{"id":19415,"date":"2009-07-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-07-26T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/26-juillet-2009\/"},"modified":"2009-07-26T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2009-07-26T00:00:00","slug":"26-juillet-2009","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/26-juillet-2009\/","title":{"rendered":"26 juillet 2009"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><html><head><meta content=\"text\/html\" description=\"Un \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\teffort \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tquotidien \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpour une \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tinformation \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tde \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tqualit\u00e9 \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsur \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnotre \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpays, la \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTunisie.\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\"\/><\/head><body><body><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" dir=\"ltr\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/\"><span>Home<\/span><span lang=\"FR-CH\"> &#8211; Accuei<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"FR-CH\">l<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<div><font size=\"2\"><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<div>\n<div onclick=\"return Control.invoke('ReadingPane', '_onBodyClick', event);\">\n<div>\n<div>\u00a0<meta content=\"Microsoft SafeHTML\"\/><\/p>\n<style>.ExternalClass .EC_hmmessage P{padding:0px;}.ExternalClass body.EC_hmmessage{font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;}<\/style>\n<div>\n<div><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<div align=\"center\"><font size=\"7\"><strong>TUNISNEWS<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" dir=\"ltr\"><font><\/p>\n<div><strong>9\u00a0\u00e8me ann\u00e9e,<span lang=\"FR\">N\u00b0\u00a03351 du 26.07.2009<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<p><\/font><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"><span><font><strong><font>\u00a0archives<\/font> : <\/strong><\/font><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><font><strong>www.tunisnews.net<\/strong><\/font><\/a><\/span><font>\u00a0<\/font>\u00a0 <\/div>\n<div><font><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p><\/font><\/div>\n<div><strong><font><b><span lang=\"FR\"><font size=\"2\"><span lang=\"EN\">AISPP: La livraison de Tarek Herzi et la responsabilit\u00e9 du nouveau gouvernement am\u00e9ricain<\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/font><\/span><font size=\"2\"><span lang=\"FR\">Kalima: Decrease of industrial production<\/span><span lang=\"EN\"> Kalima: Jandouba : L.M.D system\u2019s graduates did not receive their diploma  <\/span><span lang=\"EN\">Kalima: Kassrine: punishment of unionists does not protect a director from relocation<\/span><span lang=\"EN\"> Kalima: Independent NGOs: what is happening in the Journalists\u2019s Union is a planned coup <\/span><span lang=\"EN\">Abou Oussama: M\u00e9moire d\u2019un d\u00e9tenu 4\/2 <\/span><span lang=\"EN\"> Jeune Afrique: Djerba, paradis en d\u00e9tresse <\/span><span lang=\"EN\">TAP: Obs\u00e8ques de Mohamed Salah Ayari <\/span><span lang=\"EN\"> Libert\u00e9 Algerie: \u00e0 cause de leur pros\u00e9lytisme &#8211; Les terroristes s\u00e9par\u00e9s des d\u00e9tenus de droit commun <\/span><span lang=\"EN\">AFP: Mauritania arrests alleged member of Al-Qaeda offshoot<\/span><span lang=\"EN\"> AFP: Britain urged to engage with Hamas moderates <\/span><span lang=\"EN\">Lib\u00e9ration: Pour Isra\u00ebl, la \u00abnakba\u00bb n\u2019existe pas <\/span><span lang=\"EN\">BBC NEWS: Britain &lsquo;should approach Hamas&rsquo; <\/span><span lang=\"EN\">Guardian: Fears of an Islamic revolt in Europe begin to fade<\/span><\/font><span lang=\"FR\"><\/span><\/b><\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr\/>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\"><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/font><\/div>\n<div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">Libert\u00e9 pour tous les prisonniers politiques Libert\u00e9 pour le docteur Sadok Chourou <strong><font>Association Internationale de Soutien aux Prisonniers Politiques<\/font><\/strong> 43 rue Eldjazira, Tunis E-mail : aispptunisie@yahoo.fr Tunis, le 25 juillet 2009 <strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">La livraison de Tarek Herzi et la responsabilit\u00e9 du nouveau gouvernement am\u00e9ricain<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"> L\u2019AISPP suit toujours le dossier du jeune Tarek Ben Tahar Elouni Herzi, incarc\u00e9r\u00e9 depuis le 18 mai 2008 \u00e0 la prison Cropper de l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Bagdad qui rel\u00e8ve des forces d\u2019occupation am\u00e9ricaine. La famille Herzi a re\u00e7u par l\u2019organisation de la Croix Rouge \u00e0 Tunis une lettre de son fils Tarek, dat\u00e9e du 10 juin 2009, dans laquelle il affirme que les forces irakiennes l\u2019ont livr\u00e9 aux forces am\u00e9ricaines apr\u00e8s s\u2019\u00eatre assur\u00e9es de son innocence quant \u00e0 plusieurs accusations, dont celle de l\u2019appartenance \u00e0 El Qa\u2019eda, et que les forces am\u00e9ricaines qui avaient enqu\u00eat\u00e9 \u00e0 nouveau \u00e0 son sujet n\u2019avaient trouv\u00e9 aucune preuve de sa culpabilit\u00e9. Aussi ces derni\u00e8res n\u2019envisagent plus de le rendre aux forces irakiennes et sont contraintes de le livrer \u00e0 la Tunisie s\u2019il n\u2019y a pas un pays tiers d\u2019accord pour l\u2019accueillir. Le jeune Tarek Ben Tahar Elouni Herzi est un jeune Tunisien n\u00e9 le 3 mai 1982 qui a quitt\u00e9 la Tunisie pour l\u2019Irak en 2004. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait prisonnier par les forces irakiennes et il a fait l\u2019objet de tortures avant son transfert \u00e0 la prison de Cropper. Dans des circonstances non \u00e9claircies, sa jambe droite a \u00e9t\u00e9 amput\u00e9e et remplac\u00e9e par une proth\u00e8se. Les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec son p\u00e8re qui lui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 permises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompues depuis le d\u00e9but du mois de mai 2009. L\u2019association a d\u00e9j\u00e0 alert\u00e9 dans le pass\u00e9 sur les menaces pesant sur l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique du jeune Tarek Herzi s\u2019il venait \u00e0 \u00eatre livr\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes [\u2026] \u00a0<strong><font> La commission de suivi des proc\u00e8s politiques<\/font><\/strong> <font>(Traduction d\u2019extraits ni revue ni corrig\u00e9e par les auteurs de la version en arabe, LT)<\/font><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><font><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><font size=\"2\"><strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">Decrease of industrial production<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n<p><font size=\"2\"> Submitted by sihem on Saturday, July 25 2009  The industrial production index went down by 8.2 percent during the first five months of this year compared with the same period of 2008, showed official figures published last Tuesday. The largest percentage decline was in the sectors of textile and clothes by 21%, mechanical and electric industries by 16.7%, and chemical industries by 14%. The sector of energy and mines maintained its increase with about 11%.  <strong><font>(Source: Le site de \u00ab\u00a0Radio Kalima\u00a0\u00bb le 25 juillet 2009)<\/font><\/strong> \u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<div align=\"center\"> <strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">Jandouba : L.M.D system\u2019s graduates did not receive their diploma<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong> <\/div>\n<p> Submitted by sihem on Saturday, July 25 2009  The first class of L.M.D&rsquo;s graduates in the faculty of management, legal and economic sciences of Jandouba complain about not receiving their certificates. A number of these graduates said that the fact of not receiving their diplomas prevented them from registering in local or abroad faculties. They feared that the year will elapse without being able to register in other institutions as they received informations that Jandouba\u2019s faculty lacks the programme that allow them to pursue their studies in second cycle under L.M.D system. 60 students of the mentioned speciality petitioned the minister of higher education over this problems but until this moment they do not receive any response, said some of them interviewed by RadioKalima.   <strong><font>(Source: Le site de \u00ab\u00a0Radio Kalima\u00a0\u00bb le 25 juillet 2009)<\/font><\/strong> <\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\"><strong>Kassrine: punishment of unionists does not protect a director from relocation<\/strong><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p> Submitted by sihem on Saturday, July 25 2009  The education and training regional director, Mr Najib Karari,was transferred to Tatawin in a context of a punishment relocation, said unionist sources. This official was relocated for power abuse after an investigation carried out by a financial and administrative commission. He committed injustices against some workers and educational and administrative cadres on the basis of their political and unionist activities. The same sources pointed out that the commission\u2019s investigations proved the invalidity of the charges against these cadres. Unionists in Kassrine said that the transfer of regional director to Tatawin cannot be regarded as punishment given his disciplinary file.   <strong><font>(Source: Le site de \u00ab\u00a0Radio Kalima\u00a0\u00bb le 25 juillet 2009)<\/font><\/strong> \u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">Independent NGOs: what is happening in the Journalists\u2019s Union is a planned coup<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><\/div>\n<p> Submitted by sihem on Friday, July 24 2009  The Independent NGOs&rsquo; network considered the new development in the Journalists\u2019s Union a coup against a legitimate and democratically elected board planned for non-professional purposes. The Network asserted in a communiqu\u00e9 that this coup was confirmed by the unjustified urgency by the pro-government members to hold an extraordinary congress. These NGOs called for the respect of the Union\u2019s internal regulations and for preparing fairly the upcoming congress and to preserve the Union credibility, the legitimacy of its activities and its representativeness of all journalists. The associations expressed their support to the Executive board in its adherence to the legitimacy of its resolutions and its defence of the Union\u2019s independence and freedom of press and expression. This communiqu\u00e9 was signed by the following associations : the Tunisian League for the Human Rights Defence (LTDH) , the Tunisian Association of Democrat Women (ATFD), the Tunisian Women Association for Research on development(AFTURD), and the National Council for Freedoms in Tunisia (CNLT).  <strong><font>(Source: Le site de \u00ab\u00a0Radio Kalima\u00a0\u00bb le 24 juillet 2009)<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p><\/font><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">M\u00e9moire d\u2019un d\u00e9tenu 4\/2<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong> <\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"> <strong><font>Abou Oussama<\/font><\/strong> <font>Le matin de la deuxi\u00e8me journ\u00e9e \u00e9tait pire que la veille. Les \u00e9v\u00e8nements ont commenc\u00e9 par les insultes du ge\u00f4lier Mloukhiya car lorsqu\u2019il a ouvert la porte de la cellule il nous a trouv\u00e9 les uns contre les autres accroupis sans que personne ne se l\u00e8ve alors il s\u2019est mis \u00e0 crier et insulter en disant :&lt;&lt; comment est-ce que je vais vous compter ! Comme \u00e7a ! Assis par terre ! Levez vous bande de traitres et mettez vous en rang et que quelqu\u2019un parmi vous donne l\u2019ordre de salutation &gt;&gt;. Nous nous sommes lev\u00e9s en h\u00e2te et nous avons form\u00e9 une seule rang\u00e9e sans qu\u2019aucun prenne le devant pour se faire caporal de chambre alors il a choisi un de haute taille et nous a fait une le\u00e7on sur la mani\u00e8re de saluer le ge\u00f4lier en levant la main, \u00e9videmment chacun de nous a re\u00e7u sa part de gifle, selon le plaisir du ge\u00f4lier. D\u00e9s que la porte s\u2019est ferm\u00e9e H.. a dit :&lt;&lt; Quel minable !&gt;&gt; et voila que la porte s\u2019ouvre de nouveau et notre ge\u00f4lier appara\u00eet noir de rage, Mloukhiya \u00e9tait un m\u00e9tis mais lorsqu\u2019il se met en col\u00e8re il ne rougit pas mais il devient de couleur sombre et lorsqu\u2019il a ferm\u00e9 la porte nous avions cru qu\u2019il \u00e9tait parti tandis qu\u2019il \u00e9tait rest\u00e9 plant\u00e9 devant la porte pour \u00e9couter secr\u00e8tement les r\u00e9actions.&lt;&lt; Qui m\u2019a insult\u00e9 ?&gt;&gt; dit-il mais personne n\u2019a r\u00e9pondu alors il me tient par l\u2019oreille et dit&lt;&lt; \u00e7a ne fait rien, tu assumeras la responsabilit\u00e9, vous \u00eates tous coupables &gt;&gt; et commence \u00e0 me tirer dehors, H\u2026voyant que je vais subir une punition, disa &lt;&lt; Ce n\u2019est pas lui, c\u2019est moi &gt;&gt; Mloukhiya r\u00e9pondit &lt;&lt; C\u2019est bien alors deux c\u2019est mieux qu\u2019un, toi parce que tu n\u2019as pas r\u00e9agi vite et lui parce qu\u2019il n\u2019a pas dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 &gt;&gt; . J\u2019ai compris alors que Mloukhiya voulait nous apprendre comment \u00eatre mouchard. En fait le plan du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e9tait d\u2019an\u00e9antir en nous l\u2019esprit de groupe qui r\u00e8gne dans notre parti, il a alors donn\u00e9 des consignes aux diff\u00e9rentes administrations p\u00e9nitentiaires dans le pays de faire semer l\u2019\u00e9go\u00efsme parmi nous au d\u00e9part puis viendra en suite une s\u00e9rie de mesures qui n\u2019avaient pour objectif que la lutte contre des valeurs morales que nous portons comme le respect des plus \u00e2g\u00e9s, la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9s, la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9, la fraternit\u00e9 et cette politique est men\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nos jours contre toutes\u00a0 les tendances religieuses car le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral et sa bande ne comprennent jamais les nuances id\u00e9ologiques qui caract\u00e9risent les divers partis d\u2019ob\u00e9dience islamique, pour eux, un musulman pratiquant est simplement un terroriste parce qu\u2019il peut \u00eatre un opposant au r\u00e9gime dictatorial du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral, alors il ne se font pas de soucis dans ce domaine et la seule classification qu\u2019ils ont pu faire prenait en consid\u00e9ration l\u2019activit\u00e9 du d\u00e9tenu, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire de savoir si le d\u00e9tenu est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment actif ou non.   Mloukhiya nous a ordonn\u00e9 d\u2019aller l\u2019attendre pr\u00e8s de la table de service qui \u00e9tait plac\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e du bloc d\u2019isolement jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il finisse de recenser les prisonnier du bloc et savoir le nombre des nouveaux venus. L\u2019autre ge\u00f4lier, Sa\u00efd, nous a re\u00e7u en blasph\u00e9mant de bon matin, c\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle en Tunisie : le mat\u00e9riel du travail, peut \u00eatre que vous avez compris qu\u2019en Tunisie blasph\u00e9mer veut dire, pour un fonctionnaire public,\u00a0 repousser l\u2019inculpation d\u2019\u00eatre islamiste et par suite \u00eatre limog\u00e9 de sa fonction, le policier en Tunisie n\u2019a aucun droit, il n\u2019est m\u00eame pas titulaire et s\u2019il arrive d\u2019\u00eatre limog\u00e9 il ne re\u00e7oit aucune indemnit\u00e9 c\u2019est pourquoi la dictature est \u00e0 outrance car le policier ne pense qu\u2019\u00e0 conserver son poste co\u00fbte que co\u00fbte et advient que pourra. Sa\u00efd nous a donn\u00e9 l\u2019ordre de tourner le visage au mur et lever les mains en haut. Nous \u00e9tions rest\u00e9s dans cette position toute la matin\u00e9e c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire, pour ceux qui ont fait la prison, depuis le recensement du matin jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fermeture de midi, \u00e9videment les gifles et les insultes de temps \u00e0 autre sont monnaie courante, nous avons appris plus tard que cette punition n\u2019\u00e9tait rien devant la suspension tout nu sur la grille de l\u2019entr\u00e9e du bloc par exemple ou l\u2019attachement au mur par des cha\u00eenes et des \u00e9crous rouill\u00e9s durant deux ou trois jours ou m\u00eame plus, le cas de IDOUDI, d\u00e9j\u00e0 cit\u00e9, est le plus frappant.  Nous avons regagn\u00e9 notre cellule et nous avons appris que nos amis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emmen\u00e9s pour \u00eatre photographier sans \u00eatre ras\u00e9 ni coiff\u00e9 pour qu\u2019ils paraissent comme des v\u00e9ritables criminels. Durant les arrestations on s\u2019est vu la barbe pousser, les cheveux rouill\u00e9s et \u00e9videmment les mauvaises odeurs nous accompagnaient partout o\u00f9 que nous entrions. Cette allure nous a fait para\u00eetre comme des v\u00e9ritables Talibans ou des hommes de la taverne, d\u00e9pass\u00e9s par le modernisme c\u2019est ce que le syst\u00e8me du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral veut. Certaines photos de la prison ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es par la presse pour insinuer au peuple que le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e9tait le sauveur de la Nation d\u2019un danger imminent qui n\u2019a cess\u00e9 de menacer le pays depuis le r\u00e8gne de Bourguiba car certains soi-disant sociologues tunisiens attribuent \u00e0 Bourguiba l\u2019encouragement de la naissance du parti En-Nahdha pour contrecarrer l\u2019\u00e9volution de la gauche marxiste en Tunisie et ont m\u00eame invent\u00e9 des rencontres entre le cheikh Ghannouchi et le directeur du parti unique Mohamed Sayyah ces rencontres avaient pour but la coop\u00e9ration dans la lutte contre la gauche \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9. Ces rencontres \u00e9taient purement fictives et Sayyah \u00e9tait la b\u00eate noire des islamistes.   Nous avions pass\u00e9 plus que dix jours dans le bloc d\u2019isolement car au d\u00e9but nous \u00e9tions class\u00e9s par la police politique ( DST ) comme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments dangereux pr\u00e8s \u00e0 se transformer en Moudjahidines ( militants arm\u00e9s ) et nous \u00e9tions destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre diff\u00e9r\u00e9s devant le tribunal militaire avec comme charges de quoi nous envoyer \u00e0 la potence telles que : fomenter un coup d\u2019\u00e9tat, diffuser des nouvelles perturbatrices, poss\u00e9der des armes sans autorisation, appeler au d\u00e9sordre\u2026etc.   Apr\u00e8s cette escale. le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de nous isoler en nous s\u00e9parant des autres prisonniers du droit commun et l\u2019administration p\u00e9nitentiaire de la prison 9 Avril 1938 \u00e0 Tunis nous a r\u00e9serv\u00e9s trois chambres qui \u00e9taient successivement le B2 et le D3 annexe puis le 17 qui \u00e9tait un grand silo et au mois d\u2019Octobre 1991 ils commencent \u00e0 nous affecter.  Nous avions jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent pass\u00e9 des rudes \u00e9preuves que se soit dans les cellules d\u2019arrestation dans les diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions de la Tunisie ou \u00e0 la cave du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur\u2026et nous commen\u00e7ons maintenant une longue et rude \u00e9preuve qui va durer pour certains 18 ans\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0   Parfois lorsque la vie et la mort auront la m\u00eame chance d\u2019\u00eatre choisies le d\u00e9sespoir sera ma\u00eetre de situation et on ne pense plus \u00e0 vivre mais on pense \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 ses douleurs alors la mort sera la solution. Dans cette situation on ne meurt pas n\u2019importe comment mais on choisit sa mort, une mort selon le d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9 digne d\u2019\u00eatre choisie parce qu\u2019elle emporte \u00e0 un monde fantastique plein de bonheur et surtout de repos ; mais quand peut-on effleurer cette situation ?\u00a0 D\u00e9cid\u00e9ment on ne touche ce point que dans l\u2019extr\u00eame douleur physique ou morale o\u00f9 mourir devient plus rentable que vivre en tant que la mort met fin \u00e0 cette situation de douleur refus\u00e9e. Cette philosophie de la mort\/vie se d\u00e9veloppe normalement lors des p\u00e9riodes historiques instables dans la vie des Nations, des p\u00e9riodes consid\u00e9r\u00e9es anormales o\u00f9 la Nation est assujettie \u00e0 une h\u00e9g\u00e9monie externe ou interne comme par exemple une colonisation ou une dictature.<\/font>\u00a0\u00a0<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong><font>(Source: alhiwar.net le 24 juillet 2009)<\/font><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<h2 align=\"center\" style=\"color: red;\"><span lang=\"FR\">Djerba, paradis en d\u00e9tresse<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b><span lang=\"FR\">21\/07\/2009\u00a0 | Jeune Afrique | Par : K\u00e9rim Maamer |<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"FR\">Consultant, Bruxelles<\/span><\/strong> \u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\">R\u00e9put\u00e9e pour la douceur de son climat, l\u2019\u00eele de Djerba est moins connue pour son patrimoine humain. C\u2019est un morceau de d\u00e9sert avec de maigres ressources et peu d\u2019eau, o\u00f9 les hommes ont d\u00fb adapter leurs forces \u00e0 leur environnement, pour faire de Meninx (l\u2019\u00eele \u00ab\u00a0sans eau\u00a0\u00bb) une terre de vergers o\u00f9 triomphent beaut\u00e9, harmonie sociale et paix civile. Du moins jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent. Mais avant d\u2019\u00e9voquer les probl\u00e8mes de Djerba, il faut raconter ce qui fait son authenticit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\">Dans cette \u00eele du Sud tunisien, le pouvoir ne s\u2019est pas \u00e9rig\u00e9 dans une ville centrale. Il est traditionnellement d\u00e9volu aux grandes familles. Essentiellement ruraux, les Djerbiens vivaient autrefois dans des groupes d\u2019habitations fortifi\u00e9es tr\u00e8s \u00e9loign\u00e9s les uns des autres. Si les institutions publiques semblaient faiblement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es, les int\u00e9r\u00eats collectifs \u00e9taient pr\u00e9serv\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un maillage communautaire serr\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des modes de vie et des comportements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\">La raret\u00e9 de l\u2019eau, la pauvret\u00e9 des ressources et l\u2019absence d\u2019un pouvoir centralisateur ont d\u00e9termin\u00e9 un mode de vie soucieux d\u2019autarcie. Le houch est un manoir fortifi\u00e9 qui constitue l\u2019arch\u00e9type de l\u2019habitation djerbienne dont on fait l\u2019\u00e9loge tout en appelant \u00e0 sa pr\u00e9servation. Quant au menzel, c\u2019\u00e9tait le domaine de production, avec son syst\u00e8me d\u2019irrigation et de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des eaux, ses aires de battage et de stockage, ses espaces arboricoles et mara\u00eechers qui rendaient luxuriantes les terres arides de l\u2019\u00eele. Les tabias, ces puissantes haies de cactus constitu\u00e9es au cours des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, longeaient tous les sentiers et donnaient un cachet particulier au paysage v\u00e9g\u00e9tal de Djerba.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\">M\u00eame s\u2019il ne vit plus sur l\u2019\u00eele, le Djerbien lui reste attach\u00e9 par de forts liens identitaires et communautaires. C\u2019est pourquoi la terre n\u2019est pas \u00e0 vendre. Si la vente devait s\u2019imposer, le cousin ou le voisin seraient privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s, autant pour les relations de proximit\u00e9 ch\u00e8res aux Djerbiens que pour \u00e9viter le morcellement des parcelles. Mais toutes ces valeurs sont d\u00e9sormais mises \u00e0 mal par la sp\u00e9culation fonci\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\">L\u2019exode, les modes de vie modernes, le co\u00fbt des restaurations, le d\u00e9sint\u00e9r\u00eat pour l\u2019ancien\u2026 Tous ces facteurs conjugu\u00e9s aboutissent \u00e0 la ruine des houchs et des menzels laiss\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019abandon. Il y va pourtant tout \u00e0 la fois du cachet de l\u2019\u00eele et de son identit\u00e9 socio-culturelle. Face aux risques de d\u00e9gradation irr\u00e9versible, le soutien d\u2019organisations mondiales de pr\u00e9servation du patrimoine humain s\u2019impose.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\">Il est paradoxal d\u2019observer combien le \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9veloppement\u00a0\u00bb favorise la sp\u00e9culation au d\u00e9triment de l\u2019\u00e9conomie productive de biens. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 les r\u00e8gles ancestrales avaient permis de prot\u00e9ger l\u2019harmonie entre les hommes et la nature, l\u2019app\u00e2t du gain menace d\u00e9sormais l\u2019\u00e9quilibre fragile de l\u2019\u00eele. Une autorit\u00e9 charg\u00e9e de pr\u00e9server l\u2019identit\u00e9 de Djerba doit voir le jour au plus vite. Les infractions aux us et coutumes se multiplient. Des \u00ab\u00a0affairistes\u00a0\u00bb manipulent les lois pour morceler les menzels, piller les houchs, d\u00e9truire les tabias. Ils construisent souvent \u00e0 leur guise, sans autorisation, sur des terres arables, selon un style architectural totalement \u00e9tranger \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eele\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\">La tol\u00e9rance publique envers cette situation s\u2019apparente presque \u00e0 un \u00ab\u00a0laisser-faire\u00a0\u00bb qui d\u00e9nature l\u2019\u00eele dans sa beaut\u00e9 et dans son identit\u00e9. Mais Djerba est aussi mise en danger par la disparition de ses dunes et l\u2019\u00e9rosion de ses c\u00f4tes, la destruction de ses ressources hydriques et v\u00e9g\u00e9tales\u2026 Quant \u00e0 la perte de son h\u00e9ritage humain, elle ne fait qu\u2019anticiper la fin de l\u2019harmonie sociale et de la paix civile. Il est urgent de dresser un \u00e9tat des lieux pour sauvegarder ce joyau de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"FR\">(Source: \u00ab\u00a0Jeune Afrique\u00a0\u00bb (Hebdomadaire- France) consult\u00e9 le 26 juil. 09)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"FR\">Lien:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/Article_ARTJAJA2532p103.xml0_-architecture-eau-patrimoine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/Article_ARTJAJA2532p103.xml0_-architecture-eau-patrimoine<\/a>&#8211;<\/span><span lang=\"FR\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\ueb25<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">-Djerba-paradis-en-detresse.html<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">Obs\u00e8ques de Mohamed Salah Ayari<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong> <\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"> TUNIS, 26 juil 2009 (TAP)- la famille judiciaire a conduit dimanche, jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 sa derni\u00e8re demeure, au cimeti\u00e8re du Jellaz, le juge Mohamed Salah Ayari, ancien ministre de la justice et 1er pr\u00e9sident honoraire de la cour d&rsquo;appel de Tunis, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 samedi.  Sur instructions du pr\u00e9sident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, M. B\u00e9chir Tekkari, ministre de la justice et des droits de l&rsquo;homme a assist\u00e9 aux obs\u00e8ques et prononc\u00e9 l&rsquo;oraison fun\u00e8bre. Il a pass\u00e9 en revue les qualit\u00e9s du d\u00e9funt et son riche parcours professionnel, marqu\u00e9 par le d\u00e9vouement, la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et la loyaut\u00e9 envers la patrie et ses symboles.  Il a notamment rappel\u00e9 que la carri\u00e8re judiciaire du disparu a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 1942 et qu&rsquo;il a occup\u00e9 de nombreuses responsabilit\u00e9s dans les diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions du pays (Gab\u00e8s, Le Kef, Sidi Bouzid, Sousse et Tunis). Mohamed Salah Ayari, a-t-il ajout\u00e9, f\u00fbt l&rsquo;un des fervents d\u00e9fenseurs de l&rsquo;unification de la justice. Il a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;enrichissement du code du statut personnel et de la jurisprudence en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.  Le ministre a mis en exergue les qualit\u00e9s du d\u00e9funt qui a occup\u00e9 plusieurs postes au sein du gouvernement dont notamment celui de ministre de la justice (f\u00e9vrier 1986) avant d&rsquo;\u00eatre \u00e9lev\u00e9 au rang de ministre d&rsquo;Etat \u00e0 la t\u00eate du m\u00eame d\u00e9partement.   Il a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de la confiance du Pr\u00e9sident Ben Ali qui l&rsquo;a nomm\u00e9 ministre de la justice dans le premier gouvernement apr\u00e8s le changement du 7 novembre, en consid\u00e9ration pour sa haute comp\u00e9tence professionnelle. Le d\u00e9funt a contribu\u00e9 aux profondes r\u00e9formes engag\u00e9es dans le secteur judiciaire depuis le changement.  Le d\u00e9funt s&rsquo;\u00e9tait \u00e9galement distingu\u00e9 par son apport scientifique \u00e9minent lors des grandes manifestations \u00e0 caract\u00e8re juridique et judiciaire, en Tunisie et \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tranger ainsi que par la richesse de son \u0153uvre qui constitue aujourd&rsquo;hui encore une base de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les juristes et les magistrats tunisiens.  M. Tekkari a \u00e9galement mis l&rsquo;accent sur la sollicitude particuli\u00e8re dont le chef de l&rsquo;Etat a entour\u00e9 le disparu qu&rsquo;il a d\u00e9cor\u00e9 des insignes de grand officier de l&rsquo;ordre de la r\u00e9publique et de grand officier de l&rsquo;ordre de l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance.  Plusieurs membres de la famille judiciaire ont assist\u00e9 aux obs\u00e8ques.<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"center\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"><font size=\"3\">\u00c0 cause de leur pros\u00e9lytisme <\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">Les terroristes s\u00e9par\u00e9s des d\u00e9tenus de droit commun<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong><i><span lang=\"FR\">Dimanche 26 Juillet 2009<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"FR\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\"><strong>Par : L. N.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Un vaste mouvement dans les \u00e9tablissements p\u00e9nitentiaires d\u2019El-Harrach, Serkadji et Chlef a \u00e9t\u00e9 op\u00e9r\u00e9 au courant de la semaine \u00e9coul\u00e9e, ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9, hier, des sources bien inform\u00e9es.<\/strong> En effet, des d\u00e9tenus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s aux prisons de Berouaghia, dans la wilaya de M\u00e9d\u00e9a, et Tazoult, dans la wilaya de Batna. Ce mouvement intervient, selon nos sources, apr\u00e8s que les services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 eurent d\u00e9couvert, \u00e0 l\u2019issue d\u2019une enqu\u00eate intra-muros, l\u2019existence de cellules de recrutement pour le compte du GSPC d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda au pays du Maghreb. Cette information, bien qu\u2019av\u00e9r\u00e9e depuis 2006, a pouss\u00e9 les services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 agir en cons\u00e9quence, d\u2019autant que ces cellules ciblent, en plus des terroristes, des prisonniers de droit commun, notamment les dealers et les consommateurs de drogue en leur promettant de l\u2019argent. Notre source ira plus loin en r\u00e9v\u00e9lant l\u2019existence carr\u00e9ment de \u201cimarate\u201d, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur m\u00eame des \u00e9tablissements sus-cit\u00e9s. Autrement dit, des terroristes arr\u00eat\u00e9s puis emprisonn\u00e9s se sont autoproclam\u00e9s \u201c\u00e9mirs\u201d et proc\u00e9daient au recrutement de nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui, une fois \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, rejoindront les rangs du GSPC. Rappelons que durant la p\u00e9riode allant de 2006 \u00e0 2008, plus de 300 d\u00e9tenus de la prison de Boussouf \u00e0 Constantine, incarc\u00e9r\u00e9s suite \u00e0 leur implication, directe ou indirecte, dans des activit\u00e9s terroristes, ont rejoint les maquis de l\u2019Est, notamment ceux de Jijel sous la \u201cimara\u201d\u00a0de Lemloum. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\"><strong>(Source: \u00ab\u00a0Libert\u00e9-algerie.com\u00a0\u00bb le 26 juil. 09)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Lien: <\/span><span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberte-algerie.com\/edit.php?id=118907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">http:\/\/www.liberte-algerie.com\/edit.php?id=118907<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<div align=\"center\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">Mauritania arrests alleged member of Al-Qaeda offshoot<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n<p> (AFP) \u2013 26 Jul. 09 NOUAKCHOTT \u2014 Mauritanian authorities on Saturday detained an alleged member of an Al-Qaeda offshoot, a security source said, the fourth such recent arrest after the group claimed the murder of an American. Police arrested Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Hmeimed outside Nouakchott, making him the fourth alleged member of the Islamist group arrested since July 17. A police source said after the arrest of the first two suspected Islamist militants following a shoot-out that they were \u00ab\u00a0very probably\u00a0\u00bb the same men who murdered the American last month. Another suspect was arrested on Friday. Christopher Leggett, 48, was shot dead on June 23 outside the language and computer school he ran, with Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb claiming responsibility for the murder. The Al-Qaeda offshoot has carried out a number of attacks in the region, including in Mauritania. 2009 AFP. \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">Britain urged to engage with Hamas moderates<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\"> (AFP) \u2013 26 Jul. 09 LONDON \u2014 The British government was urged to start engaging with moderates in Hamas in a report by lawmakers scrutinising London&rsquo;s foreign policy published on Sunday. The House of Commons&rsquo; Foreign Affairs Committee said that not talking to Hamas &#8212; the Palestinian Islamist movement which controls the Gaza Strip &#8212; was achieving little. Britain refuses to talk to Hamas until it accepts the principles of the international Quartet &#8212; the European Union, Russia, the United Nations and the United States &#8212; of non-violence and acceptance of Israel&rsquo;s existence. \u00ab\u00a0We see few signs that the current policy of non-engagement with Hamas is achieving the Quartet&rsquo;s stated objectives,\u00a0\u00bb said committee chairman Mike Gapes. \u00ab\u00a0We therefore reiterate our recommendation from 2007, that the government should urgently consider engaging with moderate elements within Hamas.\u00a0\u00bb The report contrasted the government&rsquo;s stance with its decision to open contacts with the political wing of Hezbollah in Lebanon. \u00ab\u00a0We further conclude that the credible peace process for which the Quartet hopes, as part of its strategy for undercutting Hamas, is likely to be difficult to achieve without greater co-operation from Hamas itself,\u00a0\u00bb the report said. \u00ab\u00a0We are concerned that the Quartet is continuing to fail to provide Hamas with greater incentives to change its position. \u00ab\u00a0The government should set out the specific indicators, if any, that would trigger a shift of British government policy towards engagement with Hamas. \u00ab\u00a0We further recommend that the government should set out the relevant differences between the cases of Hezbollah and Hamas that lead it to conclude that engagement with moderate elements within Hamas is not currently worth attempting.\u00a0\u00bb The committee said the EU should make any \u00ab\u00a0upgrade\u00a0\u00bb of its relations with Israel conditional on the Jewish state ending settlement growth, which was \u00ab\u00a0prejudicial to the achievement of a two-state solution.\u00a0\u00bb It criticised both Hamas and Israel over the Gaza conflict last year, accusing Hamas of targeting civilians in its rocket attacks on Israel while describing the Israeli military response as \u00ab\u00a0disproportionate\u00a0\u00bb. The committee also condemned Israel&rsquo;s continuing refusal to allow unrestricted humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip. \u00a02009 AFP.<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<h2 align=\"center\" style=\"color: red;\"><span>Pour Isra\u00ebl, la \u00abnakba\u00bb n\u2019existe pas<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Proche-Orient . La droite r\u00e9\u00e9crit les manuels scolaires arabes.<\/font><\/p>\n<p><b><span>Pour les Palestiniens, il ne s\u2019est rien pass\u00e9 en\u00a01948, en tout cas, rien de mal. C\u2019est ce que veut faire croire le minist\u00e8re isra\u00e9lien de l\u2019Education, qui a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019exclure le mot<em><span>nakba <\/span><\/em>des manuels scolaires en arabe destin\u00e9s aux Palestiniens d\u2019Isra\u00ebl.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span>La <em><span>nakba,<\/span><\/em> au sens litt\u00e9ral, c\u2019est la catastrophe. Pour tous les Palestiniens, ce mot r\u00e9sume l\u2019expulsion de leurs villages et de leurs villes lors de la guerre qui a imm\u00e9diatement suivi la d\u00e9claration d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance unilat\u00e9rale d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, en mai\u00a01948. Ironiquement, \u00abcatastrophe\u00bb est aussi le mot utilis\u00e9 par les Juifs pour d\u00e9signer la Shoah, le g\u00e9nocide de six\u00a0millions d\u2019entre eux durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Ultranationaliste.<\/span><\/strong><span>Cette d\u00e9cision sur les manuels scolaires, soutenue par le Premier ministre, Benyamin N\u00e9tanyahou, fait partie d\u2019une loi en cours d\u2019examen \u00e0 la Knesset, le Parlement isra\u00e9lien. L\u2019initiative en revient \u00e0 Avigdor Lieberman, leader du parti ultranationaliste Isra\u00ebl Beitenou (Isra\u00ebl notre maison) et ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Sa formation, qui recrute essentiellement dans les milieux la\u00efcs russophones, est un pilier de la coalition de droite dure au pouvoir. A l\u2019origine, le projet de loi visait \u00e0 interdire toute comm\u00e9moration de la <em><span>nakba,<\/span><\/em> le jour de la f\u00eate nationale d\u2019Isra\u00ebl\u00a0; il pr\u00e9voyait m\u00eame une peine allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 trois\u00a0ans de prison. Lieberman, qui est obs\u00e9d\u00e9 par le p\u00e9ril d\u00e9mographique pos\u00e9 par les Arabes isra\u00e9liens et milite pour leur <em><span>\u00abtransfert\u00bb<\/span><\/em>, en clair, leur expulsion. Il a aussi l\u2019intention de leur demander de pr\u00eater un serment de loyaut\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Etat h\u00e9breu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ces mesures ne peuvent qu\u2019\u00eatre v\u00e9cues comme une provocation et une incitation \u00e0 la discrimination par les 1,7\u00a0million de Palestiniens citoyens d\u2019Isra\u00ebl qui forment\u00a020 %\u00a0de la population du pays. Ils jouissent th\u00e9oriquement des m\u00eames droits &#8211; dont celui de vote et d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9lus &#8211; que les citoyens juifs d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, mais font l\u2019objet de tout un ensemble de mesures discriminatoires non \u00e9crites. Dispens\u00e9s du service militaire, ils ne peuvent souvent pas acc\u00e9der aux emplois publics, ni obtenir des permis de construire aussi facilement que les Juifs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Suspects. <\/span><\/strong><span>Souvent soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre une cinqui\u00e8me colonne par les Juifs, ils sont suspects aux yeux des Palestiniens des territoires et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en raison de leur niveau de vie sup\u00e9rieur et de leur nationalit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lienne. Comment, en effet, expliquer qu\u2019ils soient rest\u00e9s, malgr\u00e9 la guerre et l\u2019occupation\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>La <em><span>nakba<\/span><\/em> est au c\u0153ur de l\u2019affrontement isra\u00e9lo-palestinien. Pour les Juifs, les Arabes ont quitt\u00e9 leurs terres et leurs maisons \u00e0 l\u2019appel des pays arabes voisins qui s\u2019appr\u00eataient, en\u00a01948, \u00e0 envahir le jeune Etat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl. <b>Les Palestiniens estiment, pour leur part, avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019un nettoyage ethnique en r\u00e8gle. Comme l\u2019ont montr\u00e9 les nouveaux historiens isra\u00e9liens (Benny Morris, Ilan Papp\u00e9, Avi Shla\u00efm, Tom Segev), l\u2019exode des Palestiniens a \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus souvent le r\u00e9sultat de violences et d\u2019une <u>savante guerre psychologique.<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span><strong>(Source: \u201dLib\u00e9ration\u201d (Quotidien \u2013 France) le 24 juillet 2009)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>Lien: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/monde\/0101581526-pour-israel-la-nakba-n-existe-pas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><strong>http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/monde\/0101581526-pour-israel-la-nakba-n-existe-pas<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\u00a0 <\/p>\n<h3 align=\"center\" style=\"color: blue;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><strong>Britain &lsquo;should approach Hamas&rsquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><strong>26 Jul. 09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><strong>The UK government has come under rising pressure from MPs to start making contact with Palestinian group Hamas.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Foreign Affairs Committee report also said it was \u00ab\u00a0regrettable\u00a0\u00bb UK-supplied military items were \u00ab\u00a0almost certainly\u00a0\u00bb used by Israel in the Gaza conflict. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The cross-party group, which monitors foreign policy, called on the EU to make relations with Israel conditional on its peace-making efforts. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Hamas was also criticised for its use of rockets on Israeli civilian targets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">&lsquo;Ineffective strategy&rsquo;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">But committee chairman Michael Gapes said the committee saw \u00ab\u00a0few signs that the current policy of non-engagement with Hamas\u00a0\u00bb was effective. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">He added that the government \u00ab\u00a0should urgently consider engaging with moderate elements within Hamas\u00a0\u00bb as it had with the political wing of Hezbollah in Lebanon earlier this year. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The wide-ranging report condemns Israel for the continuing growth of settlements and for its blockades around the Hamas-controlled Gaza strip.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">It was unacceptable, said Mr Gapes, to deny unrestricted access for humanitarian assistance. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">And the report also called for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to declare whether it considered war crimes had been committed during the December 2008 to January 2009 conflict in Gaza and southern Israel. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Hamas came into criticism for its rocket attacks, but MPs concluded that Israel&rsquo;s military action in Gaza was \u00ab\u00a0disproportionate\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Mr Gapes said: \u00ab\u00a0Rocket fire from Gaza by Hamas and other Palestinian groups on civilian targets in Israel is unacceptable. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0It generates the risk of a renewed escalation in violence, and constitutes a central obstacle in the way of Israeli willingness to move forward towards a two-state settlement.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The report welcomed the endorsement by the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of a two-state solution to the conflict.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The committee added that the split between Hamas in Gaza and the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank was a central obstacle to creating a united and democratic Palestinian state, and called for elections that could be accepted by all parties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Former prime minister Tony Blair, who is now a Middle East peace envoy, was commended for \u00ab\u00a0making an important contribution to Palestinian economic and institutional development\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">But movement, access and administrative restrictions on the West Bank continued to represent a \u00ab\u00a0major obstacle to further Palestinian economic development,\u00a0\u00bb it added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Hamas takes its name from the Arabic initials for the Islamic Resistance Movement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Designated a terrorist organisation by Israel, the US and the EU, it is seen by its supporters as a legitimate fighting force defending Palestinians from a brutal military occupation. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"FR\"><strong>(Source: \u00ab\u00a0BBC NEWS\u00a0\u00bb le 26 Jul. 09)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"FR\"><strong>Lien: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/politics\/8169105.stm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/politics\/8169105.stm<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\"><font size=\"2\">\u00a0<\/font>Fears of an Islamic revolt in Europe begin to fade<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/profile\/jasonburke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">Jason Burke<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span lang=\"EN\"><strong> in Paris and <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/profile\/iantraynor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span>Ian Traynor<\/span><\/strong><\/a><strong> in Brussels<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/observer.guardian.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">The Observer<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span lang=\"EN\"><strong>, Sunday 26 July 2009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/2009\/jul\/26\/radicalisation-european-muslims#history-byline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><strong>Article history<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\"><strong>Five years ago bombings and riots fuelled anxiety that Europe&rsquo;s Muslims were on the verge of mass radicalisation. Those predictions have not been borne out.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">A district of derelict warehouses, red-brick terraces, and vibrant street life on the canals near the centre of Brussels, Molenbeek was once known as Belgium&rsquo;s \u00ab\u00a0Little Manchester\u00a0\u00bb. These days it is better known as \u00ab\u00a0Little Morocco\u00a0\u00bb since the population is overwhelmingly Muslim and of North African origin. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">By day, the scene is one of children kicking balls on busy streets, of very fast, very small cars with very large sound systems. By night, the cafes and tea houses are no strangers to drug-dealers and mafia from the Maghreb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">For the politically active extreme right, and the anti-Islamic bloggers, Molenbeek is the nightmare shape of things to come: an incubator of tension and terrorism in Europe&rsquo;s capital, part of a wave of \u00ab\u00a0Islamisation\u00a0\u00bb supposedly sweeping Europe, from the great North Sea cities of Amsterdam and Rotterdam to Marseille and the Mediterranean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">The dire predictions of religious and identity-based mayhem reached their peak between 2004 and 2006, when bombs exploded in Madrid and London, a controversial film director was shot and stabbed to death in Amsterdam, and angry demonstrators marched against publication of satirical cartoons about the Prophet Muhammad. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">For Bruce Bawer, author of While Europe Slept, the continent&rsquo;s future was to \u00ab\u00a0tamely resign itself to a gradual transition to absolute sharia law\u00a0\u00bb. By the end of the century, warned Bernard Lewis, the famous American historian of<a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/islam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Islam<\/a>, \u00ab\u00a0Europe will be Islamic\u00a0\u00bb. The Daily Telegraph asked: \u00ab\u00a0Is France on the way to becoming an Islamic state?\u00a0\u00bb The Daily Mail described the riots that shook the nation in the autumn of 2005 as a \u00ab\u00a0Muslim intifada\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Yet a few years on, though a steady drumbeat of apocalyptic forecasts continues, such fears are beginning to look misplaced. The warnings focus on three elements: the terrorist threat posed by radical Muslim European populations; a cultural \u00ab\u00a0invasion\u00a0\u00bb due to a failure of integration; and demographic \u00ab\u00a0swamping\u00a0\u00bb by Muslim communities with high fertility rates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">A new poll by Gallup, one of the most comprehensive to date, shows that the feared mass radicalisation of the EU&rsquo;s 20-odd million Muslims has not taken place. Asked if violent attacks on civilians could be justified, 82% of French Muslims and 91% of German Muslims said no. The number who said violence could be used in a \u00ab\u00a0noble cause\u00a0\u00bb was broadly in line with the general population. Crucially, responses were not determined by religious practice &#8211; with no difference between devout worshippers and those for whom \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/religion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">religion<\/a> [was] not important\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u00ab\u00a0The numbers have been pretty steady over a number of years,\u00a0\u00bb said Gallup&rsquo;s Magali Rheault. \u00ab\u00a0It is important to separate the mainstream views from the actions of the fringe groups, who often receive disproportionate attention. Mainstream Muslims do not appear to exhibit extremist behaviour.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Polls always vary, and other surveys can be cited to point to higher degrees of extremism. There is also the point, made repeatedly by experts, that \u00ab\u00a0it only takes half a dozen for a bomb attack\u00a0\u00bb. There has also been a major surge in antisemitic attacks by young men from Muslim communities, especially in France. But there is nonetheless a sense, even among Europe&rsquo;s counterterror strategists, that the tide of radicalisation of young Muslim men may be ebbing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u00ab\u00a0We estimate about 10% of our Islamic population are in a dynamic of rejection of the west and Europe, 10% are more European than the Europeans, and about 80% are in the middle, just trying to get by,\u00a0\u00bb said Alain Bauer, a criminologist and security adviser to President Nicolas Sarkozy. \u00ab\u00a0The concern is less home-grown or imported terrorists, but states such as Iran,\u00a0\u00bb he said. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Last week the UK security threat was downgraded from \u00ab\u00a0severe\u00a0\u00bb (an attack is highly likely) to \u00ab\u00a0substantial\u00a0\u00bb (an attack is a strong possibility) &#8211; its lowest level since 9\/11. Officials say the shift, although relative, recognises the combined effects of the efforts of security services, and a backlash against violent extremism among Muslims in the UK. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">In the Netherlands, tension between the majority and the Muslim minority has redefined national politics in the past five years. The threat level last year was raised to the second highest level &#8211; in part because of the impact on Muslim communities of the success of the anti-Islamic politician Geert Wilders. Yet even here security services say they see \u00ab\u00a0the activities of homegrown [militant] cells being stable or diminishing because of a lack of leadership, and internal quarrelling\u00a0\u00bb. This is the view of Judith Sluiter, of the National Co-ordinator for Counterterrorism agency, who adds: \u00ab\u00a0The appeal of the radicals is declining. In the Moroccan community there is growing resistance to Islamic rejection [of Dutch society].\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">The Dutch AIVD intelligence service recently reported that among the country&rsquo;s other main Muslim immigrant community, from Turkey, \u00ab\u00a0resistance to radical Islamic ideologies remains strong &#8230; In the short and medium term, there is no danger these [extreme] religious ideas will find many receptive ears in the Dutch Turkish community\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">In the Molenbeek district of Brussels, Sebastiano Guzzone has also seen a change. In eight years of advising locals of their rights, the Italian lawyer has come across mass murderers from Rwanda; Belgian Moroccans believed to have arrived from terrorist training camps in the Afghan-Pakistan border zone; and a North African who disappeared to Iraq to die as a suicide bomber. That was then.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u00ab\u00a0I haven&rsquo;t seen anyone like that for a few years now,\u00a0\u00bb said Guzzone. \u00ab\u00a0The last Muslim fundamentalists I dealt with was in 2006. There&rsquo;s fewer and fewer of them. The problem is exaggerated.\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">For Kamel Bechik, who runs a Muslim Scout organisation in France&rsquo;s south-west where youngsters proudly salute the national flag every morning and evening &#8211; while fasting if they want to during the holy month of Ramadan &#8211; recent history speaks for itself. \u00ab\u00a0There are six million Muslims,\u00a0\u00bb said Bechik, 35. \u00ab\u00a0If the community had really become radicalised, it would have been pretty obvious.\u00a0\u00bb However, there are other issues that go well beyond counterterrorism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Christopher Caldwell, columnist at a conservative American review, the Weekly Standard, and author of Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: Immigration, Islam and the West, argues Europe is failing to face up to genuine and deep demographic and cultural change: \u00ab\u00a0It is too simple to talk about the Islamisation of Europe. This is about the transformation of European society,\u00a0\u00bb he told the Observer last week. Comparing immigration in Europe with the major waves of immigration in America of the late 19th and early 20th century, Caldwell said: \u00ab\u00a0There is no real reflection on where this is taking us.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">In Europe, many reject the criticism. \u00ab\u00a0We pose questions and we find answers,\u00a0\u00bb said Bauer. \u00ab\u00a0And the answer is saucisson, croissants and the French way of life.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Others say the terms of the debate are still undefined. \u00ab\u00a0Who is a European Muslim? Does a French second-generation immigrant shopkeeper of Moroccan Berber stock have much in common with an Iranian Shia female doctor living in Denmark, or a British Pakistani student or a German Turkish nightclub singer?\u00a0\u00bb asked a Dutch city councillor. \u00ab\u00a0We haven&rsquo;t decided yet.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Levels of religious observance also vary wildly. A government survey of German Muslims found only 10% of immigrants from south-east Europe pray every day, compared with more than half of those from North Africa. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">In France, a similar disparity of views led to a row within the Muslim community when the government announced it would ban the burka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Finally, there is a question of what integration means. The recent Gallup poll found European Muslim immigrants tend to stress social and economic questions &#8211; housing, jobs, access to education &#8211; as markers of integration, whereas the so-called \u00ab\u00a0host communities\u00a0\u00bb tend to stress morals and customs, such as attitudes to homosexuality, sex before marriage or pornography.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Despite frequent and heavily publicised rows, surveys have found that only a minority of European Muslim women are veiled, and the numbers are probably dropping. The German data suggests that, whereas a quarter of first-generation immigrant women wear a headscarf, only 18% of their daughters do.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Such processes are uneven. Caldwell cites figures that show \u00ab\u00a0only 8% of Turkish men who grow up in Germany marry German women and only 3% of Turkish women who grow up in Germany marry German men\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">But there are also more subtle ways that integration can work. Polls, for example, have found that Muslim communities are profoundly influenced by their countries of residence. So in France, where 45% of people said in a survey that adultery is morally acceptable, so did a high proportion of local Muslims. In Germany, where 73% of the population is opposed to capital punishment, the view was shared by exactly the same percentage of local Muslims. In Britain, where there is greater popular hostility to pornography, this is mirrored in the British Muslim community. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u00ab\u00a0National differences are very evident. French Muslims have absorbed the values of France, and are more secular than their German counterparts, for example,\u00a0\u00bb said Rheault. Over time, this trend deepens. The Dutch Statistics Bureau&rsquo;s last report on integration reported that in terms of norms, opinions and behaviour &#8230; second-generation [Dutch migrants] are much more orientated towards Dutch society than their parents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">One of the toughest questions is demographic. Many countries do not have clear statistics on ethnicity and race: the French Muslim population is thought to be between four and seven million, the Dutch around one million, the German between four and six million. No one doubts that Muslim populations have grown rapidly in recent decades. Some recent statistics in the UK point to a 20% increase in the past five years. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">But although demographers say Europe&rsquo;s youthful Muslim communities will continue to grow, they predict fertility rates will decline &#8211; as they have done among almost all other populations that experience higher levels of wealth, healthcare access and literacy. Carl Haub, senior demographer at the respected Population Reference Bureau, Washington, points to fertility rates in Muslim-majority countries such as Tunisia, Turkey, Algeria and Morocco that are only slightly higher than those in the UK and France.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u00ab\u00a0There is no reason why immigrants in Europe are going to have more kids than in their countries of origin,\u00a0\u00bb Haub told the Observer. One Dutch study has shown that birthrates among Turkish and Moroccan-born women in the Netherlands dropped from 3.2 children per mother to 1.9, and from 4.9 to 2.9 respectively between 1990 and 2005. More radical predictions, such as the claim there will be a Muslim majority in the EU in the next half century, are just \u00ab\u00a0plain silly\u00a0\u00bb, said Haub, as they depend on \u00ab\u00a0physically impossible\u00a0\u00bb rates of natural growth or \u00ab\u00a0politically impossible\u00a0\u00bb levels of mass immigration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">For more than 40 years, locals in the 12th arrondissement of Paris have bought fruit and vegetables from immigrant vendors at the March\u00e9 d&rsquo;Aligre. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Amos was 16 when he first started working at the market, running errands for his Tunisian-born parents. \u00ab\u00a0Integration? Politics? Religion? None of that here,\u00a0\u00bb he said yesterday. \u00ab\u00a0We&rsquo;re just trying to earn a living. The only people who get involved in religion are the ones with something on their conscience.\u00a0\u00bb Amos points out his two employees &#8211; one from Algeria, the other from Morocco. One is married to a French Catholic, the other to \u00ab\u00a0a black girl\u00a0\u00bb. At a nearby meat shop is a poster telling clients to order a ready-slaughtered sheep for Ramadan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Anis Bouabsa, a baker who supplies the presidential palace with breakfast patisserie, said he will be fasting for Ramadan while he makes bread for his clients. \u00ab\u00a0It&rsquo;s my roots, my culture, that&rsquo;s how I grew up,\u00a0\u00bb he said. \u00ab\u00a0But I&rsquo;ll still be in the bakery 12 hours a day.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">However, if integration is more successful than the stereotype in matters of values and culture, it may be failing in social and economic terms. Unemployment and poverty are high for immigrant groups across the EU. Across Paris, in the poorer quarter around M\u00e9nilmontant market, there is no saucisson, no croissants and a lot of cheap cutlery, clothes and couscous. \u00ab\u00a0We are always told things will get better, but they never do,\u00a0\u00bb said Awadif, 33. \u00ab\u00a0Life&rsquo;s tough. You get by with some luck and some faith.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">What is certain is that, even if the dark predictions are proved wrong, a different Europe is emerging, \u00ab\u00a0It is not about foreigners taking over. It may be good, it may be bad, but there is going to be change,\u00a0\u00bb said Caldwell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN\">Islam and Europe<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">Muslim relations with and within Europe have been complex. Periods of peaceful coexistence have alternated with war, commercial and intellectual exchange with expulsion and competition. The Muslim population within what came to be known as \u00ab\u00a0Europe\u00a0\u00bb has grown steadily.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u2022 In the eighth century the Umayyad empire expanded along the northern Mediterranean shore into what is now southern Spain. The Muslim kingdoms of Andaluc\u00eda survived until Granada finally fell in 1492.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u2022 Between the 11th and 13th centuries European crusaders such as Richard the Lionheart fought their way across the Holy Land. Yet trading contacts thrived despite the hostilities. The famous spice and silk routes meant a flow of words, ideas and practices from the Islamic world into Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u2022 In 1453 Constantinople fell to the Ottomans, sparking a new period of Islamic expansion. By 1529 the Turks were outside Vienna. This did not stop France&rsquo;s monarch, Francis I, allying with the Muslim Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Magnificent to fight against Charles V of Spain. After many campaigns, the Ottoman Turks were beaten outside Vienna in 1683.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u2022 By the 18th century, as European powers began carving up their empire, the Turks were no longer seen as a threat. Immigration to Europe grew steadily, especially towards the end of the 19th century as nations began to industrialise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN\">\u2022 After the second world war, Muslim colonies became a source of cheap labour for reconstruction. Later, restrictions were imposed on entry.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 align=\"justify\" style=\"color: blue;\"><span lang=\"EN\"><em>Terror and tension<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">11 September 2001<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> Hijackers who met and were radicalised in Hamburg, Germany, hijack four US jets and kill some 3,000 people in total.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">February 2003<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> Millions of people across the world protest at the US invasion of Iraq by staging demonstrations. The anti-war march in London attracts around one million protesters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">February 2004<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> France provokes a storm of controversy by passing a law that prohibits wearing the Islamic hijab in state schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">11 March 2004<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> Bombs by Islamist extremists are set off on trains in Madrid killing 202.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">2 November 2004<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> Theo van Gogh who had made a film about Islamic violence towards women, is murdered in Amsterdam by a young Dutch Muslim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">7 July 2005<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> Four suicide bombers set off three bombs on the London underground and one on a bus killing themselves and 52 others. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">October-November 2005<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> Riots in poor neighbourhoods in Paris and other French cities, which saw clashes with police and cars set alight, are blamed on Muslims.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">October 2006<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> The Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten publishes cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad, prompting Muslim anger and global protests. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">January 2009<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> Anger over an Israeli offensive in Gaza &#8211; in which more than 1,300 Palestinians and 13 Israelis were killed &#8211; leads to a rise in antisemitic incidents in Britain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\">June 2009<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN\"> Right-wing parties across Europe enjoy new support in the EU elections. In Britain, the far-right BNP wins two seats in the European Parliament.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN\">(Source: \u00ab\u00a0Guardian.co.uk &amp; The Observer\u00a0\u00bb 26 July 2009)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN\">Lien:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/2009\/jul\/26\/radicalisation-european-muslims\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/2009\/jul\/26\/radicalisation-european-muslims<\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font><\/font><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/font><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h3 style=\"color: blue;\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong><b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/\"><font face=\"Arial\"><span><font size=\"2\">Home<\/font><\/span><font size=\"2\"><span lang=\"FR-CH\"> &#8211; Accueil <\/span><span>&#8211; <\/span><\/font><\/font><span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-SA\"><font size=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/font><\/span><\/a><\/b><\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home &#8211; Accueil \u00a0 TUNISNEWS 9\u00a0\u00e8me ann\u00e9e,N\u00b0\u00a03351 du 26.07.2009 \u00a0archives : www.tunisnews.net\u00a0\u00a0 AISPP: La livraison de Tarek Herzi et la responsabilit\u00e9 du nouveau gouvernement am\u00e9ricain Kalima: Decrease of industrial production Kalima: Jandouba : L.M.D system\u2019s graduates did not receive their diploma Kalima: Kassrine: punishment of unionists does not protect a director from relocation Kalima: Independent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[59,40,29],"class_list":["post-19415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-59","tag-40","tag-fr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19415"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19415\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}