour\u00e9 d’une r\u00e9putation de tricheur et de tueur. Il est soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 d’avoir plac\u00e9 lui-m\u00eame, dans son bureau, en 1986, un micro-\u00e9metteur dont la d\u00e9couverte a provoqu\u00e9 une temp\u00eate m\u00e9diatique, mis sur la d\u00e9fensive le gouverneur d\u00e9mocrate sortant et aid\u00e9 le candidat r\u00e9publicain \u00e0 le battre. Quatre ans plus tard, il a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la diffusion d’informations selon lesquelles le commissaire sortant \u00e0 l’agriculture aurait organis\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me de pression sur des exploitants afin qu’ils contribuent au financement de la campagne pour sa r\u00e9\u00e9lection.<\/p>\n
En 1994, quand George Bush s’est port\u00e9 candidat au poste de gouverneur du Texas, une vague de rumeurs, aliment\u00e9e par de faux appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques d’instituts de sondage, a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e contre la titulaire du poste, Ann Richards, accus\u00e9e, entre autres choses, d’\u00eatre lesbienne.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Lors des primaires r\u00e9publicaines pour l’\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2000, John McCain, vainqueur dans le New Hampshire, a \u00e9t\u00e9 la cible de calomnies sur sa sant\u00e9 mentale et sur sa sexualit\u00e9. Quand un groupe d’anciens combattants a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diffuser, il y a trois semaines, une publicit\u00e9 t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9e accusant John Kerry de mentir sur son service militaire au Vietnam, les d\u00e9mocrates y ont vu un nouveau coup bas de Karl Rove.<\/p>\n
Bush, qui aime distribuer des surnoms, en a deux pour son conseiller. C’est tant\u00f4t Boy Genius<\/i> (\u00ab\u00a0Gamin g\u00e9nial\u00a0\u00bb), tant\u00f4t Turd Blossom<\/i> (\u00ab\u00a0Fleur de fumier\u00a0\u00bb). Comme si le pr\u00e9sident voulait garder une distance avec les m\u00e9thodes de celui auquel il a d\u00e9dicac\u00e9 sa photo avec ces mots : \u00ab\u00a0A Karl Rove, l’homme qui a un plan.\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>\u00a0<\/p>\n
Un plan pour quoi faire ? Pour gagner, simplement ? Ou pour changer l’Am\u00e9rique ? Le mod\u00e8le de Rove, c’est le pr\u00e9sident William McKinley, \u00e9lu, en 1896, avec l’aide de Mark Hanna, alors \u00ab\u00a0boss\u00a0\u00bb du Parti r\u00e9publicain. Hanna avait compris – et fait comprendre \u00e0 McKinley – que l’\u00e8re d’apr\u00e8s la guerre civile \u00e9tait termin\u00e9e et qu’il fallait exprimer, dor\u00e9navant, les aspirations des couches sociales nouvelles, n\u00e9es du d\u00e9veloppement de l’industrie. Au cours des trente-six ann\u00e9es qui ont suivi, les r\u00e9publicains n’ont perdu que deux \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles.<\/p>\n
Aujourd’hui, Karl Rove pense que l’opposition entre d\u00e9mocrates et r\u00e9publicains, telle qu’elle a pris forme \u00e0 partir de la crise \u00e9conomique des ann\u00e9es 1930 et de ses suites, est r\u00e9volue. R\u00e9actionnaire plus encore que conservateur, il estime que l’on est arriv\u00e9 au terme d’une longue \u00e9poque marqu\u00e9e par le r\u00e8gne de majorit\u00e9s abusives, enfermant l’individu dans toutes sortes de contraintes – fiscales, pour commencer – contraires \u00e0 sa libert\u00e9 fondamentale.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Le conseiller, qui a baptis\u00e9 Andrew Madison le fils qu’il a eu avec sa seconde \u00e9pouse, est un disciple fervent du f\u00e9d\u00e9ralisme de James Madison, l’un des auteurs de la Constitution am\u00e9ricaine, et de son interpr\u00e9tation par Alexis de Tocqueville, l’auteur de De la d\u00e9mocratie en Am\u00e9rique<\/i>. La d\u00e9mocratie, selon Rove, c’est l’autonomie des \u00ab\u00a0petits bataillons\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>, libres de vivre \u00e0 leur guise dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 prot\u00e9g\u00e9e de la dictature du plus grand nombre.<\/p>\n
George W. Bush et celui que l’on pr\u00e9sente parfois comme son \u00ab\u00a0gourou\u00a0\u00bb ont les m\u00eames convictions. Bush fils a toujours pens\u00e9 que l’un des grands dangers dont l’Am\u00e9rique doit se garder est celui du \u00ab\u00a0socialisme \u00e0 l’europ\u00e9enne\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>. Le pr\u00e9sident et son conseiller sont les parfaits interpr\u00e8tes de la r\u00e9volution conservatrice, lanc\u00e9e timidement, il y a cinquante ans, par quelques intellectuels minoritaires, port\u00e9e par Ronald Reagan dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, et par la majorit\u00e9 r\u00e9publicaine du Congr\u00e8s depuis 1994. La r\u00e9\u00e9lection de Bush assurerait son triomphe.<\/p>\n
Karl Rove y travaille sans rel\u00e2che depuis 2001.<\/p>\n
(Source:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Le Monde\u00a0\u00bb du 29.08.04)<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
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\n
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11 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2004. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a : <\/font><\/span>Islam and America … Friends or Foes?<\/font><\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/h5>\n
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http:\/\/www.marxist.com\/arabic\/america_islam_ar.html<\/a>\u00a0 <\/o:p><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n\n
Accueil<\/font><\/a><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n