{"id":18770,"date":"2006-11-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-11-24T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/24-novembre-2006\/"},"modified":"2006-11-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2006-11-24T00:00:00","slug":"24-novembre-2006","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/24-novembre-2006\/","title":{"rendered":"24 novembre 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><html><head><meta content=\"text\/html\" description=\" incarc\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 \n  la prison de Monastir, et qui a pass\u00e9 plus de quinze ans en prison pour son \n  appartenance au mouvement de la Nahdha, nous a inform\u00e9s que l\u2019\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 de \n  son mari s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9grad\u00e9 en raison de sa gr\u00e8ve de la faim illimit\u00e9e commenc\u00e9e \n  le 5 novembre 2006 pour exiger sa lib\u00e9ration et protester contre les mauvaises \n  conditions carc\u00e9rales qui sont les siennes depuis longtemps. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \n  transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de la prison de Mehdia \u00e0 celle de Monastir apr\u00e8s avoir commenc\u00e9 sa \n  gr\u00e8ve. Son \u00e9pouse a dit qu\u2019il ne tenait pas debout et qu\u2019il souffrait \n  d\u2019allergie en raison du nombre de fumeurs dans sa cellule. Ils sont vingt \n  personnes dans une cellule ne d\u00e9passant pas les vingt m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s.\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\"\/><\/head><body><body><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\"><span>Home<\/span><span lang=\"FR-CH\"> &#8211; Accueil <\/span><span>&#8211; <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<tr>\n<td bgcolor=\"#efefef\" width=\"100%\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\"> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\">  <\/div>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\"> <\/p>\n<div align=\"center\" dir=\"ltr\"> <font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"2\"> <span lang=\"SV\"> <strong>TUNISNEWS<\/strong><\/span> <\/font><\/font> <\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" dir=\"ltr\"> <strong><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"2\">7\u00a0\u00e8me\u00a0ann\u00e9e,          <span lang=\"FR\">N\u00b0\u00a02377 du 24.11.2006<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<p> <strong> <\/p>\n<div align=\"center\" dir=\"ltr\"> <b><span><blink> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">\u00a0archives : <\/font> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\" target=\"_blank\">          www.tunisnews.net<\/font><\/a><\/blink><\/span><\/b><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<hr\/><\/div>\n<div align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\"> <span lang=\"FR\"><font size=\"3\"> <span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-SA\"> <font size=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0AISPP: Communiqu\u00e9           <font>C.R.L.D.H. Tunisie: FLASH-INFOS<\/font>           Luiza Toscane: Erreur sur la personne !           <font>Ramla: Moment Tant Attendu &#8211; Lib\u00e9ration De H.           Ben Abdelmalek<\/font>           Houcine Ghali: Un seul terrain de foot vetuiste pour 49.000 habitants           a jebeniana!!           <font>Nawaat: The War over the Veil in Tunisia<\/font>           AFP: Terrorisme: divergences Nord-Sud \u00e0 une r\u00e9union parlementaire           m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne           <font>AFP: L&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie press\u00e9e de prendre sa part du           g\u00e2teau touristique mondial<\/font>           Lib\u00e9ration: Tour de vis en Alg\u00e9rie &#8211; Les sanctions seront durcies et           les \u00e9coutes et perquisitions l\u00e9galis\u00e9es           <font>Le Monde: Six imams expuls\u00e9s d&rsquo;un avion pour           avoir pri\u00e9 \u00e0 Minneapolis<\/font><\/strong><\/font><\/span><span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-SA\"><\/span><\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<p> <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<p><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">\u00a0<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"> <font size=\"2\"><strong>Libert\u00e9 pour Mohammed Abbou   <span>Libert\u00e9 pour tous les prisonniers politiques<\/span><\/strong><\/font><strong><font>\u00a0     <\/font><span><font size=\"2\">  Association Internationale de Soutien aux Prisonniers Politiques<\/font><\/span> <font><font size=\"2\">33 rue Mokhtar Atya, 1001, Tunis   Tel : 71 340 860, Fax : 71 354 984      Le 2411.2006<\/font> <\/font>Communiqu\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>  \u00a0<\/p>\n<p> <font>Madame Souha\u00efla Makhlouf, \u00e9pouse du prisonnier politique  <strong><font>Bouraoui Makhlouf,<\/font><\/strong> incarc\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0   la prison de Monastir, et qui a pass\u00e9 plus de quinze ans en prison pour son   appartenance au mouvement de la Nahdha, nous a inform\u00e9s que l\u2019\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 de   son mari s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9grad\u00e9 en raison de sa gr\u00e8ve de la faim illimit\u00e9e commenc\u00e9e   le 5 novembre 2006 pour exiger sa lib\u00e9ration et protester contre les mauvaises   conditions carc\u00e9rales qui sont les siennes depuis longtemps. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9   transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de la prison de Mehdia \u00e0 celle de Monastir apr\u00e8s avoir commenc\u00e9 sa   gr\u00e8ve. Son \u00e9pouse a dit qu\u2019il ne tenait pas debout et qu\u2019il souffrait   d\u2019allergie en raison du nombre de fumeurs dans sa cellule. Ils sont vingt   personnes dans une cellule ne d\u00e9passant pas les vingt m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s.   L\u2019AISPP, qui n\u2019a eu de cesse d\u2019alerter sur le danger qu\u2019il y avait \u00e0 m\u00e9langer   prisonniers fumeurs et non-fumeurs, ces derniers contractant asthme, voire   cancers de la gorge ou des poumons, exige la lib\u00e9ration de tous les   prisonniers d\u2019opinion, que soit enfin tourn\u00e9e la page du pass\u00e9, et en   attendant, exige l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions d\u2019incarc\u00e9ration, qui passe par   la s\u00e9paration entre fumeurs et non-fumeurs.   Le pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Association<\/font> <font><strong>Ma\u00eetre Mohammed Nouri   <\/strong><\/font><font>(traduction ni revue ni corrig\u00e9e par les   auteurs de la version en arabe, LT)<\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/font><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <a><b> <span lang=\"DE\">  C.R.L.D.H.\u00a0Tunisie<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"> <b><span lang=\"DE\">  \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"> <span lang=\"FR\">Comit\u00e9 pour le   Respect des Libert\u00e9s et des Droits de l\u2019Homme en Tunisie<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"> <b><span lang=\"FR\">Membre du   R\u00e9seau Euro m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des Droits de l\u2019Homme<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">21ter   rue Voltaire \u2013 FR-75011 PARIS\u00a0 &#8211; Tel\/Fax : 00.33. (0)1.43.72.97.34<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span> <a href=\"mailto:contact@crldht.org\"><span lang=\"FR\">contact@crldht.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">   \/ <\/span><span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.crldht.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.crldht.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"> <b><span lang=\"FR\"><font size=\"3\">  FLASH-INFOS<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">24 novembre   2006<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">  \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La vie du prisonnier politique Mr H\u00e9di GHALI est en danger.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <font><b> <span lang=\"FR\">  \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Des centaines de jeunes tunisiens arr\u00eat\u00e9s, tortur\u00e9s et condamn\u00e9s \u00e0   des lourdes peines, en vertu de la loi dite \u00ab\u00a0antiterroriste\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">  \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La r\u00e9pression continue \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des militants de la   centrale\u00a0syndicale \u00e9tudiante.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">  \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Le Conseil National pour les Libert\u00e9s en Tunisie (CNLT) est en butte   \u00e0 un harc\u00e8lement sans fin.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">  \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Un passeport pour Kamel JENDOUBI.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">_________________<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b> <span lang=\"FR\">La   vie du prisonnier politique H\u00e9di EL GHALI est en danger<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le prisonnier   politique, <b>H\u00e9di EL GHALI<\/b>, 57 ans, est en gr\u00e8ve de la faim depuis le 5   novembre dernier pour protester contre ses conditions inhumaines   d\u2019incarc\u00e9ration et obtenir sa\u00a0 lib\u00e9ration inconditionnelle et sans d\u00e9lai et   avec lui, celle de <b>Abdelhamid Djelassi<\/b>, <b>Bouraoui Makhlouf<\/b> et <b>  Salah Gsouma.<\/b>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Arr\u00eat\u00e9s aux d\u00e9but   des ann\u00e9es 90 pour leur appartenance, en tant que dirigeants, au\u00a0 mouvement   Ennahda, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s\u00a0 \u00e0 l\u2019emprisonnement \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9 lors\u00a0 d\u2019un   proc\u00e8s qui, entach\u00e9 de graves irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s, a abouti \u00e0 un jugement inique.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Apr\u00e8s avoir fait   le tour des prisons tunisiennes, ils se trouvent actuellement \u00e0 la prison de   Mahdia, connue pour la politique arrogante et muscl\u00e9e de son administration et   notamment\u00a0 celle de son directeur.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Durant ces quinze   ans d\u2019emprisonnement, leurs familles, \u00e0 commencer par leurs \u00e9pouses et   enfants, ont v\u00e9cu un calvaire sans fin fait de harc\u00e8lements, d\u2019humiliations et   de privation de leurs droits les plus \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">H\u00e9di EL GHALI<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0   a, quant \u00e0 lui, observ\u00e9 plusieurs gr\u00e8ves de la faim pour r\u00e9clamer le statut de   prisonnier politique. Il est actuellement soumis \u00e0\u00a0 un isolement total et   souffre d\u2019un ulc\u00e8re aigu qui s\u2019est aggrav\u00e9 en raison d\u2019un manque total de   soins. Cette gr\u00e8ve de la faim a d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9 son \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 qui inspire une   profonde inqui\u00e9tude depuis qu\u2019il a crach\u00e9 du sang \u00e0 plusieurs reprises, dans   l\u2019indiff\u00e9rence totale de l\u2019administration p\u00e9nitentiaire. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Pour r\u00e9pondre aux   revendications l\u00e9gitimes des gr\u00e9vistes, celle-ci a pris la d\u00e9cision de les   s\u00e9parer. C\u2019est ainsi que <b><span>Abdelhamid Djelassi<\/span><\/b><span>   et <b>Bouraoui Makhlouf <\/b>ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s vers la prison de Messaadine   et\u00a0 <b>Salah Gsouma<\/b> \u00e0 la prison de Monastir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">  Quant aux familles qui se sont vues interdites de visite sous pr\u00e9texte que   leurs proches refusent de les rencontrer, elles sont tenues dans l\u2019ignorance   totale quant \u00e0 ces transferts et les prisons o\u00f9 se trouvent les leurs. Elles   vivent dans l\u2019angoisse et craignent le pire puisque les gr\u00e9vistes n\u2019ont pas   l\u2019intention d\u2019arr\u00eater leur action.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">   \u00a0Tout en saluant le courage de <b>H\u00e9di El Ghali<\/b> et de tous ces hommes dans   leur combat pour la libert\u00e9 et la dignit\u00e9, le CRLDHT consid\u00e8re que cette   injustice a trop dur\u00e9; il exige la lib\u00e9ration imm\u00e9diate de tous les   prisonniers politiques qui payent tr\u00e8s cher le prix de leurs choix et   engagements politiques depuis pr\u00e8s de deux d\u00e9cennies et la promulgation d\u2019une   loi d\u2019amnistie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale comme premier pas vers l\u2019assainissement d\u2019un climat   politique \u00e9touffant, proche de l\u2019explosion.       \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le CRLDHT exprime   \u00e0 la famille <b>El Ghali<\/b> et notamment \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re Kamel et \u00e0 toutes les   familles des diff\u00e9rents prisonniers politiques et d\u2019opinion, son soutien   ind\u00e9fectible et son engagement \u00e0 leurs c\u00f4t\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration de leurs   proches. Il exhorte par la m\u00eame occasion toutes les organisations de droits de   l\u2019homme, nationales et internationales, \u00e0 se mobiliser\u00a0 pour mettre fin \u00e0   cette injustice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <b> <span lang=\"FR\">  Des centaines de jeunes Tunisiens arr\u00eat\u00e9s, tortur\u00e9s et condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de lourdes   peines, en vertu de la loi dite \u00ab\u00a0antiterroriste\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">D\u2019apr\u00e8s une   d\u00e9claration publique d\u2019Amnesty International, parue le 15 novembre dernier,\u00a0   quelque 400 jeunes Tunisiens croupissent en prison apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s,   tortur\u00e9s et souvent tenus au secret, en application de cette\u00a0 loi sc\u00e9l\u00e9rate de   d\u00e9cembre 2003 qui fait perdre tout sens au droit, sans compter, au moins 100   autres d\u00e9tenus politiques appartenant au mouvement Ennahda, toujours   incarc\u00e9r\u00e9s en raison de leur opposition politique.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Une fois encore   l\u2019arsenal r\u00e9pressif du pouvoir s\u2019est mis en place pour remplir de nouveau les   prisons tunisiennes par des jeunes, pour la plupart \u00e9l\u00e8ves et \u00e9tudiants,   coupables de s\u2019\u00eatre accoutum\u00e9s \u00e0 faire leurs pri\u00e8res et de pratiquer leur   religion. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9, pour la plupart,\u00a0 jug\u00e9s pour des intentions et des   visites de sites d\u2019armement, preuve \u00e9vidente de leurs culpabilit\u00e9s. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Tous, \u00e0 leur   arrestation, ont subi la torture durant des jours et des semaines au minist\u00e8re   de l&rsquo;Int\u00e9rieur et dans les diff\u00e9rents postes de polices soumis aux supplices   de la baignoire, suspensions et menaces de viols&#8230;pour des crimes qu&rsquo;ils   n\u2019ont\u00a0 pas commis\u2026Peu importe les pi\u00e8ces \u00e0 conviction contenues dans les   dossiers, ces jeunes sont suspects depuis le premier jour o\u00f9 ils ont mis le   pied dans une mosqu\u00e9e, car faire la pri\u00e8re en Tunisie est, aujourd\u2019hui, source   de suspicion. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Cette longue s\u00e9rie   d\u2019affaires est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un scandale judiciaire dans tout Etat de droit qui   respecte ses concitoyens\u00a0; c\u2019est une politique de r\u00e9pression aveugle qui   pr\u00e9pare au pire et ouvre grandes les portes de la violence et de l\u2019instabilit\u00e9   qu\u2019ils pr\u00e9tendent combattre. Et c\u2019est pourquoi la d\u00e9cision\u00a0 politique de   d\u00e9sertifier les champs politiques, associatifs, culturels \u2026et de vider les   diff\u00e9rentes institutions juridiques, universitaires, syndicales et autres de   leur sens et de leurs fonctions est plus que jamais en marche\u00a0; il suffit de   se rappeler ce qu\u2019endurent les partis politiques d\u2019opposition ainsi que les   organisations nationales de d\u00e9fense de droits humains \u00e0 commencer par la Ligue   Tunisienne des Droits de l\u2019Homme (LTDH) et le Conseil National pour les   Libert\u00e9s en Tunisie (CNLT).\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">La   derni\u00e8re affaire en date a eu lieu ces derniers jours. Le 13 novembre 2006, le   Tribunal de Premi\u00e8re Instance de Tunis a prononc\u00e9 son jugement\u00a0 \u00e0 l\u2019encontre   d\u2019un groupe de prisonniers d\u2019opinion en vertu des dispositions de cette loi   dite antiterroriste.\u00a0 <strong><span>Mohammed   Zineddine, Mohammed Mehdi Hammami<\/span><span>,  <\/span><span>Yassine Ferchichi, Ridha Bejaoui et   Nizar Mernis<\/span><\/strong><b> <\/b>ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 une peine de huit ans   d\u2019emprisonnement pour appartenance \u00e0 une organisation en relation avec le   terrorisme. <strong><span>Borhan Dridi, Sami   Gharbi, Salaheddine Ouni, Ahmed Chabbi<\/span><\/strong> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 coupables de   n\u2019avoir pas alert\u00e9 les autorit\u00e9s concern\u00e9es des informations et directives sur   la commission d\u2019un crime de terrorisme et condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 six mois de prison   ferme.Tous sont astreints au contr\u00f4le administratif \u00e0 l\u2019expiration de leur   peine, pour une dur\u00e9e de 5 ans pour les quatre derniers\u00a0 et pour une dur\u00e9e de   dix ans pour les autres. Ceux-ci sont priv\u00e9s du droit de vote pendant cinq   ans. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le   CRLDHT d\u00e9nonce avec la plus grande vigueur cette d\u00e9rive mafieuse et cette   politique de d\u00e9linquance qui prennent notre jeunesse comme otage et lui font   payer cher son combat pour la dignit\u00e9 et la citoyennet\u00e9.\u00a0Il consid\u00e8re que ces   m\u00e9thodes politiques sont r\u00e9v\u00e9latrices d\u2019une profonde d\u00e9cadence des m\u0153urs   politiques dans notre pays.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\"> <font>\u00a0<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\"> <font>La r\u00e9pression continue \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des militants de la   centrale\u00a0syndicale \u00e9tudiante<\/font> <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">L\u2019Union g\u00e9n\u00e9rale   des \u00e9tudiants tunisiens (UGET) est, depuis quelques temps, dans le collimateur   du pouvoir politique tunisien\u00a0 en raison, sans doute, de la lutte que m\u00e8nent   ses militants pour garantir, lors de leur prochain congr\u00e8s, une ind\u00e9pendance   r\u00e9elle et effective de leur organisation. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le mercredi 15   novembre, une s\u00e9rie d\u2019arrestations a eu lieu \u00e0 Gafsa, dans le sud tunisien,   touchant des jeunes syndicalistes, sympathisants du Parti communiste ouvrier   tunisien (PCOT) dont<span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<b>Kamel Amroussia<\/b>,   \u00e9tudiant en 3<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> ann\u00e9e \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de droit de Sfax, membre du   bureau ex\u00e9cutif de l\u2019UGET, <b>Belgacem Ben Abdallah<\/b>,\u00a0 \u00e9tudiant en 3<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>   cycle \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 des sciences de Tunis, membre du bureau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et   coordinateur du groupe d\u2019Amnesty International de la cit\u00e9 Ettadhamoun, \u00a0<b>Anis   Ben Fraj<\/b>, \u00e9tudiant \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 des Lettres de Kairouan et militant de   l\u2019UGET, <b>Mohamed Ezzedini<\/b>, \u00e9tudiant \u00e0 l\u2019institut d\u2019administration de   Gafsa<b>, \u00a0Ta\u00efeb<\/b> <b>Bouchagra<\/b>, \u00e9tudiant \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 des sciences de   Gafsa, <b>Ghanem Chra\u00efti<\/b>, \u00e9tudiant \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 des sciences \u00e9conomiques   et de gestion de Sfax et <b>Taha Sassi<\/b>, ex d\u00e9tenu d\u2019opinion et membre   actif du bureau ex\u00e9cutif de l\u2019UGET. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Tous   ont comparu hier, le mardi 21 novembre 2006 devant le tribunal de premi\u00e8re   instance de Gafsa avec deux autres inculp\u00e9s en libert\u00e9. Il s\u2019agit de <b>Ali   Tabbabi, <\/b>fonctionnaire \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 des sciences de Gafsa et <b>Mohamed   Kham\u00e8s Amroussia<\/b>,\u00a0 \u00e9tudiant en deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de Lettres \u00e0 Sousse. Ils   sont jug\u00e9s pour tenue de r\u00e9unions non autoris\u00e9es, troubles \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public,\u00a0   atteinte aux m\u0153urs et jet d\u2019objets solides\u00a0!!<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Onze   avocats ont assist\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019audience et ont demand\u00e9 la mise en libert\u00e9 des   pr\u00e9venus et le report du proc\u00e8s. Le tribunal a rejet\u00e9 la lib\u00e9ration des   inculp\u00e9s et renvoy\u00e9 le proc\u00e8s au mardi 28 novembre 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Les   familles et proches des victimes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdits d\u2019acc\u00e8s au tribunal, alors   qu\u2019ils ont fait des centaines de kilom\u00e8tres pour assister leurs enfants. En   outre, les environs du tribunal \u00e9taient sous haute surveillance polici\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">A   cette occasion, plusieurs gr\u00e8ves et protestations \u00e9tudiantes ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 ce   m\u00eame mardi dans diff\u00e9rentes facult\u00e9s et \u00e9coles universitaires pour exprimer   leurs col\u00e8res et exiger la lib\u00e9ration imm\u00e9diate de leurs camarades.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">En   plus de ces proc\u00e8s iniques foment\u00e9s de toutes pi\u00e8ces afin de faire taire toute   revendication l\u00e9gitime d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance syndicale, d\u2019autres mesures r\u00e9pressives   ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des dirigeants syndicaux. C\u2019est le cas de <b>Sami   Amroussia<\/b>, militant actif de l\u2019UGET, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 injustement expuls\u00e9 de son   universit\u00e9 en raison\u00a0 de ses activit\u00e9s syndicales et\u00a0 condamn\u00e9 mardi dernier \u00e0   2 mois avec sursis. Il observe une gr\u00e8ve de la faim depuis le 30 octobre   dernier pour exiger son droit aux \u00e9tudes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le CRLDHT, tout en   insistant sur la gravit\u00e9 de la situation politique et judiciaire, au bord de   l\u2019explosion, d\u00e9nonce avec fermet\u00e9 cette instrumentalisation grotesque de la   justice, devenu un outil de r\u00e9pression entre les mains de la dictature qui met   en p\u00e9ril l\u2019image et les int\u00e9r\u00eats de la Tunisie\u00a0; il assure toutes ces victimes   et leurs familles de son soutien et de sa solidarit\u00e9 face \u00e0 l\u2019injustice qui   les frappe. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le   CRLDHT exprime son soutien \u00e0 tous ces jeunes \u00e9tudiants dans leur lutte pour   l\u2019autonomie et l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de leur organisation syndicale et exige des   autorit\u00e9s leur lib\u00e9ration imm\u00e9diate et sans conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  \u00a0<\/p>\n<p> <b> <span lang=\"FR\">Le   Conseil National pour les Libert\u00e9s en Tunisie (CNLT) est en butte \u00e0 des   tracasseries sans fin\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Bien   que priv\u00e9 de reconnaissance l\u00e9gale, le Conseil National pour les Libert\u00e9s en   Tunisie (CNLT) demeure une organisation nationale de notori\u00e9t\u00e9, qui a fait ses   preuves dans la d\u00e9fense des droits humains et la lutte pour les libert\u00e9s.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">  Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation le 10 d\u00e9cembre 1998, le CNLT est devenu une des cibles   privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es du pouvoir politique tunisien\u00a0; son si\u00e8ge et ses membres sont   depuis en surveillance constante et ses travaux et manifestations, qu\u2019il   soient publics ou priv\u00e9s, sont\u00a0 interdits. Ses dirigeants sont souvent pris \u00e0   part et violent\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">  Cette surveillance polici\u00e8re et ce harc\u00e8lement continu n\u2019ont pas emp\u00each\u00e9 ses   diff\u00e9rents animateurs et d\u00e9fenseurs d\u2019assumer leur r\u00f4le dans l\u2019\u00e9coute et la   protection des victimes et de leurs familles et la d\u00e9nonciation publique de   toutes les atteintes \u00e0 travers des rapports, des missions d\u2019observation et des   travaux de diverse nature ; ceci a fait de cette organisation un v\u00e9ritable   refuge pour toutes les victimes de la r\u00e9pression qui d\u00e9fient au quotidien les   menaces des policiers et viennent en nombre rencontrer les responsables de   l\u2019organisation.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">  Mais, depuis quelques semaines, la situation s\u2019est encore empir\u00e9e et la   surveillance polici\u00e8re du si\u00e8ge s\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement renforc\u00e9e. Ainsi le   local du CNLT a \u00e9t\u00e9 assi\u00e9g\u00e9 les 1<sup>er<\/sup>\u00a0 et 2 novembre 2006 par un   impressionnant dispositif policier venant interdire l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 tous les membres   de l\u2019organisation\u00a0; mais aussi aux diff\u00e9rentes\u00a0 victimes et familles de   prisonniers qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emp\u00each\u00e9es d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux bureaux\u00a0;\u00a0 d\u2019autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9   harcel\u00e9es \u00e0 la sortie de l\u2019immeuble et conduites au commissariat de police   sous la menace et les insultes. C\u2019est le cas de Mme Zeineb Chebli, m\u00e8re de\u00a0   Khaled Arfaoui, prisonnier politique ou de Mr Ahmed Ghazouani, p\u00e8re de Ghaith   Ghazouani, prisonnier politique.\u00a0 Mme Sarra Lazghad, \u00e9pouse du prisonnier   Khaled Layouni, et Mme Manal Mekki, s\u0153ur du prisonnier politique Ghaith Mekki,   ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites au poste de police de la rue de Cologne o\u00f9 on les a accul\u00e9s   \u00e0 signer un engagement de ne plus mettre les pieds dans ce local.    La liste est encore longue \u2026A cela s\u2019ajoute toute une s\u00e9rie de mesures   r\u00e9pressives dont le but n\u2019est autre que l\u2019an\u00e9antissement total de cette jeune   organisation\u00a0: confiscation du courrier, coupure ou d\u00e9rangement de la ligne   t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique, coupure de la connexion Internet\u2026bref, les proc\u00e9dures   habituelles des d\u00e9linquants politiques qui s\u2019inscrivent dans un contexte de   r\u00e9pression syst\u00e9matique de tous les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains et qui font   la honte de la Tunisie. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le   CRLDHT d\u00e9nonce vigoureusement ces actes de harc\u00e8lement et d\u2019humiliation \u00e0   l\u2019encontre de militantes et militants du CNLT et notamment de sa porte parole   Madame Sihem Ben Sedrine\u00a0; il exige des\u00a0 autorit\u00e9s\u00a0 de respecter ses   engagements internationaux dont la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de   l\u2019Homme et des instruments internationaux relatifs. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b> <span lang=\"FR\">Un   passeport pour Kamel JENDOUBI\u00a0!<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le Comit\u00e9 pour le   respect des libert\u00e9s et des Droits de l\u2019Homme en Tunisie (CRLDHT) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 est   partie prenante de la campagne internationale de sensibilisation en faveur de   son pr\u00e9sident et porte parole Mr <b>Kamel JENDOUBI<\/b>,\u00a0 priv\u00e9 de passeport et   forc\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019exil depuis plus de dix ans. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Cette initiative a   \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e par le <strong> <span>RESEAU   EURO-MEDITERRANEEN DES DROITS DE L&rsquo;HOMME et l\u2019OBSERVATOIRE POUR LA PROTECTION   DES DEFENSEURS DES DROITS DE L&rsquo;HOMME (FIDH-OMCT) <\/span><\/strong>suite<b> <\/b>  \u00e0 la d\u00e9marche entreprise par la Ligue tunisienne de d\u00e9fense des Droits de   l\u2019Homme (LTDH) et l\u2019association tunisiennes des femmes d\u00e9mocrates (ATFD). Son   objectif est d\u2019interpeller les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes onusiens de d\u00e9fense des   droits humains, les diverses institutions europ\u00e9ennes et de les solliciter   afin d\u2019intervenir aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes au sujet du passeport de   notre ami. <b>Kamel JENDOUBI<\/b>, et leur refus arbitraire de le lui octroyer.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Depuis mars 2000,   les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes refusent le renouvellement du passeport de notre ami  <b>Kamel <span>Jendoubi<\/span><\/b><span>,<\/span>   le privant ainsi du droit \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de circulation et du retour \u00e0 sa terre   natale. Cette d\u00e9cision arbitraire qui l\u2019a emp\u00each\u00e9 en 2004 d\u2019assister aux   fun\u00e9railles de son p\u00e8re, est survenue apr\u00e8s une s\u00e9rie de campagnes m\u00e9diatiques   calomnieuses bien orchestr\u00e9es de la part des journaux de caniveau portant   atteinte \u00e0 son int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et \u00e0 son honneur. Est venu par la suite le r\u00f4le de la   \u00ab\u00a0 justice\u00a0\u00bb pour prendre part \u00e0 la punition et le poursuivre pour   \u00ab\u00a0Diffamation des autorit\u00e9s publiques et judiciaires\u00a0\u00bb sans toutefois prendre   la peine de l\u2019informer ou de le saisir officiellement de cette poursuite   judiciaire\u00a0! <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le CRLDHT   consid\u00e8re que ces mesures prises \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de son pr\u00e9sident sont, \u00e0 tous   points de vue, contraires aux droits humains ainsi qu\u2019aux\u00a0 normes juridiques   de l\u2019ordre national et international.\u00a0 <span>Il rappelle   que le droit de disposer d\u2019un passeport est un droit inali\u00e9nable et que la   libert\u00e9 de circuler est une libert\u00e9 fondamentale garantie par la constitution   du pays et par les conventions internationales que la Tunisie a ratifi\u00e9es.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Il\u00a0   affirme que le droit de la d\u00e9fense est un droit sacr\u00e9 et qu\u2019il est intol\u00e9rable   que les autorit\u00e9s engagent des poursuites judiciaires contre un citoyen   tunisien r\u00e9sidant en France sans qu\u2019il en soit avis\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Il   s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve contre cet acharnement des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes \u00e0 r\u00e9primer, par des\u00a0   moyens divers et des voies multiples et d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es tous les d\u00e9fenseurs des   droits humains, Hommes et Femmes, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays comme \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur,   un acharnement qui va en s\u2019amplifiant puisque la situation politique actuelle   ne pr\u00e9sage rien de bon. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le   CRLDHT\u00a0 exige des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes l\u2019arr\u00eat de ces mesures arbitraires   \u00a0qui nuisent \u00e0 la Tunisie et promet la poursuite de la mobilisation jusqu\u2019au   r\u00e9tablissement de notre ami dans ses droits les plus \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires \u00e0 la   circulation et \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0  <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Paris, le   24\/11\/2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">  _________________________________________________   C.R.L.D.H. Tunisie<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"FR\">   Comit\u00e9 pour le Respect des Libert\u00e9s et des Droits de l&rsquo;Homme en Tunisie   membre du R\u00e9seau Euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des Droits de l&rsquo;Homme      21ter rue Voltaire &#8211; FR-75011 PARIS &#8211; Tel\/Fax : 00.33.(0)1.43.72.97.34   contact@crldht.org \/ <\/span><span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.crldht.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.crldht.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\"><strong> <font>(Source: La liste de diffusion du Maghreb des Droits de   l\u00b4Homme\u00a0 le 24 novembre 2006)<\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">Erreur sur la personne !<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>  \u00a0<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div align=\"justify\">    Comme chaque jeudi, Samia Abbou s\u2019est rendue jeudi 23 novembre \u00e0 la prison     du Kef pour rendre visite \u00e0 son mari. Une meilleure nouvelle l\u2019attendait     puisque Mohammed Abbou avait \u00e9t\u00e9 emmen\u00e9 au d\u00e9but de la semaine \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital     du Kef pour passer des examens et subir des analyses m\u00e9dicales, ce que lui,     sa famille et ses soutiens r\u00e9clamaient en vain depuis des mois. Il n\u2019en     conna\u00eet pas encore les r\u00e9sultats mais cette petite avanc\u00e9e laisse esp\u00e9rer     que les traitements appropri\u00e9s soulageront ses douleurs et qu\u2019un traitement     digne de ce nom lui sera enfin prodigu\u00e9.     Reste que la vigilance est toujours de mise, d\u2019abord pour exiger qu\u2019il ait     enfin droit \u00e0 la visite directe que son \u00e9pouse r\u00e9clame aupr\u00e8s du minist\u00e8re     de la Justice, et enfin pour que soit mis fin au si\u00e8ge policier de son     domicile et le harc\u00e8lement de sa famille. Hier, Samia Abbou n\u2019\u00e9tait pas     accompagn\u00e9e, comme ce fut souvent le cas, par des amis. Elle s\u2019est rendue en     louage au Kef. La police, omnipr\u00e9sente sur le trajet, n\u2019a pas manqu\u00e9 de se     manifester et ce fut l\u2019infortun\u00e9 chauffeur qui en fit les frais. Le louage     fut arr\u00eat\u00e9 et le chauffeur emmen\u00e9 au poste de police. Quel fut le traitement     r\u00e9serv\u00e9 au malheureux louagiste ? Il dut passer un mauvais quart d\u2019heure si     l\u2019on en juge par son \u00e9tat d\u2019\u00e9nervement au sortir du poste, mais dut se     r\u00e9soudre \u00e0 conduire Samia Abbou \u00e0 bon port. N\u2019avait-elle pas pay\u00e9 la course     ? Il lui demanda ce qu\u2019elle avait fait. Et elle eut beau jeu de r\u00e9torquer     qu\u2019il y avait erreur sur la personne : c\u2019\u00e9tait bien \u00e0 lui et non \u00e0 elle que     la police avait eu quelque chose \u00e0 dire\u2026     <strong><font>Luiza Toscane<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> <span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 align=\"center\" style=\"color: red;\"> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">  Moment Tant Attendu:<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 align=\"center\" style=\"color: red;\"> <span lang=\"FR-CH\"> <\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font>Lib\u00e9ration De H. Ben Abdelmalek<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"center\">  \u00a0<\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<span lang=\"FR-CH\"><strong><font>Post\u00e9   par Ramla, le Jeudi 23 novembre 2006 \u00e0 20h02<\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">Bonsoir,<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">Tout d&rsquo;abord je   remercie du fond du c\u0153ur tous ceux qui partagent notre joie et tous ceux qui   nous ont fait parvenir des messages de soutien et de f\u00e9licitation. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">Les   retrouvailles ont constitu\u00e9 un moment unique voire m\u00eame magique, un moment   charg\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9motions o\u00f9 les larmes \u00e9taient au rdv mais pour une fois et depuis 15   ans ce sont des larmes de joie : ce n&rsquo;est que du BONHEUR !!!<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">C&rsquo;est un   sentiment qui ne peut \u00eatre expliqu\u00e9 tu te demandes seulement si t&rsquo;es dans un   r\u00eave ou si c&rsquo;est la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Vous ne pouvez imaginer l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue de notre joie.   Un r\u00eave qui prend enfin forme et qui se concr\u00e9tise par la lib\u00e9ration de notre   p\u00e8re, c&rsquo;est \u00e9norme !! <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">Malheureusement   ce bonheur f\u00fbt entach\u00e9 Samedi dernier alors que nous nous appr\u00eations \u00e0 aller   c\u00e9l\u00e9brer les fian\u00e7ailles de mon fr\u00e8re par la pr\u00e9sence \u00e0 19h30 \u00e0 notre domicile   de deux jeunes policiers en civil. Ils \u00e9taient \u00e0 la recherche de papa et lui   ont courtoisement demand\u00e9 de passer au poste de police avant de se rendre \u00e0 la   f\u00eate. Donc au lieu de se diriger chez la fianc\u00e9e de mon fr\u00e8re nous avions du   prendre une autre direction : tout le cort\u00e8ge a fait le d\u00e9tour direction poste   de police de l&rsquo;Ariana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">Une fois dans   un des bureaux du poste de police un policier est venu avec un bout de papier   soit disant que c&rsquo;est une d\u00e9cision minist\u00e9rielle qui vient \u00e0 l&rsquo;instant de leur   \u00eatre fax\u00e9e et qui comporte la condition sine qua none pour la lib\u00e9ration de   papa: selon l&rsquo;arabe litt\u00e9raire formul\u00e9 par le texte \u00e9nonc\u00e9 mon p\u00e8re est   \u00ab\u00a0oblig\u00e9 de ne pas quitter son lieu de r\u00e9sidence jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2015\u00a0\u00bb vu le   scandale qu&rsquo;on leur a fait ils ont essay\u00e9 de nous expliquer que nous avons mal   compris leurs propos, il s&rsquo;av\u00e8re et d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s leurs dires et non d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s ce   qu&rsquo;ils nous ont lu qu&rsquo;il est libre de se d\u00e9placer l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il veut quand il veut   avec la seule contrainte de les tenir inform\u00e9s si jamais il d\u00e9m\u00e9nage. Ils ont   voulu lui faire signer ce bout de papier mais mon p\u00e8re a refus\u00e9 car entre ce   qui est \u00e9crit et ce qui est dit il y a une grande diff\u00e9rence. Ils nous ont   laiss\u00e9 sortir quand m\u00eame&#8230;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">Comme vous   voyez personne n&rsquo;\u00e9chappe \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle du \u00ab\u00a0h\u00e9 souviens toi t&rsquo;\u00e9tais en prison et   nous sommes l\u00e0 pour te le rappeler ne prends pas go\u00fbt \u00e0 la vie dehors c&rsquo;est   pire\u00a0\u00bb c&rsquo;est mon impression apr\u00e8s je ne sais pas peut \u00eatre que ce sont de   gentils consciencieux qui font leur travail dans les r\u00e8gles de l&rsquo;art, que   sais-je ??!!<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">bref   l&rsquo;essentiel et ce qui nous console c&rsquo;est que mon p\u00e8re est l\u00e0 \u00e0 nos c\u00f4t\u00e9s et   que les barri\u00e8res qui nous s\u00e9paraient depuis janvier 1992 ne sont plus l\u00e0 !!!<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">une petite   pens\u00e9e \u00e0 tous ceux qui sont encore dans ces prisons lugubres, \u00e0 tous ceux qui   se battent pour survivre \u00e0 ces mouroirs, \u00e0 tous ces enfants qui n&rsquo;ont jamais   vu leurs p\u00e8res et qui bien avant leur naissance ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9 de leurs p\u00e8res   ou grandi loin d&rsquo;eux, \u00e0 ces centaines d&rsquo;\u00e9pouses, de m\u00e8res, de familles qui   souffrent en silence : que Dieu soit avec vous et Rabi yifarej .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">Ils sortiront   bikodrett rabi c&rsquo;est certain peu importe le temps que cela prendra mais au   moins ils sortiront la t\u00eate haute!!<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <b> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">  (Source\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>  www.nawaat.org<\/span><\/a> , le 23 novembre 2006)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">  Lien\u00a0: <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/news_dernieres_nouvelles.php3?postid=38359&amp;react=2&amp;tpcref=12885\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">  http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/news_dernieres_nouvelles.php3?postid=38359&amp;react=2&amp;tpcref=12885<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR-CH\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> <o:p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/o:p><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"> <span lang=\"FR\"><font size=\"3\"><strong> <\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font>Un seul terrain de foot vetuiste pour 49.000 habitants a   jebeniana!!<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\"> <strong><font>Houcine Ghali,<\/font> Gen\u00e8ve<\/strong>          Sports pour tous, ne cessent de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les mas medias tunisiens \u00e0 longueur     d&rsquo;ann\u00e9e. Celui qui ne connait pas le pays et ses v\u00e9ritables conditions     d&rsquo;infrastructures sportives pense effectivement que chaque ville, chaque     village, et m\u00eame la bourgade la plus \u00e9loign\u00e9e b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de terrains, de     mat\u00e9riel, de ma\u00eetres de sport dans tous les domaines de cette discipline.     Or, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est totalement autre et la plupart des Tunisiens se trouve     simplement spectateurs que pratiquants de sport.     L&rsquo;exemple de Jebeniana est \u00e9loquent et peut certainement s&rsquo;appliquer aux     nombreux villages et villes moyennes du pays. En effet, pour pr\u00e8s de 50.000     habitants, il n&rsquo;y a aucune infrastructure sportive. Depuis 1960, le village     ne dispose que d&rsquo;un v\u00e9tuste stade de football avec un seul terrain sans     gazon et des vestiaires archa\u00efques. Le club sportif de Jebeniana ( CSJ ),     avec son \u00e9quipe senior, ses \u00e9quipes juniors, cadettes et minimes ne peut     s&rsquo;entrainer convenablement parce qu&rsquo;il ne dispose que d&rsquo;un seul terrain. Son     budget annuel ne d\u00e9passe gu\u00e8re les dix millions de millimes, 8 comme unique     aide de la municipalit\u00e9 et 2 gl\u00e2n\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s des commer\u00e7ants et fonctionnaires     du village.      Il faut d&rsquo;abord remarquer qu&rsquo; \u00e0 part le football aucun autre sport n&rsquo;est     pratiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Jebeniana. La majorit\u00e9 des habitants ne pratiquent aucun sport     faute de politique d&rsquo;encouragement et que les jeunes et les enfants du     village ne trouvent nullement o\u00f9 jouer car aucun quartier, ancien ou     nouvellement construit, ne comporte de terrains pour cette fin. Les plans     d&rsquo;am\u00e9nagement et de construction \u00e0 Jebeniana n&rsquo;ont jamais inclu dans leur     application des terrains pour le sport ou des espaces verts . L&rsquo;anarchie a     toujours eu le dernier mot dans cette politique et la municipalit\u00e9 ferme les     yeux ou les garde tout ouverts sans jamais intervenir pour veiller au bien     des habitants.          Le basket, le hand, le volley, le tennis, la boxe,etc&#8230; ce sont des sports     dont on entend seulement parler \u00e0 Jebeniana mais personne ne les a jamais     pratiqu\u00e9s. Les habitants se suffisent d&rsquo;en entendre parler ou bien de les     voir \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9 et point barre. D&rsquo;ailleurs m\u00eame le foot, sport roi dans tout     le pays, les Jebenianiens ne font que le suivre lors des matchs de leur club     au village ou bien le voir \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9. Sa pratique ne concerne que les 100     joueurs, toute cat\u00e9gories confondues, qui constituent le CSJ.     Au seul coll\u00e8ge et aux trois \u00e9coles primaires de Jebeniana, les \u00e9l\u00e8ves font     semblant de \u00ab\u00a0faire\u00a0\u00bb du sport dans la cour ou sur un vague terrain. La     plupart du temps, les ma\u00eetres des sports laissent les \u00e9l\u00e8ves vaquer \u00e0 leurs     besoins sans aucune pratique sportive.          Quant aux jeunes et notamment les enfants, ils se suffisent des rues pour     jouer, dans le sable, en cr\u00e9ant beaucoup de probl\u00e8mes pour les passants, la     circulation et en provoquant des blessures parfois graves. Fautes de     terrains et d&rsquo;encadrements pour permettre la pratique du sport, de nombreux     jeunes glandouillent \u00e0 longueur de journ\u00e9e. D&rsquo;autres s&rsquo;adonnent \u00e0 l&rsquo;alcool,     se bagarent souvent et virent vers la d\u00e9linquence avec tous ses aspects     sordides.     Ainsi donc, \u00a0\u00bb le changement \u00a0\u00bb dont le pouvoir vente les m\u00e9rites depuis 19     ans, n&rsquo;a jamais englober Jebeniana et sans doute les centaines d&rsquo;autres     villages du pays. M\u00eame autour des grandes villes, on construit une cit\u00e9     sportive, un grand stade pour comp\u00e9titions internationale, une salle     couverte et tout cela sert comme d\u00e9cor pour la nouvelle R\u00e9publique issue du     7novembre 1987, mais dans les quartiers populaires, point d&rsquo;infrastructures     pour la pratique des sports.<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 align=\"center\" style=\"color: red;\"> <span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font>The War over the Veil in Tunisia<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\"><strong><font>Par Daniel Lav<\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  Introduction<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Ramadan 2006   may well be remembered as the Ramadan of the veil. In remarks widely reported   in the Arab press, former U.K. foreign secretary Jack Straw described the veil   as \u00ab\u00a0a visible statement of separation and difference\u00a0\u00bb; in the ensuing   controversy, British Prime Minister Tony Blair lent his support to Straw and   made similar comments. In a related development, a teaching assistant in the   U.K., Aisha Azmi, was suspended for refusing to remove her veil when teaching.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">However, the   most divisive controversy erupted not in Europe, but in Tunisia, where the   government launched a campaign to implement \u00ab\u00a0Decree 108,\u00a0\u00bb first issued in   1981, which forbids not only the full veil (niqab) in public places, but also   the less restrictive head covering (hijab).<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The controversy   began with the state-controlled Tunisian media reporting statements by   President Zin Al-\u2019Abidin Ben \u2019Ali and his ministers against the head covering,   in which they called it an \u00ab\u00a0imported form of sectarian dress\u00a0\u00bb &#8211; a reference to   the growing influence of Saudi-style Wahhabism in North Africa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">At the same   time, the Islamist opposition &#8211; in particular the banned Al-Nadha movement,   the main Tunisian Islamist group &#8211; reported on a \u00ab\u00a0Ramadan offensive\u00a0\u00bb against   women wearing the head covering, saying they were being forced to remove their   head coverings and prevented from entering public institutions and   universities. These actions sparked a wave of petitions against the   government\u2019s activities -from both Islamists and some of the non-Islamist   opposition. In addition, prominent sheikhs &#8211; among them Egypt Mufti \u2019Ali   Jum\u2019a, Yousef Al-Qaradhawi, and Abu Basir Al-Tartusi &#8211; spoke out against the   Tunisian government. Al-Tartusi, an influential Salafi authority, even issued   a fatwa urging Tunisians to overthrow their government.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The controversy   has also led to a diplomatic crisis between Tunisia and Qatar. On October 19,   2006, the London daily Al-Quds Al-\u2019Arabi reported that the Tunisian government   had closed its embassy in Doha to protest against a program aired on the   Qatar-based Al-Jazeera TV that had hosted guests critical of the government\u2019s   policies on the head covering.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb1\" title=\"[1] Al-Quds Al-&#039;Arabi (London), October 19, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a>]   The next day, the London daily Al-Hayat reported that the Tunisian ambassador   to Qatar had been called home for consultation.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb2\" title=\"[2] Al-Hayat (London), October 20, 2006. In parallel, the Tunisian (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Earlier, in   September, 2006, with the start of the new school year, the Tunisian   authorities had removed from store shelves the popular hijab-wearing \u00ab\u00a0Fulla\u00a0\u00bb   doll, and had confiscated other products bearing pictures of Fulla, saying   that the doll was liable to inspire Tunisian girls to adopt the head   covering.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb3\" title=\"[3] Al-&#039;Arabiya (London), September 21, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The issue has   created a dilemma for the liberal reformist opposition and women\u2019s groups. On   the one hand, they support secularism and women\u2019s rights; on the other hand,   they find it difficult to support an autocratic regime trying to dictate to   its citizens how to dress. Caught between the Scylla of autocracy and the   Charybdis of Islamism, most groups have taken an intermediate position,   expressing reservations about the government\u2019s campaign, but at the same time   decrying the Islamists\u2019 selective and opportunistic approach to civil rights.   Some parts of the opposition, though, may be forging closer ties with the   Islamist Al-Nahdha movement. Such non-Islamist oppositionists as Moncef   Marzouki have been harassed by the government for expressing solidarity with   the Islamists, and, in turn, the Al-Nahdha movement has taken up their   cause.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb4\" title=\"[4] See Sheikh Rashed Al-Ghanoushi&#039;s statement in the name of Al-Nahdha; (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">In a related   development, the debate over the veil also erupted in Egypt after the   president of Helwan University in Cairo, \u2019Abd Al-Hay Ebaid, refused to allow   veiled women to enter university grounds. While the incident itself was minor   in comparison with events in Tunisia &#8211; and concerned only the full veil, and   not the hijab &#8211; it was nevertheless widely discussed in the Egyptian press.   Coming against the backdrop of the controversies in England and Tunisia, it   reawakened the debate on women\u2019s place in society, Islam and modernity, and   the role of Saudi Wahhabism in the erosion of Egypt\u2019s indigenous Islamic   practices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  Tunisian Government Statements Against The Head Covering<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">*President   Zin Al-\u2019Abidin Ben \u2019<i>Ali: We Must Differentiate Between Foreign Sectarian   Dress And Authentic Tunisian Clothing<\/i> <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">A October 12,   2006 report in the pro-regime daily Al-Shourouq described a meeting between   Tunisian President Zin Al-\u2019Abidin Ben \u2019Ali and his Minister of Religious   Affairs, Boubaker Al-Akhzouri:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This meeting   presented an opportunity for the president to reiterate what he had said in   his speech on July 25, 2006, that Tunisia remains faithful at all times to its   true religion of Islam &#8211; the religion of moderation, openness, tolerance, and   constructive dialogue &#8211; is intent on sanctifying the value of decency and the   virtue of modesty, and expresses its customs in its clothing&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Likewise, the   president emphasized that it is imperative&#8230; to differentiate between   imported sectarian dress [i.e. the veil or head covering] and authentic   Tunisian clothing, which is a symbol of [Tunisian] national identity.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb5\" title=\"[5] Al-Shourouq (Tunisia), October 12, 2006; identical report in Al-Sabbah (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  *Religious Affairs Minister Boubaker Al-Akhzouri: \u00ab\u00a0<i>There Is No Uniform   Islamic Clothing\u2026 The Substitution Of Foreign Dress For Tunisian Clothing Is A   Clear And Open Repudiation Of National Identity<\/i>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The pro-regime   Tunisian daily Al-Sabbah daily published an interview with Minister of   Religious Affairs Boubaker Al-Akhzouri on October 15, 2006, in which he   defended the government\u2019s policy on the veil and explained his views on Islam   in Tunisia: \u00ab\u00a0Minister of Religious Affairs Boubaker Al-Akhzouri emphasized&#8230;   that sectarian dress is a phenomenon that is foreign to our society and is   liable to lead to a breach with [Tunisia\u2019s] national identity. He denied any   connection between the wearing of sectarian dress and individual rights, since   it is contrary to what is accepted as proper in our society. He said that   sectarian dress is rejected just as immodest dress is rejected, with the same   degree of insistence. He called [on Tunisians to realize] the necessity of   imparting to our children a critical mentality, so that they will have the   capacity to sift out new ideas coming from abroad, and of encouraging thought   and rational reflection in order to protect coming generations from the \u2019sick   excretions\u2019 that we see today&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">When asked   about the gain in the popularity of \u00ab\u00a0sectarian dress,\u00a0\u00bb Al-Akhzouri responded:   \u00ab\u00a0\u2019No one doubts that Tunisia remains faithful to its true Islamic religion,   and any&#8230; exaggeration [of the phenomenon is]&#8230; shameful contradiction of   the truth&#8230; Tunisia is unique in its history, its customs, its jurisprudence,   its Islamic learning, and its rich religious thought, the basis of which is   the application of independent reasoning [ijtihad] and rational reflection,   within the bounds of adherence to the unchanging principles&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0\u2019The fixed   truth, in religious terms and in historical terms, is that there is no uniform   Islamic clothing. As the popular adage has it, \u00ab\u00a0Every country [has] its own   coinage,\u00a0\u00bb meaning that every country has its customs in clothing, for men just   as for women, just as it has its particular customs in food and everything   related to celebrations &#8211; and even in name-giving and other matters &#8211; and   these particularities attest to the cultural wealth of the Islamic world, and   of the human world, and attest to the vigor of social practices. All of this   is at the heart of national identities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0\u2019Thus it is   worth emphasizing that the substitution of imported dress for Tunisian   clothing &#8211; which shows decency and cultural identity &#8211; is a clear and open   repudiation of national identity that will lead to a breach [with that   identity]&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Indeed,   imported sectarian [dress] has nothing to do with religion whatsoever. Some   people have adopted it as a symbol of [their Islamist] political affiliation.   This is an attack on both religion and politics, since it rides religious   matters for political-ideological purposes that do not escape anyone\u2019s   attention, such that the intention of shari\u2019a in this matter has given way to   a sectarian struggle that threatens the equilibrium of society and its   unity&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0\u2019Sectarianism   is the gateway to accusations of apostasy against other Muslims [takfir].   Accusing other [Muslims] of apostasy is the gateway to internecine warfare   [fitna]&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0\u2019Islam is too   lofty to be limited to forms and [outward] manifestations that hide it, some   of which are as far as can be from Islam&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0\u2019The wearing   of sectarian dress has nothing to do with individual liberty, since it is   contrary to what is accepted as proper in society, and society has the right   to defend its cultural identity. My freedom ends where the freedom of the   other begins, and this other is the general good&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Thus,   sectarian dress is rejected as we reject immodest clothing that is considered   improper, with the same degree of insistence. Allah distinguishes among   Muslims only on the basis of their piety and their good deeds&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb6\" title=\"[6] Al-Sabbah (Tunisia), October 15, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">*RCD   Party Secretary-General: \u00ab\u00a0<i>If We Agree Today To The Head covering, Tomorrow   We Will Accept That Women Will Be Deprived Of Their Right To Work And Their   Right To Vote\u00a0\u00bb<\/i> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The Algerian   daily El-Watan reported that Tunisian Foreign Minister \u2019Abdelwaheb \u2019Abdallah   said that \u00ab\u00a0the veil is a political slogan raised by a tiny group that hides   behind religion in order to realize political goals&#8230; It is the distinctive   sign of a hard-line, insular fringe.\u00a0\u00bb Similar statements were made by Tunisian   Interior Minister Rafiq Belhaj Kacem and Secretary-General of the ruling RCD   (Constitutional Democratic Rally) Party Al-Hadi M\u2019henni.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb7\" title=\"[7] El-Watan (Algeria), October 15, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7<\/a>]   The latter was quoted as saying: \u00ab\u00a0If we agree today to the head covering,   tomorrow we will accept that women will be deprived of their right to work and   their right to vote, and that they will be prevented from obtaining schooling,   and will be only machines for procreation and housework.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb8\" title=\"[8] http:\/\/www.islamonline.net\/Arabic\/news\/2006-10\/05\/07.shtml.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  *\u00a0\u00bbOne Asks Oneself If One Is In Tunisia&#8230; Or In the Streets Of Tehran Or   Kabul&#8230; This Black Clothing Turns Women Who Have Won All Their Rights&#8230; Into   Walking Ghosts\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/i><\/strong><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Editorials in   the official Tunisian press echoed the government line, emphasizing Tunisia\u2019s   unique historical and religious identity and decrying the head covering as a   foreign import and a symbol of political Islamism. An editorial in the   Tunisian daily Al-Shourouq read:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0It is   indisputable that moderation is at the heart of Islam\u2019s message, which has   spread to numerous places in the world thanks to the tolerance of its   teachings&#8230; Islam is also a religion of development and a religion of   knowledge&#8230; A religion described in this way, and based in this way, cannot   merely not drag women back, but pushes them to engage in life and to tackle   studies and knowledge, and [encourages] their employment for the benefit of   humanity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0False   understanding, or imitation, or [religious] exaggeration among some [parts of   the Tunisian public] is reaching the point of wearing manners of dress that   have come to us from other countries, countries which have their own customs,   traditions, and schools of [religious] thought [or jurisprudence &#8211; madhahib].   This has gotten to the point where one sometimes asks oneself if one is in   Tunisia &#8211; which has always been a beacon of knowledge and modernism and a   school of enlightenment and development and modernization &#8211; or in the streets   of Tehran or Kabul. [This] black clothing turns women who have won all their   rights and all elements of citizenship into walking ghosts&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0&#8230; The   spreading of sectarian dress as a misguided sign of modesty and decency&#8230;   necessitates a profound and composed dialogue, so that all Tunisian men and   women will realize that the signs of modesty and decency are not [to be found]   in black sectarian dress that is the product of a social and cultural   environment different from ours. Nor [is it to be found] in a henna-dyed   beard, nor in insularity&#8230; for Islam is a religion of work and life&#8230; and it   is too great for us to limit it to sectarian dress or particularities of   appearance, at the expense of content and substance&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb9\" title=\"[9] Al-Shourouq (Tunisia), October 13, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">9<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  *Al-Hadath: \u00ab\u00a0<i>In the Arabian Peninsula, The Head Covering Was A Custom of   the Zoroastrians, Pagans, and Idol-Worshippers&#8230; A Muslim Woman\u2019s True Hijab   Is Piety\u00a0\u00bb<\/i><\/span><\/strong><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">One highly   controversial anti-hijab editorial, which was unsigned, was published October   18, 2006 by Al-Hadath, a paper belonging to Tunisian journalist \u2019Abd Al-\u2019Aziz   Al-Jaridi; the Jordanian daily Al-Rai reported that Al-Jaridi had received   death threats following the editorial\u2019s publication.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb10\" title=\"[10] Al-Rai (Jordan), October 19, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10<\/a>]   Following is an excerpt from the article, as posted on the forum of the   leftist opposition TUNeZINE website:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0When we were   children and would play and be happy, with the innocence of children and their   dreams, our grandparents, fathers, and mothers were something we took no   notice of, unless they had recourse to a lethal weapon of deterrence &#8211; the   \u2019demon\u2019 and the \u2019demoness\u2019 &#8211; to scare us and deter us from making trouble.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0We grew up and   came to understand the truth about the \u2019demon\u2019 and the \u2019demoness\u2019, but today   there are those who have returned to this weapon &#8211; the weapon of the   \u2019demoness\u2019 &#8211; to stir up alarm and fear. But unlike in the days of our youth,   this time it is the veil-wearing \u2019demoness\u2019 in her abominable black robe,   which is not part of our traditions and customs, that stares down at us&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0The public   kept silent [about the veil], hoping that it would be a passing trend, and   everyone was surprised that the issue became the talk of every Tunisian home,   and took on dimensions which obligate civil society&#8230; to get moving and make   a decision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0An error only   becomes a mistake if you do not correct it&#8230; If need be, [we must] use   deterrence, and not show tolerance, not yield, and not retreat on this sort of   question, which is damaging our essence, our identity, and our   [self]-definition as Sunni Muslims of the Maliki school [of jurisprudence]&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0&#8230; From the   earliest of times, our country never knew the head covering, the veil, or   black [clothing]. The historian Herodotus and Thucydides [have already] proved   this&#8230; Women in Carthage [in present-day Tunisia] were active&#8230; and grew   their hair long and showed it: This was a sign that they were free. Shearing   one\u2019s hair was a sign of slavery&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0As for the   illustrious Islamic era, Professor Tawfiq Bin \u2019Amir says \u2019There is no trace or   indication of the head covering (hijab) in all our past,\u2019 and we have [never]   heard nor read of any event, since the dawn of Islam, concerning the head   covering, or any mention of the head covering. Rather, the head covering in   the Arabian Peninsula was a custom of the Zoroastrians, pagans, and   idol-worshippers&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Islam did not   appear just for men, as a means of holding women back, and locking them away   and covering them with a veil&#8230; Islam&#8230; made faith [a matter] of the heart,   of virtue, of clean conscience and of feeling. A Muslim woman\u2019s true hijab is   piety&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This wearing   of the head covering&#8230; is it not close to objectifying women and appreciating   them as made [only] to be hidden away and to produce offspring?&#8230; Are they   not human beings who deserve equality with men, and emancipation, and the   independent use of their reason for [their own] advantage?&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0[Muhammad\u2019s   first wife] Khadija did not consider herself \u2019goods\u2019 that Muhammad bought.   Neither did Muhammad objectify Khadija and think of her as home furnishing. He   did not require her to wear a head covering, and there is no mention of this,   because the head covering [is foreign] to Islam and the Muslims. This is the   demon with which those who want internal strife are trying to scare us&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb11\" title=\"[11] http:\/\/tunezine.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The author also   wrote that in summer, the head covering traps heat and becomes infested with   vermin, and in the winter it gets wet and thus causes illness. Apparently, it   was this statement in particular that sparked controversy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  Islamist Groups: The Government\u2019s Campaign Is \u00ab\u00a0<i>A War Against Allah And His   Religion&#8230; And An Offense Against Constitutional Liberties And Natural Rights<\/i>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">*The   Al-Nahdha Movement: \u00ab\u00a0T<i>he \u2019Ramadan Campaign\u2019 To Eliminate The Head Covering   &#8211; For Whose Benefit?\u00a0\u00bb<\/i> <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Articles,   communiqu\u00e9s, and petitions on the Tunisian government\u2019s campaign against the   headcovering dominated the website of the banned Al-Nahdha Islamist opposition   movement, as well as other Islamist websites around the world. Al-Nahdha   accused the government of conducting a fanatical campaign against Tunisian   women who wear the head covering and denied that the head covering had any   connection to politics:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Although the   campaigns of the Tunisian government and its attempts to implement the   infamous and injurious Decree 108 \u2019to prevent the wearing of the Islamic head   covering in public institutions and in all educational institutions, and even   in the street\u2019 have not ceased over the last 25 years, its present campaign,   which it introduced during Ramadan this year [2006], has been the broadest and   most vehement&#8230; The declarations by the state authorities and the ruling   party&#8230; that preceded it and accompanied it&#8230; bespoke hidden malice and   impaired logic, and shameful and scandalous ignorance concerning established   religious [law] and what has been a subject of consensus among the Islamic   nation\u2019s religious scholars and its masses throughout the ages. This is what   has triggered, and continues to trigger, waves of negative and angry reactions   throughout the Islamic world, and even beyond it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This   behavior&#8230; emphasizes the extent of the difference between two paths on two   opposing sides: the path of the Tunisian people and Tunisian society in their   forceful and tremendous return to their identity, and the path of the   government\u2019s policies and a number of its elites, who are cut off from the   values of their society&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This arbitrary   and illegitimate campaign, whose perpetrators did not dare&#8230; to sign with   their own signatures the orders they issued to their underlings in [public]   institutions and educational institutions&#8230; to track down and expel women who   uphold the banner of piety, [drove] the executive administration toclash with   their [own] beliefs and with a wide swathe of public opinion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0All the while,   the government\u2019s mouthpieces repeated its claim&#8230;: that the head covering is   a political symbol for a political adversary, and therefore it must be   thwarted. [The government] described it as sectarian dress&#8230; without having   troubled itself to request the issuing of a fatwa from the Mufti of the   Republic that would relieve Tunisia of the [religious] duty of wearing a head   covering&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0&#8230; When this   return to religion and to adherence to shari\u2019a dress began, in all walks of   society and in every region, no one claimed to be behind it or to have any   particular place of pride in it, [and thus it was apolitical].<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0There remains   the perplexing question: for whose benefit is this campaign&#8230; and for whose   benefit is this extremism and fanatical zeal for the obsolete Decree [108]?&#8230;   All they have managed to achieve has been to deprive thousands of Tunisian   women of the right to schooling and the right to work, and blackened Tunisia\u2019s   reputation&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0They frighten   people [by saying] that if you agree to this \u2019sectarian dress\u2019 today, tomorrow   you will be forced to accept&#8230; that women not leave their houses and not   study in colleges and universities! Have they no shame? Is it not they   themselves who are doing this to women &#8211; today and not tomorrow &#8211; when they   expel them from studies and work [for wearing a head covering]&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0We, in the   Nahdha movement: 1) Hold the ruling government responsible&#8230; for what male   and female citizens are being subjected to, namely, the attack on their most   basic and sacred individual rights &#8211; the freedom to choose their own clothing   and their degree of religious adherence&#8230; while they [i.e. the government]   support and encourage manifestations of decadence and [public] nakedness&#8230; 2)   We call on Tunisia\u2019s religious scholars and sheikhs to express a serious and   responsible position before Allah and before their people rejecting this   attack on Muslim women\u2019s right to wear a head covering&#8230; 3) We demand that   Tunisian legal and human [rights] organizations, and likewise the serious   national political parties, condemn the oppressive government\u2019s campaign and   show solidarity with the religious girls and women in order to safeguard their   legitimate right to choose their own clothing; 4) We call on whatever rational   people may be left in the government to strive to spare the country any   further downslide&#8230; 5) We express our total solidarity with the oppressed   women of Tunisia and their daughters&#8230; You can be sure that you are in the   right, and that standing behind you, after Allah&#8230; are millions of Muslims   and supporters of freedom&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0The Nahdha   movement in Tunisia, Ramadan 19, 1427 \/ October 12, 2006.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb12\" title=\"[12] http:\/\/www.nahdha.net\/default.asp?contentid=1038. The weekly Le (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">12<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">*The   World Council For The Support Of Islam In Tunisia: \u00ab\u00a0<i>The Government Has   Ignited The Flames Of Civil Strife Against The Chaste Women Of Tunisia\u00a0\u00bb<\/i> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Numerous other   Islamist groups &#8211; both Tunisian and foreign &#8211; issued statements and petitions   that sharply condemned the Tunisian government. For example, a group calling   itself \u00ab\u00a0The World Council for the Support of Islam in Tunisia\u00a0\u00bb issued a call   to Muslim scholars to condemn the actions of the Tunisian government and its   \u00ab\u00a0war\u00a0\u00bb against the head covering. The call was posted on the Islamic Al-Hiwar   website:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0&#8230; The   Islamic religion has once more become a stranger, as the Prophet said [it   would], in the country of Tunisia. And what greater strangeness is there than   the fact that what [Islam] holds sacrosanct is being desecrated and its   prohibitions are being transgressed in an Islamic country, by rulers who claim   to be Muslims and claim to be the protectors and guardians of religion? Under   this pretext, they are drying up the sources of religious observance and   working to wipe out any Islamic manifestation &#8211; and especially women\u2019s   dressing in accordance with shari\u2019a, so as to force them to display themselves   and to disrobe&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This, then, is   the offensive to uproot shari\u2019a clothing that the Minister of Religious   Affairs announced, and which is being carried out today &#8211; not through   enlightened thought, as is claimed &#8211; but through violence, compulsion,   aggression, punishment, and debarment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0So Tunisia is   now witness to an indiscriminate war that the Tunisian government has launched   against shari\u2019a women\u2019s clothing, under the pretext of implementing Decree   108&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The authors of   the call then claim that the Tunisian government has been keeping tabs on the   number of women in public service who wear the head covering, and reproduces   what it says is an official document reporting violations of the official   dress code, including the number of women wearing head coverings. They go on   to claim that there is a \u00ab\u00a0security offensive\u00a0\u00bb in the schools and colleges   against women wearing head coverings, with the aim of barring them from the   classrooms, citing eyewitness accounts to this effect.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb13\" title=\"[13] The pro-regime press also published interviews with female students (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">In conclusion,   the call says: \u00ab\u00a0In light of all of this, the World Council for the Support of   Islam in Tunisia condemns these actions by the Tunisian government and   considers them aggression against women\u2019s inviolability, a war against Allah   and his religion, a violation of physical sanctity and human honor, and also   an offense against constitutional liberties and natural rights.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0As the Council   knows that you, the religious scholars and preachers, are sincerely zealous&#8230;   we address to you the following call:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Please stand   together with the chaste women of Tunisia and their supporters and urge them   to remain fast in their trial; send a message to the ruler of Tunisia in which   you explain shari\u2019a law concerning women\u2019s clothing; express the opinion that   the offensive &#8211; or rather the war &#8211; against shari\u2019a dress is a war against the   Islamic religion; warn the ruler of Tunisia and hold him responsible for the   disastrous consequences that may stem from this strife; act to issue a   collective&#8230; fatwa that explains the legal status of anyone who coerces a   Muslim woman to remove her veil and reveal what should be hidden!&#8230;; try to   apprise influential individuals and government officials in your countries who   are zealous [in guarding] religious prohibitions of this trial and call on   them &#8211; as far as this is possible &#8211; to intervene to put out the fire of this   strife and aid the oppressed chaste women of Tunisia. The Prophet said:   \u2019Whoever protects a believer from a hypocrite who accuses him, Allah sends him   an angel who will protect his flesh from hellfire on Judgment Day \u2026\u2019\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb14\" title=\"[14] http:\/\/www.alhiwar.net\/sms.php?id=37947&amp;db=1-s&amp;srv=com&amp;div=main.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  Opposition Groups: Between the Regime and the Islamists<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  *Tunisian Women\u2019s Groups And Liberals: <i>The Islamists\u2019 Appeal To Individual   Liberties Is Disingenuous<\/i> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">While the   Tunisian Association of Democratic Women (known by its French acronym ATFD) is   fiercely opposed to the head covering, opinions in the organization on the   government\u2019s policies seemed divided. A statement posted on the opposition   website www.tunisnews.net in the name of the association claimed with   satisfaction that over the last few years the Tunisian regime had adopted most   of the arguments put forward by the association in its 2003 declaration titled   \u00ab\u00a0For Equality, For Secularism.\u00a0\u00bb The statement was followed by the text of the   declaration:\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb15\" title=\"[15] The end of the message is signed by Hela Abdeljaoued, the president of (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0&#8230;We are   working to gradually implant the idea that progress cannot come to terms with   the exclusion of women. Whether this [exclusion] takes place through physical   confinement or by symbolic means, by the force of or indulgence towards   reactionary ideas, it can only benefit those who are nostalgic for the past   and supports of retrograde civilizational projects&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0We want to   express our profound concern at the spread of the head covering in the   country. This phenomenon creates a dilemma: [how to] defend the right of women   to choose their own attire and their right to education, [and at the same time   how to] totally reject this symbol of women\u2019s imprisonment and this retreat   from the fight of Tunisian women and men for women\u2019s liberation&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This attire   has nothing that ties it to mothers, grandmothers, and forbears. Rather, it is   a rupture with all of the sartorial traditions of the country, and a   valorization of a model that is extremely widespread in countries where women   continue to be subject to polygamy, repudiation [by their husbands],   unilateral divorce, matrimonial guardianship, and many other forms of   discrimination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This is a   style of dress that goes back to time immemorial, when patriarchic practices,   sanctioned by the three monotheistic religions and based upon the control of   women and the appropriation of their bodies, instilled masculine privilege and   supported sexist standards, which perpetuate themselves century after century,   especially in the Arab-Muslim world&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0For us, the   activists of the ATFD, this style of dress, which seeks to efface women\u2019s   diversity, eradicate their differences, and ignore women as sexed individuals,   is a reductive symbol, a symbol of regression, and&#8230; a symbol of the negation   of an indivisible part of every human being: his or her body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0We believe   that the woman is also a body, but we refuse to let her be reduced to an   object of temptation from which men must be saved. As subjects who desire and   are desired like any human being can be, women must not accept the   demonization of their bodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Not being able   to confine women anymore in private spaces, the supporters of retrograde   currents of thought thus encourage [the wearing of] the head covering.   Propaganda broadcast widely on numerous satellite TV stations praise women\u2019s   \u2019choice\u2019 of the veil. They, who are ready to flout women\u2019s rights, arrogantly   position themselves on the terrain of human rights, in order to defend the   veil and encourage it as \u2019a symbol of resistance to the invading West.\u2019 They   use the degree of women\u2019s adherence to their discourse in order to measure the   impact of their totalitarian thinking, and they distill it into moralizing   slogans that open the way to all kinds of misogynist excesses&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb16\" title=\"[16] http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/17octobre06f.htm , October 17, (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">16<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  *Tunisian Feminist: Against The Veil, But Against The Ban<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">On the other   hand, Sara Dudash, another member of the Tunisian Association of Democratic   Women, wrote a defense of women\u2019s \u00ab\u00a0right to wear the head covering, although   it sanctifies women\u2019s inferiority.\u00a0\u00bb Following are excerpts:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0&#8230;Decree 108,   which prevents women from wearing a head covering in public institutions, is a   tyrannical decree that violates the individual freedom of humans, and of women   in particular, among which is the right to [choose one\u2019s own] dress, whether a   head covering or modern dress. Thus it is the obligation of everyone who   defends the values of freedom and human rights, and in particular those who   defend the rights of women &#8211; women who once again find themselves oppressed   and their basic rights being denied&#8230; to oppose this offensive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0In reality,   the government\u2019s tyrannical policy is leading to results that are the opposite   [of what it intends]; instead of diminishing the phenomenon [of the head   covering], it is leading to its expansion&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Just as   numerous democratic and secular forces support women\u2019s right to wear the head   covering, the Islamists need to also express clearly and publicly [their   support for] women\u2019s right to wear whatever they choose&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Together with   [my] principled support for women\u2019s rights to wear a head covering or any   other clothing she chooses for herself&#8230; it is necessary to point out that   the head covering&#8230; is, beyond the shadow of a doubt, sanctification of   women\u2019s inferiority, a diminishing of their worth, and a blow to those calling   for women\u2019s equality with men&#8230; Those who call for women to wear the head   covering propose this as part of a project for returning women to their homes   and preventing them from going out into society, operating according to   [their] traditional phased plan&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb17\" title=\"[17] http:\/\/www.pdpinfo.org\/articlear.php3?id_article=3978.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">17<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Dr. Salwa Bin   Yousuf Al-Sharafi, in the lead article in the new online bilingual weekly Le   Maghreb, which is affiliated with the liberal transnational Maghreb Alliance   for Democracy, criticized the Islamists\u2019 use of the rhetoric of human rights.   She did not unequivocally support any side in the debate, but denounced all   those who use the issue to further their own agendas: \u00ab\u00a0For some people,   individual freedoms go only as far as the freedom [to choose one\u2019s own] dress,   and do not extend to encompass, for instance, freedom of belief, which we have   never heard the defenders of the head covering take up with this kind of   voracity and urgency. To this day, the Islamists have not clearly elaborated   their notion of freedom of belief, and have merely inserted it in the category   of the right to exercise [Islamic] religious rites. As for the issue of   apostasy and the traditional law of apostasy, which is derived from the   Prophetic tradition \u2019Whoever apostatizes from his religion, kill him\u2019&#8230; this   issue has remained in the category of inviolable prohibition [and is not   regarded in the context of freedom of belief]&#8230;\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb18\" title=\"[18] http:\/\/www.hebdo.amd-maghreb.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">*The   Democratic Progressive Party: The Government\u2019s Actions Are \u00ab\u00a0<i>Humiliation,   Harassment, And Religious Oppression<\/i>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Among those who   chose to side with the Islamists and direct their criticism exclusively at the   government was the opposition Democratic Progressive Party, which issued a   statement condemning the Tunisian government\u2019s actions against the Islamic   head covering, saying that Tunisian women who wear the head covering are   subject to \u00ab\u00a0humiliation [and] harassment, are prevented from pursuing their   studies in colleges and universities, and are excluded from employment in   public institutions,\u00a0\u00bb and that this was \u00ab\u00a0a form of religious oppression that   targets a group of citizens because of their religious beliefs.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb19\" title=\"[19] http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/NR\/exeres\/3E8E478E-5EBF-4D78-A8CD-05F86F4EA114.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">19<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The Tunisian   Democratic Alliance (headquartered in France) also published a communiqu\u00e9,   dated October 16, 2006, condemning the government\u2019s actions: \u00ab\u00a0\u2026We denounce   this new offensive against Islam and against the right of the population to   respect its traditions. In fact, we have learned that in many regions of the   [Tunisian] Republic a police offensive was launched against local populations   in order to prevent them from wearing their traditional costume, under the   pretext of its being a veil\u2026 This is a scandalous offensive to the moral   integrity of these populations\u2026 This aggression against the Tunisian   population must not remain unanswered. We must all &#8211; people from every   persuasion &#8211; unite to put an end to this\u2026 We call for a general mobilization   against this project of effacing of our Arab and Muslim identity, which the   Tunisian regime is carrying out in order to please the Americans in their   offensive against Islam.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb20\" title=\"[20] http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/16octobre06f.htm, October 16, 2006. The (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The Tunisian   General Students Union, in an October 11, 2006 meeting, stated its support for   \u00ab\u00a0female students wearing the head covering\u2026 despite [our] ideological   disagreement with them.\u00a0\u00bb A statement from the Kairouan branch of the Tunisian   Human Rights League, after expressing its concern over the government\u2019s   actions, said: \u00ab\u00a0Our branch [of the League], which considers these excesses to   be a violation of female citizens\u2019 individual rights &#8211; as freedom of dress is   included in the country\u2019s constitution and in international conventions &#8211;   calls on the government to forego this security method and to stop this   offensive at once, and to follow the method of dialogue with the [various]   components of civil society\u2026\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb21\" title=\"[21] http:\/\/www.tunisie-talaba.net\/news\/tunisie-talaba4.htm A banner on the (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  *Secular Oppositionist Dr. Moncef Marzouki: \u00ab\u00a0<i>Our Only Choice Is Between   This Civil Resistance And Armed Struggle<\/i>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">On October 19,   2006, Dr. Moncef Marzouki, the honorary president of the Tunisian Human Rights   League whose appearance on an Al-Jazeera talk show angered the Tunisian   government and provoked a diplomatic crisis with Qatar, published an article   in the French daily Liberation that was fiercely critical of the regime: \u00ab\u00a0The   Tunisian dictator personally took the lead on October 11 by excoriating the   wearing of the veil in the country. The hunting of veiled women was stepped up   in workplaces, the university, and even in the streets\u2026 This phenomenon   contradicts his pretension to having eliminated Islamism and having dried up   its sources. It ridicules his entire discourse on the liberation of women\u2026 At   a time when many comment on a return to the irrational, the rise of   obscurantism, and the new alienation of women, he himself understood perfectly   what it was all about. The wearing of the veil, which is increasingly   widespread, is a political protest, which is all the more subversive for its   being feminine, peaceful, widespread &#8211; and, especially, permanent\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0The secular   and democratic resistance, which is less spectacular, causes difficulties [for   Ben \u2019Ali], especially on the international level. It has exposed to the world   a regime that wanted to have its cake and eat it too, intending to impose a   corrupt and brutal dictatorship\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0It is clear   today\u2026 that it is the permanent protest [i.e. the head covering] that most   worries the dictator. So I proposed on Al-Jazeera that we, the&#8230; secularists,   join in the permanent protest, not just in Tunisia, but in all other Arab   countries in the same position &#8211; for example, by wearing a black armband on   our right arm\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Like all other   Arabs faced with this same type of detestable and un-reformable regime, our   only choice is between this civil resistance and armed struggle. This latter   is today a great temptation for the youth, especially after Hizbullah\u2019s   performance this summer. More and more young Tunisians\u2026 leave for Iraq and   never come back. But nothing would help the dictator\u2019s affairs more than a   wave of terrorist attacks, since the struggle against terrorism is the trump   card of Arab regimes, which everyone admits had a large part in the genesis,   appearance, and continuation of the phenomenon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0It is our   responsibility &#8211; we intellectuals, human rights activists, Tunisian and Arab   politicians &#8211; men and women &#8211; to propose to these youth\u2026 a resistance that is   peaceful, but that can nevertheless succeed in the total elimination of this   refuse of history that are the Arab dictatorships\u2026\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb22\" title=\"[22] http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/opinions\/rebonds\/211550.FR.php.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">22<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Several days   later, Marzouki issued the following communiqu\u00e9: \u00ab\u00a0On October 14, I appeared on   Al-Jazeera to discuss the complete deadlock, in which Tunisia has been for   years under the ruthless grip of an ever-worsening police state. I said that   the only possible answer for a population tired of repression and corruption   was to begin a civil resistance movement, using all peaceful means available   to demand its rights and its freedom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0I also   announced that I would return to my country on October 21 to be with my fellow   Tunisians in their struggle for democracy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Yesterday the   Tunisian authorities delivered to my (empty) home in Sousse, and to my   brother, a subpoena to appear before a judge on October 21, to face a   grotesque accusation: incitement to violence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0It is clear   that this subpoena (the latest of many) seeks to punish me for the position I   have taken, and especially to intimidate me so that I will return home.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0After much   thought and consulting with friends, I have decided to return to Tunisia on   October 21 as planned, to take all risks, to continue my call to Tunisians to   refuse to submit to a regime that has deprived them of their liberties and   their fundamental rights.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb23\" title=\"[23] http:\/\/arabist.net\/archives\/2006\/10\/19\/tunisia-threatens-moncef-marzouki ,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">23<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Marzouki did   indeed return to Tunisia on October 21. To date, he has not been arrested.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb24\" title=\"[24] http:\/\/www.pdpinfo.org\/articlear.php3?id_article=4027. October 22, (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">24<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Muslim   Religious Scholars Condemn Tunisian Government<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Several   prominent religious scholars condemned the Tunisian government, saying that   the head covering was an immutable religious obligation. Among them were   Sheikh Yousef Al-Qaradhawi, Salafi Sheikh Abu Basir Al-Tartusi,\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb25\" title=\"[25] For more on Sheikh Abu Basir Al-Tartusi, see MEMRI Special Report No. (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25<\/a>]   and Egyptian Mufti \u2019Ali Juma\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  *Al-Qaradhawi: \u00ab\u00a0<i>This Is The Worst Kind Of Strife And Rebellion Against   Allah\u2019s Religion<\/i>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">During his   weekly show on Al-Jazeera, Al-Shari\u2019a w\u2019Al-Hayat, Sheikh Yousef Al-Qaradhawi   said in response to a caller\u2019s question: \u00ab\u00a0The verse concerning the head   covering is an established Koranic verse that is legally binding\u2026 It is not   permitted in any Muslim country for Muslim women to be forbidden from wearing   the head covering. The least that can be asked of a Muslim country that   recognizes Islam as its religion\u2026 is that it leave women free to choose   whatever they want &#8211; one chooses the miniskirt, and another chooses an even   shorter skirt, and another\u2026 chooses the head covering, and another chooses the   veil\u2026 This is a matter of individual freedom. So long as we are giving women   the freedom to wear what they want, short or long\u2026 why should we interfere   when it comes to religious women?&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0I even   objected to France[\u2019s prohibition of the head covering in schools], and I told   them that this was incompatible with two human freedoms included in the   [International] Declaration of Human Rights &#8211; freedom of the individual and   freedom of religion\u2026 For more than 13 centuries, women did not expose their   heads in [Muslim countries], until colonialism came to Muslim lands, and they   started to imitate the foreigners\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">When the show\u2019s   host said: \u00ab\u00a0Sheikh [Qaradhawi], perhaps the miniskirt will become Islamic   dress\u2026,\u00a0\u00bb Qaradhawi answered: \u00ab\u00a0It is established in religion that this,   unfortunately, is among the things in which the good will become evil and the   evil good\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This is the   worst kind of strife [fitna] and rebellion against Allah\u2019s religion &#8211;   [namely,] that we\u2026 should forbid a Muslim woman, who is modest and wants to do   God\u2019s will [from covering her hair]\u2026 Muslim scholars around the world must   condemn this\u2026\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb26\" title=\"[26] http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/18octobre06a.htm.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">26<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">*Syrian   Salafi Sheikh Abu Basir Al-Tartusi: \u00ab\u00a0<i>You Should All Rebel&#8230; Against This   Infidel And Apostate Tyrant&#8230; And His Regime<\/i>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Syrian Sheikh   Abu Basir Al-Tartusi, who is a prominent authority for the salafi-jihadi   movement, posted a fatwa on his website calling on Muslims to overthrow the   regime in Tunisia:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0&#8230; The tyrant   of Tunisia [i.e. President Ben \u2019Ali]&#8230; has not left untread any area where   Islam and Muslims may be fought, and he has not left any kind of heresy that   he has not done and also called on others to do. One of the latest of these   things was what his infidel, tyrant, base and evil-doing soul invented, when   he declared with his own mouth, and through his brazen and permissive media,   which parrots every false word that the tyrant vomits into it&#8230; \u2019The women\u2019s   head covering [hijab] is to be rejected, as it is an import and [a source of]   discord and sectarian dress, and is a danger to the essence of Tunisian   society\u2019!<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0This   declaration went beyond a mere declaration and statement of their rejection of   the obligation of the head covering, [and they went on] to wage war on the   head covering and on virtue &#8211; and this has been going on for decades &#8211; through   the force of [their] infidel law and with the whips of the oppressing   executioner. They forbade the head covering in every manifestation of official   life&#8230; and even in the streets&#8230; The honor of any woman seen in the street   with a hijab is considered fair game, and she is subjected to the attack of   the tyrant\u2019s mad dogs&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0The sight of   the head covering and women wearing it offends the sensibilities of the   atheists, the heretics, the sinful, and the libertines&#8230; because it reminds   them of the concepts of purity, modesty, virtue, proper behavior, decency, and   faith. They want these concepts to be buried alive and entirely wiped out&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Oh tyrant   [i.e. Ben \u2019Ali]: Know that Islam cannot be fought, and the head covering is a   part of Islam&#8230; for [it] is part of the natural religion with which Allah   endowed creation [i.e. Islam]&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Oh tyrant:   Before you, how many tyrants greater than you&#8230; fought Islam and the Muslims,   and fought the hijab&#8230; Where are they now?<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Oh tyrant:   Other tyrants &#8211; including your supporters and masters in the West &#8211; are   fighting the hijab and the chaste women from among the believers who wear it,   but none with your impudence and blatancy and malice&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0If there is   something that astounds me, it is the silence of the Islamic nation, its   religious scholars, and its preachers&#8230; When someone not from among us [i.e.   a non-Muslim], and not from our people and who does not [speak] our language,   slanders and mocks Islam, everyone reacts and denounces this&#8230; but if the   slander, aggression, and rejection of belief come&#8230; from among the Arab   tyrants, everyone (other than those on whom Allah has had mercy) remains   silent&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0As for you,   our people in Tunisia, may Allah be with you, and may He aid you and drive   away your worry and your grief and your great affliction&#8230; and relieve you   and your country of heresy and tyranny and the oppression of the tyrant, his   entourage, and his sorcerers. You should know that this tyrant&#8230; has no   authority over you, and [therefore] you should neither listen to him nor obey   him&#8230; [Instead] you should all&#8230; rebel against this infidel and apostate   tyrant and&#8230; [against] his regime&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb27\" title=\"[27] http:\/\/www.abubaseer.bizland.com, October 21, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">27<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">  *Egyptian Mufti \u2019Ali Jum\u2019a: <i>The Tunisian Government Has \u00ab\u00a0Violated Allah\u2019s   Word<\/i>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The Yemenite   news website almotamar.net quoted Egyptian Mufti \u2019Ali Jum\u2019a, who is the second   highest-ranking religious authority in the country, as saying: \u00ab\u00a0Any Arab or   Islamic state that prohibits the wearing of the head covering has, in this,   violated Allah\u2019s word and that of His Messenger [Muhammad], ventured against   one of Allah\u2019s commandments, and suspended a commandment that no one, ruler or   ruled, whoever he may be, can suspend, under any circumstance.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb28\" title=\"[28] http:\/\/www.almotamar.net\/news\/35914.htm, October 22, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">28<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">With regard to   the veil that leaves only the eyes uncovered (the niqab), the Qatari daily   Al-Raya quoted Jum\u2019a as saying: \u00ab\u00a0Without relating [specifically] to what   raised the question&#8230; [the veil is the subject of] differences of opinion in   jurisprudence that must be respected. The Shafi\u2019i school of jurisprudence is   for the veil, whereas the Maliki school [which is prevalent in North Africa]   says the complete opposite, and says that it is an unorthodox innovation   (bid\u2019a) and that it should not be worn unless this was the local custom, or   unless the woman in question is exceedingly beautiful&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb The Mufti said that   such questions should be discussed calmly and respectfully, and then concluded   by saying that in his view the niqab was not an obligation.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb29\" title=\"[29] Al-Raya (Qatar), October 23, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29<\/a>]   This latter question was likely prompted by local events in Egypt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The   Veil in Egypt<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">The   controversies in Tunisia and Britain intensified the debate sparked by Egypt\u2019s   own veil incident, which emerged when the president of Helwan University in   Cairo, \u2019Abd Al-Hay Ebaid, decided to prevent women wearing the veil (niqab)   from entering university grounds.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb30\" title=\"[30] http:\/\/www.middle-east-online.com\/?id=41968, October 20, (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30<\/a>]   The incident itself was more minor in scope than events in Tunisia, especially   as it concerned only the full veil. For instance, while the Muslim Brotherhood   attacked Ebaid\u2019s decision,\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb31\" title=\"[31] http:\/\/www.alltalaba.com\/news.php?act=2&amp;id=9834 ; October 18, (...)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">31<\/a>]   Dr. Muhammad \u2019Abdallah Al-Khatib, the \u00ab\u00a0Mufti\u00a0\u00bb of the Brotherhood, expressed   the same opinion as that of the Egyptian mufti &#8211; namely, that wearing the veil   is virtuous, but is not obligatory, and only the head covering (hijab) is a   religious obligation &#8211; and for this reason, and despite his criticism of the   university administration, he counseled the students to remove the veil, so as   not to prejudice their futures.\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb32\" title=\"[32] Al-Gumhuriya (Egypt), October 13, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">32<\/a>]   Later, though, Egyptian Culture Minister Farouq Hosni managed to unite against   himself not just the Muslim Brotherhood, but also scholars from Al-Azhar, when   he described the hijab as \u00ab\u00a0a call to reaction and backwardness.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb33\" title=\"[33] Al-Sharq Al-Awsat (London), November 17, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">33<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">While these   incidents were on a more minor scale than those in Tunisia, they came against   the backdrop both of the international context of the veil debate and the   ongoing Kulturkampf in Egypt between modernism and radical Islamism. Thus,   they were magnified and provoked a great deal of reaction in the media. The   Egyptian media often echoed its Tunisian counterpart by taking up two themes:   the marked rise in the popularity of the veil, and the role of Gulf influence   in eroding indigenous forms of religion and culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">*Roz   Al-Yousef: \u00ab\u00a0<i>Extremism Is Quietly Abducting The Country While We Sleep<\/i>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">In the opening   article in the October 28, 2006 edition of the weekly Roz Al-Yousef, \u2019Abdallah   Kemal wrote an impassioned plea to the modernist elite to combat the spread of   Islamism in Egypt:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Extremism is   quietly abducting the country while we sleep. I mean by this: 1) The marked   rise in the proportion of women, in wide sectors [of the public], who wear the   veil [niqab]; 2) The incessant increase in&#8230;[the phenomenon of] dressing   prepubescent girls in the head covering [hijab], especially in rural areas&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0We are facing   a generational catastrophe. Given that women are the pillar of the institution   of the family, what can we expect from veiled mothers other than generations   of the most extreme of extremists? We are facing a true political problem, for   what can one want of veiled families when they make their political decisions?   Will these families choose between various options, or will they flow directly   into the political receptacle of extremism?<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0All of this   requires us to sound the warning bells, especially since extremism is not &#8211; in   light of the retreat of the forces of enlightenment&#8230; &#8211; settling merely for   hoisting [its] banners above women\u2019s heads, but is continuing, with   unparalleled success, to hoist its flags above a new area of conquest, namely,   the heads of little girls&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0I criticize   [Egyptian liberals]: How can they be in a kind of strange, serene languor,   while this cancer completes its infiltration of the edifice of [people\u2019s]   minds and reinforces its control over the change in the character of the   state, even before it has gained power &#8211; though this is where it is headed&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0The state of   silence that the majority of the national newspapers have maintained, and   their&#8230; collective languor in refraining from fighting this reactionary   [movement], provide a completely fitting environment for the growth of   non-modern tendencies, and is leading to the undoing of the features of the   civil state, not to speak of the secular state&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0And even worse   is what many of the civil political forces are doing. They are playing with   fire and live coals, imagining that they are applying pressure on the   regime&#8230; when they make open or secret alliances [with the Islamists], and   they do not understand that they are selling their souls&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb34\" title=\"[34] Roz Al-Yousef (Egypt), October 28, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">34<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Other Egyptian   authors echoed the voices from Tunisia that warned of the erosion of   traditional local culture under a wave of extremism issuing from the Arabian   Peninsula. In the Egyptian government daily Al-Gumhuriya, Al-Sayyed \u2019Abd   Al-Ra\u2019uf wrote: \u00ab\u00a0A flood of Bedouin desert ideology and religious legal   thought is invading Egypt today, through tapes and books distributed by the   millions &#8211; for free, or for the lowest of prices &#8211; and through preachers &#8211; or   rather, propagandists&#8230; This Bedouin ideology diverts people from every   element of enlightenment:&#8230; knowledge, learning, technology, respect for the   other&#8230; Lofty Islam is limited to the robe&#8230; and the man\u2019s flowing beard and   the woman\u2019s veil. Women are turned into merely a sexual entity, whose only   role is to sate men\u2019s base desires&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Those who hold   to this ideology&#8230; have descended on this country [i.e. Egypt] like the   night. Their thinking has raised a generation of extremist youth, that has   entered into bloody struggles with its societies and its governments in the   Gulf [states]. These governments were left with no choice but to strike with   steel and fire&#8230; For those who repented, they opened the gates of repentance.   But for those who persisted in their sin, they opened the gloom of their   prisons. Some of them had no option but to look for new pastures for their   thinking, and they thought Egypt the most appropriate place to spread their   oppressive and ignorant [jahiliya] thinking&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb35\" title=\"[35] Al-Gumhuriya (Egypt), October 13, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">35<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">*Egyptian Poet:   \u00ab\u00a0The Veil Symbolizes Ancient Society, With All Its Discrimination, Violence,   And Arbitrariness\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">In an article   in the government daily Al-Ahram, Egyptian poet and intellectual Ahmad \u2019Abd   Al-Mu\u2019ti Hijazi, traced the history of the veil from its origins in   pre-Islamic desert culture to a central fact in relations between Muslims and   the West: \u00ab\u00a0All of a sudden, the veil has been transformed, from a face   covering worn by women is some closed Islamic environments to an issue   concerning many. Ever since the closed environments left their isolation and   made contact with open environments, the veil has gone beyond its original   function and has taken on a new significance that has divided the world&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0The woman in   Bedouin society is like land in peasant society. Bedouin customs make women   chattel owned by the man, who imposes his rule and his will on her&#8230; The veil   then symbolizes ancient society, with all of its discrimination, violence, and   arbitrariness. The man is a full human, and the woman half a human; the man   owns, and the woman is owned; the man is unblemished, and the woman is wholly   defective&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0Our female   forbears in Pharaonic times used to go unveiled, without a hijab and without a   niqab &#8211; until we lost our national independence and&#8230; [other] nations [i.e.   the Arab conquerors] imposed the head covering and the veil on us. [This was]   in order to reinforce the principle of discrimination that ruled all relations   &#8211; those between men and women, those between foreign invaders and natives, and   those between the arbitrary ruler and the subdued ruled.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0The Egyptian   woman was liberated from the head covering and the veil on the day that the   Egyptian nation was liberated, in the 1919 revolution, from the Turkish   invaders and the English imperialists, and recovered its lost independence.   But our defeat in the 1967 war set the path for wholesale apostasy [from   national liberalism], and the head covering and the veil were among its   manifestations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab\u00a0It should come   as no surprise that Gulf, Iranian, and Afghan styles of dress have spread   through some parts of Egypt in the last few decades. Their spread is a clear   expression of the fact that dress is tied up with the political and cultural   situation and of the retreat of feelings of identification with Egypt&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nb36\" title=\"[36] Al-Ahram (Egypt), October 25, 2006.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">36<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Source:<a href=\"http:\/\/memri.org\/bin\/articles.cgi?Page=archives&amp;Area=ia&amp;ID=IA30306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MEMRI<\/a>,   November 23, 2006.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">*Daniel Lav   is a Research Fellow at MEMRI. <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a>]  <i>Al-Quds Al-\u2019Arabi<\/i> (London), October 19, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a>]  <i>Al-Hayat<\/i> (London), October 20, 2006. In parallel, the Tunisian   pro-regime daily <i>Al-Shourouq<\/i> published an attack on Al-Jazeera on   October 21, 2006, accusing it of bias. The article was posted at   http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/21octobre06a.htm. The Islamic-leaning Algerian daily  <i>El-Shourouq<\/i> also reported that the independent Tunisian Hannibal   satellite TV channel was the victim of a smear campaign conducted by the   Tunisian state media, and was even threatened with closure, after having given   favorable coverage to veiled women in Tunisia.El-Shourouq (Algeria), October   15, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3<\/a>]  <i>Al-\u2019Arabiya<\/i> (London), September 21, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4<\/a>]   See Sheikh Rashed Al-Ghanoushi\u2019s statement in the name of Al-Nahdha;   http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/22octobre06a.htm, October 21, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5<\/a>]  <i>Al-Shourouq<\/i> (Tunisia), October 12, 2006; identical report in <i>  Al-Sabbah<\/i> (Tunisia), October 12, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6<\/a>]  <i>Al-Sabbah<\/i> (Tunisia), October 15, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7<\/a>]  <i>El-Watan<\/i> (Algeria), October 15, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.islamonline.net\/Arabic\/news\/2006-10\/05\/07.shtml.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">9<\/a>]  <i>Al-Shourouq<\/i> (Tunisia), October 13, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10<\/a>]  <i>Al-Rai<\/i> (Jordan), October 19, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11<\/a>]   http:\/\/tunezine.com<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">12<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.nahdha.net\/default.asp?contentid=1038. The weekly Le Maghreb noted   that the head of Al-Nahdha, Rashed Al-Ghanoushi, did not sign the document. Le   Maghreb saw this as a sign that his leadership is being contested, and said   that he has been firmly requested not to carry out his functions as head of   Al-Nahdha until the movement\u2019s next assembly.  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hebdo.amd-maghreb.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=blogcategory&amp;id=14&amp;Itemid=66\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">  www.hebdo.amd-maghreb.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13<\/a>]   The pro-regime press also published interviews with female students wearing   the head covering, in which they insist they are doing so out of personal   conviction, and are opposed to women who wear the veil (niqab) or other more   restrictive forms of clothing as political statement. See <i>Le Temps<\/i>   (Tunisia), October 17, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.alhiwar.net\/sms.php?id=37947&amp;db=1-s&amp;srv=com&amp;div=main.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15<\/a>]   The end of the message is signed by Hela Abdeljaoued, the president of the   association, but it is not clear whether it was she who wrote the message, or   whether the signature is part of the 2003 document.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">16<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/17octobre06f.htm , October 17, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">17<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.pdpinfo.org\/articlear.php3?id_article=3978.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.hebdo.amd-maghreb.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=96&amp;Itemid=27<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">19<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/NR\/exeres\/3E8E478E-5EBF-4D78-A8CD-05F86F4EA114.htm ,   October 10, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/16octobre06f.htm, October 16, 2006. The homepage of   this site, www.tunisnews.net, runs a ticker that says that it is impossible to   access the site inside Tunisia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.tunisie-talaba.net\/news\/tunisie-talaba4.htm A banner on the site   says that it has been blocked in Tunisia since October 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">22<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/opinions\/rebonds\/211550.FR.php.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">23<\/a>]   http:\/\/arabist.net\/archives\/2006\/10\/19\/tunisia-threatens-moncef-marzouki ,   October 20, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">24<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.pdpinfo.org\/articlear.php3?id_article=4027. October 22, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25<\/a>]   For more on Sheikh Abu Basir Al-Tartusi, see MEMRI Special Report No. 40,   \u00ab\u00a0Expatriate Syrian Salafi Sheikh Comes out Against Suicide Attacks,\u00a0\u00bb February   10, 2006:  <a href=\"http:\/\/memri.org\/bin\/articles.cgi?Page=archives&amp;Area=sr&amp;ID=SR4006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">  memri.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh26\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">26<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\/18octobre06a.htm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">27<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.abubaseer.bizland.com, October 21, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">28<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.almotamar.net\/news\/35914.htm, October 22, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29<\/a>]  <i>Al-Raya<\/i> (Qatar), October 23, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.middle-east-online.com\/?id=41968, October 20, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">31<\/a>]   http:\/\/www.alltalaba.com\/news.php?act=2&amp;id=9834 ; October 18, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">32<\/a>]  <i>Al-Gumhuriya<\/i> (Egypt), October 13, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">33<\/a>]  <i>Al-Sharq Al-Awsat<\/i> (London), November 17, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">34<\/a>]  <i>Roz Al-Yousef<\/i> (Egypt), October 28, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">35<\/a>]   Al-Gumhuriya (Egypt), October 13, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-GB\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/#nh36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">36<\/a>]  <i>Al-Ahram<\/i> (Egypt), October 25, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <b><span lang=\"FR\">  (Source: <\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span lang=\"FR\">  www.nawaat.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">,   le 23 novembre 2006)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p> <b> <span lang=\"EN-US\">  Lien\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"FR-CH\">:<\/span><span lang=\"FR-CH\"> <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/article.php3?id_article=1136\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">  http:\/\/www.nawaat.org\/portail\/article.php3?id_article=1136<\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>  \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p align=\"center\"> <span lang=\"FR\"><strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\">Terrorisme: divergences   Nord-Sud \u00e0 une r\u00e9union parlementaire m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <i><span lang=\"FR-CH\">AFP, le 24   novembre 2006 \u00e0 <\/span> <span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-SA\">09<\/span><span lang=\"FR\">h<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-SA\">39<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">RABAT, 24 nov 2006   (AFP) &#8211; La r\u00e9union des pr\u00e9sidents d&rsquo;assembl\u00e9es parlementaires de la   M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e occidentale, qui s&rsquo;est tenue jeudi et vendredi \u00e0 Rabat, a mis en   lumi\u00e8re les divergences qui opposent le Nord et le Sud sur le terrorisme et   sur l&rsquo;islam.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab\u00a0L&rsquo;Occident a   adopt\u00e9 une politique de deux poids, deux mesures \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard des musulmans et   associe souvent le terrorisme et l&rsquo;Islam alors que c&rsquo;est une religion de paix,   sauf pour les ignorants\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Souleimane Sassi Al Shahoumi, secr\u00e9taire   des affaires ext\u00e9rieures du congr\u00e8s g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du peuple de Libye.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Il a regrett\u00e9   qu&rsquo;aux Etats-Unis, selon lui, \u00ab\u00a0on ne puisse monter dans un avion si on   s&rsquo;appelle Mohamed ou Ali, et qu&rsquo;en Europe des journalistes ignares associent   le proph\u00e8te Mahomet au terrorisme\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Lors de cette   troisi\u00e8me r\u00e9union des pr\u00e9sidents de parlement du forum \u00ab\u00a05+5\u00a0\u00bb, le   vice-pr\u00e9sident de l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale alg\u00e9rienne Sa\u00efd Bana\u00efda, a soulign\u00e9   pour sa part que les \u00ab\u00a0asym\u00e9tries\u00a0\u00bb favorisaient terrorisme..<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Dans la lutte   contre \u00ab\u00a0cette pand\u00e9mie d&rsquo;un nouveau genre que repr\u00e9sente pour l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 le   terrorisme, il ne faut pas favoriser l&rsquo;apparition de terreaux d&rsquo;injustice,   d&rsquo;in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, d&rsquo;asym\u00e9tries, de frustration d&rsquo;exclusion ou de d\u00e9ni de droit qui   nourrissent les extr\u00e9mismes de tous bords\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il avanc\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le dialogue des   \u00ab\u00a05+5\u00a0\u00bb regroupe cinq pays europ\u00e9ens de la rive sud de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e (Espagne,   France, Italie, Malte et\u00a0 Portugal) et les cinq pays de l&rsquo;Union du Maghreb   arabe (Alg\u00e9rie, Libye, Maroc,<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Mauritanie et   Tunisie).<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">L&rsquo;autre   repr\u00e9sentant du Maghreb Fouad Mebazaa, pr\u00e9sident de la Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s de   Tunisie a aussi enfonc\u00e9 le clou. \u00ab\u00a0Il faut faire \u00e9chec \u00e0 cette id\u00e9e de choc   entre les civilisations occidentale chr\u00e9tienne et arabo-islamique\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab\u00a0Les promoteurs de   cette th\u00e9orie visent \u00e0 l&rsquo;amalgame entre islam et terrorisme, \u00e0   l&rsquo;identification du monde arabo-musulman \u00e0 +l&rsquo;axe du mal+ et \u00e0 d\u00e9clarer   pr\u00e9tendument la guerre au terrorisme dans le<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">monde, alors m\u00eame   que la majeure partie des Arabes et des musulmans consid\u00e8rent qu&rsquo;une telle   guerre visent leur civilisation et leur religion\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Face \u00e0 eux, les   parlementaires europ\u00e9ens ont r\u00e9torqu\u00e9 que les torts \u00e9taient partag\u00e9s. \u00ab\u00a0Les   pays du Sud doivent chercher \u00e0 s&rsquo;imbriquer davantage dans les strat\u00e9gies   occidentales de lutte contre le terrorisme en abandonnant une certaine   suspicion ou m\u00e9fiance qu&rsquo;ils ont \u00e0 vis-\u00e0 vis de l&rsquo;Europe sur cette question\u00a0\u00bb,   a indiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;AFP Pierluigi Castagnetti, vice-pr\u00e9sident de la Chambre des   d\u00e9put\u00e9s italiens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab\u00a0Je pense que   l&rsquo;Europe a le sentiment que les pays du sud ne s&rsquo;engagent pas suffisamment   (dans ce domaine) et qu&rsquo;ils attendent que ce soit l&rsquo;Europe qui r\u00e9solve les   probl\u00e8mes \u00e0 leur place\u00a0\u00bb a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Pour le pr\u00e9sident   de l&rsquo;assembl\u00e9e portugaise Jaime Gama, les choses sont claires: \u00ab\u00a0Le terrorisme   pose certes un probl\u00e8me aux pays europ\u00e9ens mais il n&rsquo;a pas les moyens   d&rsquo;annihiler ou de d\u00e9truire un Etat europ\u00e9en\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il constat\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab\u00a0En revanche, le   terrorisme, en tant que tactique de l\u00e9gitimation dans les pays musulmans, pose   un menace r\u00e9elle au peuple et au syst\u00e8me politique. C&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire que tout en   brandissant l&rsquo;Europe ou le monde chr\u00e9tien comme des ennemis, le terrorisme   fera ses victimes dans les pays arabes (&#8230;) Le vrai front se situe au sein de   ces pays\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il soulign\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Face \u00e0 cette   situation, le pr\u00e9sident de l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e Nationale fran\u00e7aise Jean-Louis Debr\u00e9 a   estim\u00e9 que \u00ab\u00a0la diabolisation de l&rsquo;Occident d&rsquo;un c\u00f4t\u00e9, la suspicion envers   l&rsquo;islam de l&rsquo;autre, suscitent autant de st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes dangereux que nous devons   combattre ensemble, car m\u00eame si nous appartenons \u00e0 des univers diff\u00e9rents,   nous constituons une m\u00eame humanit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">La prochaine   assembl\u00e9e parlementaire de 5+5 doit se tenir en<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"DE-CH\">2007 en Italie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"DE-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-US\">AFP <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h6 align=\"center\" style=\"color: blue;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font size=\"3\"> <span lang=\"FR\"><font size=\"3\">L&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie press\u00e9e de   prendre sa part du g\u00e2teau touristique<\/font> <font size=\"3\">mondial<\/font><\/span><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/h6>\n<p> <span lang=\"DE-CH\"><strong><font>Par Hassen ZENATI<\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"DE-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">ALGER, 24 nov 2006   (AFP) &#8211; L&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie veut s&rsquo;\u00e9quiper et faire conna\u00eetre ses divers sites pour   prendre sa part du g\u00e2teau du tourisme mondial, qui a affich\u00e9 quelque 650   milliards de dollars de revenus en 2005 et plus de 800 millions de touristes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab\u00a0L&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie peut et   doit rattraper son retard, notamment sur ses voisins du bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en\u00a0\u00bb,   a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;AFP Noureddine<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Moussa, ministre   alg\u00e9rien du tourisme, qui vient d&rsquo;\u00e9laborer une strat\u00e9gie pour \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;horizon   2015\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le bassin   m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, principale destination touristique mondiale, devrait accueillir   en 2025 quelque 400 millions de<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">touristes, selon   l&rsquo;Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme (OMT), qui a tenu cette semaine un conseil   ex\u00e9cutif \u00e0 Alger.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Alors que la   Tunisie et le Maroc affichaient respectivement 6,4 et 6,1 millions d&rsquo;entr\u00e9es   touristiques en 2005, l&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie n&rsquo;a accueilli que 1,5 million, dont 1 million   d&rsquo;\u00e9migr\u00e9s alg\u00e9riens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">De 1992 \u00e0 2002, le   tourisme alg\u00e9rien a subi de plein fouet les retomb\u00e9es des affrontements   sanglants entre l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e et les groupes arm\u00e9s islamistes. \u00ab\u00a0Les ann\u00e9es 1990 ont   \u00e9t\u00e9 les pires ann\u00e9es du tourisme alg\u00e9rien, qui ne pouvait pas coexister avec   le terrorisme et le d\u00e9sordre\u00a0\u00bb, souligne M. Moussa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Mais, \u00ab\u00a0une   destination touristique se construit et c&rsquo;est un travail de longue haleine   auquel l&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie est d\u00e9sormais attel\u00e9e, consciente de ses atouts naturels et   d\u00e9cid\u00e9e \u00e0 relever les d\u00e9fis\u00a0\u00bb, ajoute cet ing\u00e9nieur des travaux publics.   L&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie devrait \u00eatre pr\u00eate \u00e0 l&rsquo;horizon 2015 \u00e0 recevoir 4 millions de   touristes, dont la moiti\u00e9 au moins d&rsquo;\u00e9trangers, esp\u00e8re-t-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Sur la base d&rsquo;une   moyenne de 5 nuit\u00e9es par touriste, ils devraient g\u00e9n\u00e9rer 20 millions de   nuit\u00e9es et des r\u00e9cettes \u00e9valu\u00e9es \u00e0 900 millions de dollars, contre 173 M USD   en 2004, estime-t-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le ministre en   escompte aussi un effet indirect: dissuader une partie des 1,4 million   d&rsquo;Alg\u00e9riens de prendre leurs vacances \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tranger, et r\u00e9aliser une \u00e9conomie   substantielle en devises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Avec seulement une   dizaine d&rsquo;h\u00f4tels de classe internationale, l&rsquo;offre touristique alg\u00e9rienne est   faible. Elle souffre d&rsquo;un environnement peu attractif pour le touriste &#8211; peu   de f\u00eates et de festivals &#8211; d&rsquo;un service de m\u00e9diocre qualit\u00e9 et de l&rsquo;absence   d&rsquo;un \u00ab\u00a0paquet\u00a0\u00bb touristique int\u00e9gr\u00e9, associant d\u00e9placement, s\u00e9jour et   attractions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Pour M. Moussa, la   strat\u00e9gie touristique d\u00e9cennale, s&rsquo;articule autour de 4 axes: rattraper le   retard d&rsquo;infrastructure et mettre \u00e0 niveau l&rsquo;infrastructure existante &#8211; dont   plusieurs h\u00f4tels de qualit\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">&#8211; am\u00e9liorer les   prestations, \u00e9lever la formation et promouvoir la \u00ab\u00a0destination Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0\u00bb par   d&rsquo;intenses campagnes de communication.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Le gouvernement a   adopt\u00e9 mercredi le d\u00e9cret fixant les modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9trocession ou de   concession de terrains au sein des 172 zones d&rsquo;expansion touristiques du pays.   Ce d\u00e9cret va faciliter la promotion de l&rsquo;investissement \u00e9tranger dans ces   zones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab\u00a0Nous sommes   ouverts \u00e0 tous les investisseurs &#8211; nationaux et\/ou \u00e9trangers &#8211; dans le respect   de l&rsquo;environnement et des cahiers de charge\u00a0\u00bb, souligne M. Moussa. Il indique   avoir sur son bureau plus de 700 candidatures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Selon M. Moussa,   tous les segments touristiques de l&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie seront exploit\u00e9s: \u00e9cotourisme,   tourisme culturel, d&rsquo;affaires, baln\u00e9aire, sportif et saharien. Cependant, une   priorit\u00e9 sera accord\u00e9e a ce dernier qui constitue, selon lui, \u00ab\u00a0un r\u00e9el atout\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">Cinq p\u00f4les de   tourisme saharien sont en voie de constitution: le Hoggar, le Tassili   (disposant d&rsquo;un mus\u00e9e \u00e0 ciel ouvert de fresques uniques au monde), les Oasis,   le M&rsquo;Zab et le Touat Gourara. Ces destinations auront pour plateforme a\u00e9rienne   Gharda\u00efa, capitale du M&rsquo;Zab.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab\u00a0La Sahara   alg\u00e9rien est l&rsquo;un des plus beaux du monde et l&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie se classe en 2e   position apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;Italie concernant son patrimoine ach\u00e9ologique, avec sept   monuments et sites class\u00e9s patrimoine de l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, souligne le ministre.   Il\u00a0 veut en faire la \u00ab\u00a0force de frappe\u00a0\u00bb du tourisme alg\u00e9rien.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"DE-CH\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span lang=\"EN-US\">AFP<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div>  \u00a0<\/div>\n<div> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<h2 style=\"color: red;\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\"><strong>Tour de vis en Alg\u00e9rie<\/strong><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong><em><font size=\"3\">Les     sanctions seront durcies et les \u00e9coutes et perquisitions l\u00e9galis\u00e9es.<\/font><\/em> <\/strong><\/font> <\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">    \u00a0<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong>Par Jos\u00e9 GAR\u00c7ON<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n<div>    \u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\n<div> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font>L&rsquo;affaire n&rsquo;est pas de       nature \u00e0 mobiliser les foules dans un pays o\u00f9 la population est persuad\u00e9e       que les services de renseignements sont tout-puissants et qu&rsquo;ils       constituent m\u00eame la vraie colonne vert\u00e9brale du r\u00e9gime. Pourtant, au terme       d&rsquo;amendements au code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale vot\u00e9s mardi par le S\u00e9nat, des       pratiques jusqu&rsquo;ici occultes vont \u00eatre l\u00e9galis\u00e9es. Elles visent       officiellement des malfaiteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s et sont cens\u00e9es r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une       petite d\u00e9linquance qui a pris des proportions alarmantes. Mais certaines       mesures s&rsquo;appliquent aussi aux <em>\u00abcondamn\u00e9s pour actes de terrorisme\u00bb.\u00a0<\/em><\/font><\/font><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">La police alg\u00e9rienne pourra,     quoi qu&rsquo;il en soit, proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques, intercepter et     contr\u00f4ler le courrier, perquisitionner \u00e0 tout moment, donnant de larges     pr\u00e9rogatives aux juges d&rsquo;instruction et aux procureurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux. Ce code     introduit aussi des dispositions au profit des plaignants et le renforcement     des droits de la partie civile lors de l&rsquo;introduction de l&rsquo;action civile     devant la justice p\u00e9nale. Le S\u00e9nat a aussi vot\u00e9 des amendements par lesquels     les r\u00e9cidivistes ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront plus de remises de peine. <em>\u00abLes d\u00e9tenus     ayant un casier judiciaire charg\u00e9 et les r\u00e9cidivistes ne sortiront pas de     prison avant d&rsquo;avoir purg\u00e9 la totalit\u00e9 de leur peine\u00bb,\u00a0<\/em>a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le     ministre alg\u00e9rien de la Justice, Tayeb Bela\u00efz. Les condamn\u00e9s pour actes     terroristes ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront pas des avantages accord\u00e9s aux droit commun     dans les prisons, a-t-il affirm\u00e9, sans pr\u00e9ciser les avantages dont il     s&rsquo;agissait.<\/font><\/div>\n<div> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Ce durcissement aurait \u00e9t\u00e9     d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;issue d&rsquo;une \u00e9tude d&rsquo;experts, \u00e0 laquelle participaient des     magistrats, qui estimait que <em>\u00ables mesures d&rsquo;assouplissement des peines     encouragent directement ou indirectement les crimes\u00bb.\u00a0<\/em>En outre, un     amendement pr\u00e9voit la <em>\u00abcriminalisation\u00bb\u00a0<\/em>de certains faits en     consid\u00e9rant des vols comme des d\u00e9lits, de m\u00eame qu&rsquo;il durcit les sanctions de     crimes touchant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des personnes et des biens.<\/font><\/div>\n<div> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">D\u00e9j\u00e0, la semaine derni\u00e8re, le     procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;Alger avait confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;aggravation des peines contre la     petite d\u00e9linquance : les auteurs de vols \u00e0 la tire (portables, bijoux,     sacs&#8230;) et les responsables de coups et blessures avec armes seront     passibles de cinq \u00e0 dix ans de prison.<\/font><\/div>\n<div> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong>(avec AFP)<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n<div> <strong>(Sourc:\u00a0Lib\u00e9ration le \u00a0vendredi 24 novembre 2006)     <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/actualite\/monde\/219086.FR.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong>    http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/actualite\/monde\/219086.FR.php<\/strong><\/font><\/a><\/div>\n<p> <\/font><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr\/>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: blue;\"><font size=\"3\"><strong>Six imams   expuls\u00e9s d&rsquo;un avion pour avoir pri\u00e9 \u00e0 Minneapolis<\/strong><\/font><\/h3>\n<p><\/font><\/div>\n<div>     \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0LE MONDE | 23.11.06 | 14h18\u00a0 .\u00a0 Mis \u00e0 jour le 23.11.06 | 14h18   \u00a0 WASHINGTON CORRESPONDANTE   \u00a0\u00a0 ix imams ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9barqu\u00e9s d&rsquo;un avion de la compagnie am\u00e9ricaine US   Airways, lundi 20 novembre, \u00e0 Minneapolis (Minnesota) au motif que leur   comportement \u00e9tait \u00ab\u00a0suspect\u00a0\u00bb. Le pilote a pris cette d\u00e9cision apr\u00e8s avoir re\u00e7u   un message alarmant de l&rsquo;un des passagers. \u00ab\u00a0Six hommes arabes suspects \u00e0 bord.   Ils occupent des si\u00e8ges espac\u00e9s. Avant de monter, ils \u00e9taient tous ensemble.   Ils ont dit : \u00ab\u00a0Allah, Allah&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb et d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 l&rsquo;engagement am\u00e9ricain contre   Saddam. Il y en a un \u00e0 la place 8 D, un autre \u00e0 la 22 D, et deux aux 25 E et   F&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb indiquait la note.\u00a0   \u00a0 Les six dignitaires religieux \u00e9taient venus assister \u00e0 une conf\u00e9rence de la   F\u00e9d\u00e9ration nord-am\u00e9ricaine des imams, \u00e0 laquelle le FBI (police f\u00e9d\u00e9rale)   avait d&rsquo;ailleurs \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9. Ils rentraient ensemble \u00e0 Phoenix (Arizona). Le   FBI est venu les chercher dans l&rsquo;appareil. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 menott\u00e9s, interrog\u00e9s   s\u00e9par\u00e9ment puis rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s sans qu&rsquo;aucune charge soit retenue \u00e0 leur encontre.   Ils ont d\u00fb changer de destination et voyager avec une autre compagnie.\u00a0   \u00a0 L&rsquo;un des expuls\u00e9s, Omar Shahin, pr\u00e9sident de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des imams, a   appel\u00e9 au boycottage d&rsquo;US Airways. Il a confirm\u00e9 que le groupe avait effectu\u00e9   la pri\u00e8re rituelle dans l&rsquo;a\u00e9rogare, mais d\u00e9menti que qui que ce soit ait   entonn\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Allah, Allah&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de l&rsquo;avion.   \u00a0 Le Conseil des relations am\u00e9ricano-islamiques (CAIR), principale association   de d\u00e9fense des musulmans, a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 un incident \u00ab\u00a0particuli\u00e8rement   pr\u00e9occupant\u00a0\u00bb. Son directeur ex\u00e9cutif, Nihad Awad, a soulign\u00e9 que la pri\u00e8re est   une \u00ab\u00a0pratique sacr\u00e9e et obligatoire\u00a0\u00bb et que la remettre en cause revient \u00e0   contrevenir \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de religion garantie par la Constitution am\u00e9ricaine.   Il a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 le nombre croissant de cas de discrimination \u00e0 l&rsquo;encontre de   voyageurs musulmans dans les a\u00e9roports.   \u00a0 Le d\u00e9partement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure a annonc\u00e9 l&rsquo;ouverture d&rsquo;une enqu\u00eate   sur le comportement de la compagnie. Celle-ci a affirm\u00e9 avoir agi dans le   respect de ses proc\u00e9dures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00ab\u00a0ne pas tol\u00e9rer la discrimination\u00a0\u00bb.   \u00a0 Un cas comparable s&rsquo;\u00e9tait produit le 1er septembre. Un voyageur avait \u00e9t\u00e9   contraint de descendre de l&rsquo;avion d&rsquo;Air Canada assurant la liaison   Montr\u00e9al-New York. Des passagers l&rsquo;avaient entendu prier \u00e0 bord. Ils avaient   rapport\u00e9 l&rsquo;incident au personnel, en assurant qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;un musulman :   un rapide interrogatoire avait \u00e9tabli que le passager \u00e9tait&#8230; un juif   orthodoxe.\u00a0   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Corine Lesnes<\/div>\n<div> <strong><font>\u00a0 (Source: Le Monde du 24.11.06)<\/font><\/strong>   \u00a0\u00a0    \u00a0 Source:\u00a0  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/web\/article\/0,1-0@2-3222,36-837744@51-837854,0.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">  http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/web\/article\/0,1-0@2-3222,36-837744@51-837854,0.html<\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tunisnews.net\"><span>Home<\/span><span lang=\"FR-CH\"> &#8211; Accueil <\/span><span>&#8211; <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><b><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home &#8211; Accueil &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 TUNISNEWS 7\u00a0\u00e8me\u00a0ann\u00e9e, N\u00b0\u00a02377 du 24.11.2006 \u00a0archives : www.tunisnews.net \u00a0AISPP: Communiqu\u00e9 C.R.L.D.H. Tunisie: FLASH-INFOS Luiza Toscane: Erreur sur la personne ! Ramla: Moment Tant Attendu &#8211; Lib\u00e9ration De H. Ben Abdelmalek Houcine Ghali: Un seul terrain de foot vetuiste pour 49.000 habitants a jebeniana!! Nawaat: The War over the Veil in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[63,37,29],"class_list":["post-18770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-63","tag-37","tag-fr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18770"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18770\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}