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TUNISNEWS<\/strong><\/span> <\/font><\/font> <\/div>\n
7\u00a0\u00e8me\u00a0ann\u00e9e, N\u00b0\u00a02194 du 25.05.2006<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u00a0archives : <\/font> www.tunisnews.net<\/font><\/a><\/blink><\/span><\/b> <\/font> <\/div>\n
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El Maoukif: Sadok Chourou derriere les barreaux V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action: Le r\u00e9gime tunisien acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la r\u00e9pression <\/font> OMCT – FIDH: Les actes de harc\u00e8lement \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des d\u00e9fenseurs se poursuivent<\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
Communiqu\u00e9 du Forum D\u00e9mocratique pour le travail et les libert\u00e9s<\/font><\/span> FTCR: La LTDH doit pouvoir tenir son congr\u00e8s, pour le plus grand profit des citoyens tunisiens Communique commun\u00a0 : Nous rejetons la tentative du comit\u00e9 directeur de la LTDH de tenir le congr\u00e8s de la Ligue malgr\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de justice<\/font> AFP: Congr\u00e8s de la LTDH pr\u00e9vu malgr\u00e9 un jugement R\u00e9pression des militants de droits humains marocains<\/font> Compte rendu de reunion – Assemblee generale du CSGFen Tunisie Noticias: Ici on respire la libert\u00e9 <\/font>Tunisian Association of Journalists:The Reality of Press Liberties in Tunisia Tribune de Gen\u00e8ve :Qui \u00eates-vous Anouar Gharbi?<\/font> Jeune Afrique: Dans la t\u00eate d\u2019un ado tunisien Lib\u00e9ration: En Alg\u00e9rie, le changement de Premier ministre t\u00e9moigne d’un nouveau rapport de forces au sommet du pouvoir<\/font> Le Monde: M. Bouteflika consolide son pouvoir contre la tutelle des \u00ab\u00a0services\u00a0\u00bb Edito du Monde: Danger taliban<\/font><\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Derri\u00e8re les barreaux<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Sadok Chourou<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Cela fait quinze ans que le docteur Sadok Chourou est s\u00e9questr\u00e9 derri\u00e8re les barreaux du pavillon E de la prison du 9 avril, en isolement total.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Il est n\u00e9 le 13 f\u00e9vrier 1984 (*). Il est professeur d\u2019universit\u00e9, titulaire d\u2019un doctorat d\u2019Etat en physique chimie et professeur assistant \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine et \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de sciences de Tunis. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9 par le tribunal militaire de Tunis dans l\u2019affaire du mouvement En Nahdha et depuis cette date, sa famille ravale son amertume et se rend d\u2019une prison \u00e0 l\u2019autre pour lui rendre visite.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Parmi les cons\u00e9quences destructrices sur la famille de Sadok Chourou : son fils Ouajih a eu des troubles psychiques et il est soign\u00e9 pour maladie nerveuse, ce qui l\u2019a contraint \u00e0 arr\u00eater ses \u00e9tudes. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Quant aux autres enfants : Hajer est professeur et est mari\u00e9e, Asma fait un troisi\u00e8me cycle et Islam est en sixi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e secondaire ; ce dernier est priv\u00e9 de son p\u00e8re depuis qu\u2019il a eu trois ans. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9pouse de Sadok Chourou a du quitter son domicile et retourner vivre dans sa famille pour faire vivre ses enfants sur les \u00e9conomies de loyer. Mais le propri\u00e9taire, le pr\u00e9sident de la Chooba, a refus\u00e9 de bloquer le loyer pendant quelques huit mois et elle n\u2019a obtenu gain de cause que sur jugement du tribunal.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Sadok Chourou souffre de plusieurs maladies dues \u00e0 la longueur de son incarc\u00e9ration : baisse de la vue, rhumatismes. Les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l\u2019homme qui avaient assist\u00e9 \u00e0 son proc\u00e8s l\u2019avaient qualifi\u00e9 d\u2019in\u00e9quitable et exig\u00e9 sa lib\u00e9ration imm\u00e9diate.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
(*) sic, LT<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Source : El Maoukif, n\u00b0360 du 19 mai 2006-05-25 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
(Traduction ni revue ni corrig\u00e9e par les auteurs de la version en arabe, LT)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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La LTDH en congr\u00e8s, les avocats en gr\u00e8ve de la faim\u00a0:<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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Le r\u00e9gime tunisien acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la r\u00e9pression<\/font> <\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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La ligue tunisienne des droits de l\u2019homme (LTDH) a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019organiser son 6^{\u00e8me<\/sup> congr\u00e8s les 27 et 28 mai 2006. Ce congr\u00e8s, pr\u00e9vu initialement il y a neuf mois et interdit par les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes, aura lieu dans un climat tr\u00e8s tendu et hostile aux d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de la personne en Tunisie.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n}
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Des membres de la ligue proches du pouvoir ont emp\u00each\u00e9 la tenue du congr\u00e8s pr\u00e9vu initialement du 9 au 11 Septembre 2005. Ils ont fait recours \u00e0 la justice pour demander l\u2019annulation de ce congr\u00e8s, annulation accord\u00e9e par le tribunal. Un second jugement est pr\u00e9vu le 03 juin prochain. Ces m\u00eames membres menacent de faire intervenir les forces de l\u2019ordre pour emp\u00eacher la tenue de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale pr\u00e9vue pour le 27 et le 28 mai. <\/font> <\/span><\/p>\n
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Rappelons que la LTDH, fond\u00e9e en 1977, est la doyenne des associations de d\u00e9fense des droits de la personne en Afrique et dans le monde arabe. Elle est la cible des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes qui tentent de mettre la main sur une organisation reconnue mais \u00ab\u00a0dissidente\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9rangeante\u00a0\u00bb. La Ligue lutte pour son ind\u00e9pendance face \u00e0 un r\u00e9gime habit\u00e9 par le monopole des associations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. L\u2019instrumentalisation du tissu associatif est une politique suivie par les pouvoirs en place dans l\u2019objectif de gagner des voix qui soient au service de ses int\u00e9r\u00eats et applaudissant \u00ab\u00a0ses acquis\u00a0\u00bb. Le mod\u00e8le type recherch\u00e9 de ces associations \u00ab\u00a0v\u00e9ritablement gouvernementales\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9tait massivement pr\u00e9sent lors des travaux du Sommet mondial de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile pour embellir l\u2019image du r\u00e9gime. <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Toujours pour intimider la Ligue, des journaux \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du pouvoir en place, ont orchestr\u00e9 des attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9titives \u00e0 son encontre, l\u2019accusant d\u2019ouvrir la voie \u00e0 l\u2019ing\u00e9rence \u00e9trang\u00e8re dans les affaires tunisiennes.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Ce congr\u00e8s intervient \u00e0 la fin d\u2019une semaine mouvement\u00e9e, marqu\u00e9e par des \u00e9v\u00e9nements sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Les autorit\u00e9s passent \u00e0 une vitesse sup\u00e9rieure dans la r\u00e9pression des forces de l\u2019opposition.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Ainsi, l\u2019intervention muscl\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des avocats le 23 mai constitue une atteinte grave au barreau tunisien. \u00a0<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Lors d\u2019un rassemblement au palais de justice de Tunis, sur demande du conseil de l\u2019ordre des avocats, la police est intervenue d\u2019une mani\u00e8re sauvage. Ma\u00eetres Samir Dilou et Khaled Krichi ont \u00e9t\u00e9 hospitalis\u00e9s d\u2019urgence apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment agress\u00e9s. Des dizaines d\u2019autres tabass\u00e9s et bless\u00e9s par les policiers sans aucune consid\u00e9ration au statut qu\u2019ils repr\u00e9sentent. Quelques jours auparavant, des avocates avaient men\u00e9s une gr\u00e8ve de la faim pour protester contre l\u2019agression verbale d\u2019un policier contre l\u2019une de leurs coll\u00e8gues venant soutenir les avocats lors d\u2019un sit-in de protestation contre un projet de loi portant cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un institut de formation d\u2019avocats, impos\u00e9 par le pouvoir politique et vot\u00e9 par la chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Ce samedi 27 mai 2006, les avocats tunisiens annoncent une gr\u00e8ve de la faim pour protester contre la dite loi et revendiquer leur droit \u00e0 \u00eatre entendu. Il est invraisemblable que les avocats soient malmen\u00e9s par la police et qu\u2019ils se trouvent oblig\u00e9s de choisir la faim pour faire entendre leur voix aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un r\u00e9gime soi-disant membre du nouveau conseil des droits de l\u2019homme. <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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Dimanche 21 mai, s\u2019est tenu l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la section de Tunis <\/u> d\u2019Amnesty International. Des policiers ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 M. Yves Steiner, membre d\u2019AI Suisse, et invit\u00e9 du congr\u00e8s. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 sans aucune explication. Dans une interview accord\u00e9e au service de l\u2019information de V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action, M Steiner d\u00e9clare qu\u2019 \u00ab\u00a0<\/i><\/span>il y a une volont\u00e9 des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes de faire payer ceux et celles qui ont us\u00e9 du Sommet Mondial sur la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l’Information (SMSI) de Tunis en novembre 2005 pour parler de la situation des droits humains en Tunisie.\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><\/i><\/font><\/p>\n
Le lendemain, soit le lundi 22 mai, l\u2019ex-pr\u00e9sident de la section de Tunis d\u2019AI, Hichem Osman, a \u00e9t\u00e9 entendu par la police.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action<\/span><\/b> qui a, \u00e0 maintes reprises, attir\u00e9 l\u2019attention sur les lendemains difficiles du SMSI, observe avec crainte cette d\u00e9gradation tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieuse de la situation des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l\u2019homme dans le pays.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action\u00a0<\/span><\/b>: <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Salue les efforts et les sacrifices de la Ligue Tunisienne des Droits de l\u2019Homme et de tous ses militants pour pr\u00e9server son independence \u00a0<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Appelle tous les militants des droits de l\u2019homme tunisiens et les ami(e)s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile tunisienne \u00e0 rester vigilants lors du congr\u00e8s de la LTDH qui risque de se d\u00e9rouler dans des conditions difficiles voire interdit. <\/span> <\/font><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Assure les avocats tunisiens ainsi que la LTDH de son soutien total dans leur combat pour leur ind\u00e9pendance.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Condamne fermement les agissements de la police tunisienne lors de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019Amnesty International.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Appelle les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes \u00e0 respecter les nombreuses conventions sign\u00e9es et ses engagements internationaux pour prot\u00e9ger les libert\u00e9s et les droits de l\u2019homme.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n
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Fribourg, le 26 Mai 2006<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action<\/font><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Safwa Aissa<\/font><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Pr\u00e9sidente<\/font><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
info@verite-action.org<\/font><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
www.verite-action.org<\/font><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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A la veille du 6\u00e8me congr\u00e8s de la Ligue tunisienne des droits de l\u2019homme (LTDH), la r\u00e9pression polici\u00e8re s\u2019abat de nouveau sur les avocats tunisiens et les d\u00e9fenseurs des libert\u00e9s fondamentales en Tunisie<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Les actes de harc\u00e8lement \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des d\u00e9fenseurs se poursuivent<\/font><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
24\/05\/2006<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
L\u2019Organisation mondiale contre la torture (OMCT) et la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration internationale des ligues des droits de l\u2019Homme (FIDH), dans le cadre de leur programme conjoint, l\u2019Observatoire pour la protection des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l\u2019Homme, expriment leur indignation suite aux diff\u00e9rents actes de harc\u00e8lement dont ont fait l\u2019objet les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l\u2019Homme en Tunisie ces derniers jours.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
En effet, le 23 mai 2006, un rassemblement d\u2019avocats qui entendaient manifester contre la loi portant cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un Institut de formation des avocats, adopt\u00e9e le 9 mai 2006 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale, et qui, selon le Conseil national de l\u2019Ordre des avocats, porte atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la profession, a \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment dispers\u00e9 par la police pr\u00e8s du Palais de justice de Tunis. Ainsi, pr\u00e8s d\u2019une vingtaine d\u2019avocats se sont vus mettre \u00e0 terre, rou\u00e9s de coups de pieds et de matraques, et insult\u00e9s, dont Me Sa\u00efda Garrach, Me Abderrazak Kilani, membre du Conseil national de l\u2019ordre des avocats tunisiens et membre du Centre tunisien pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la justice (CTIJ), Me Ayachi Hammami, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la section de Tunis de la Ligue tunisienne des droits de l\u2019Homme (LTDH), Me Samir Dilou, membre du bureau de l\u2019Association internationale de soutien aux prisonniers politiques (AISPP), Me Khaled Krichi, membre fondateur de l\u2019AISPP et ancien secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Association des jeunes avocats, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9s. Me Abderraouf Ayadi, ancien membre du Conseil de l\u2019Ordre, membre et ancien secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Conseil national pour les libert\u00e9s en Tunisie (CNLT), s\u2019est, quant \u00e0 lui, vu d\u00e9chirer sa robe d\u2019avocat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
De surcro\u00eet, le bureau du B\u00e2tonnier a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une effraction, suivie d\u2019une altercation entre les policiers et les membres du Conseil national pr\u00e9sents sur place, qui ont tent\u00e9 en vain d\u2019emp\u00eacher les agresseurs de saccager le bureau, et d\u2019emporter les documents confidentiels de l\u2019Ordre national des avocats.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
L\u2019Observatoire rappelle que le 11 mai 2006, Me Ayachi Hammami, Me Abderraouf Ayadi, et Me Abderrazak Kilani, avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 agress\u00e9s par des agents de la police politique, devant la Maison du Barreau des avocats, situ\u00e9e en face du Palais de Justice \u00e0 Tunis, alors qu\u2019ils prenaient part \u00e0 un sit-in afin de protester contre l\u2019annonce, faite la veille, de la pr\u00e9sentation du projet de loi mentionn\u00e9 ci-dessus (Cf. Appel urgent de l\u2019Observatoire TUN 002\/0506\/OBS 059, dat\u00e9 du 12 mai 2006).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Par ailleurs, l\u2019Observatoire rappelle que le 21 mai 2006, M. Yves Steiner, membre du Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif de la section suisse d\u2019Amnesty International, a \u00e9t\u00e9 interpell\u00e9 par la police alors qu\u2019il participait \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la section tunisienne d\u2019Amnesty International, \u00e0 Sidi Bou Sa\u00efd, dans la banlieue nord de Tunis, avant d\u2019\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de Tunisie. M. Steiner avait prononc\u00e9 un discours le 20 mai 2006 devant les membres de la Section tunisienne, dans lequel il avait d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 la multiplication des atteintes aux droits de l\u2019Homme survenues ces derniers mois en Tunisie, notamment les entraves faites aux libert\u00e9s d\u2019expression et d\u2019association.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Le lendemain, M. Hichem Ben Osman, membre du Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif de la section tunisienne d\u2019Amnesty International, a \u00e9t\u00e9 interpell\u00e9 par la police sur son lieu de travail, \u00e0 Sousse , puis conduit aux services du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur \u00e0 Tunis, o\u00f9 il a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9 sur le Congr\u00e8s de la section et les d\u00e9bats qui s\u2019y sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9s, avant d\u2019\u00eatre rel\u00e2ch\u00e9 le soir m\u00eame.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
L\u2019Observatoire exprime sa plus vive pr\u00e9occupation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de ces faits, qui illustrent une nouvelle fois les graves entraves pos\u00e9es \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et d\u2019association en Tunisie. Dans ce contexte, l\u2019Observatoire exhorte les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes \u00e0 autoriser la tenue du 6\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s de la LTDH, qui doit se tenir les 27 et 28 mai 2006.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
De fa\u00e7on plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, l\u2019Observatoire rappelle que la Tunisie est tenue de se conformer aux obligations internationales en mati\u00e8re de droits de l\u2019Homme, et ce d\u2019autant plus qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lue au sein du nouveau Conseil des droits de l\u2019Homme des Nations unies le 9 mai dernier, et en particulier le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques auquel elle est partie, et la D\u00e9claration sur les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l\u2019Homme, adopt\u00e9e le 9 d\u00e9cembre 1998 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations unies, notamment son article 1, qui pr\u00e9voit que \u00ab chacun a le droit, individuellement ou en association avec d\u2019autres, de promouvoir la protection et la r\u00e9alisation des droits de l\u2019Homme et des libert\u00e9s fondamentales aux niveaux national et international \u00bb et, \u00e0 cette fin, \u00ab de se r\u00e9unir et de se rassembler pacifiquement \u00bb (article 5b).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Contacts presse : OMCT : +41 22 809 49 39 FIDH : +33 1 43 55 25 18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
(Source\u00a0: le site de la FIDH, le 24 mai 2006)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
URL\u00a0:<\/span> <\/span> http:\/\/www.fidh.org\/article.php3?id_article=3355<\/span><\/b><\/a> <\/span><\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Communiqu\u00e9 du Forum D\u00e9mocratique pour le travail et les libert\u00e9s<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Le bureau politique a tenu une r\u00e9union extraordinaire ce mercredi 23 mai 2006 suite aux graves incidents qui ont \u00e9maill\u00e9 la journ\u00e9e de solidarit\u00e9 organis\u00e9e le 22 mai 2006\u00a0par les avocats sous l’\u00e9gide de leur conseil de l’ordre. Venant \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 l’\u00e9tau se resserre dangereusement autour des partis de l’opposition et des organisations ind\u00e9pendantes et notamment la ligue tunisienne des droits de l’homme emp\u00each\u00e9e de tenir son congr\u00e8s, ces incidents s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’un verrouillage \u00e9tendu \u00e0 toutes les formes d’organisation ind\u00e9pendante et d\u2019expression libre de la vie publique. <\/span><\/p>\n
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\u00a0Le forum d\u00e9mocratique pour le travail et les libert\u00e9s exprime sa r\u00e9probation quant aux agressions dont ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes les avocats et au non respect de l’immunit\u00e9 d’un corps qui a fait, de tout temps et en toutes circonstances l’honneur de la Tunisie et de son peuple dans son combat pour l’ind\u00e9pendance et la libert\u00e9. Il r\u00e9it\u00e8re son enti\u00e8re solidarit\u00e9 avec les avocats et appelle ses dirigeants et militants \u00e0 observer une journ\u00e9e de gr\u00e8ve de la faim le 27\/05\/2006 en soutien aux revendications l\u00e9gitimes des avocats.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Le forum d\u00e9mocratique est convaincu que l’ind\u00e9pendance des avocats, au m\u00eame titre que celle des magistrats, est une condition fondamentale de l’\u00e9tat de droit et demande aux autorit\u00e9s de mettre un terme \u00e0 ces graves d\u00e9rapages qui menacent la stabilit\u00e9 du pays et d\u00e9t\u00e9riorent son image dans le monde.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Pour le bureau politique <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Dr Mustapha Ben Jaafar<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des Tunisiens pour une Citoyennet\u00e9 des deux Rives<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Communiqu\u00e9<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
La LTDH doit pouvoir tenir son congr\u00e8s, pour le plus grand profit <\/font> <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
des citoyens tunisiens<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0Depuis pr\u00e8s de 8 mois, les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes n’ont cess\u00e9 de multiplier \u00a0les mesures administratives et judiciaires pour emp\u00eacher la tenue du \u00a06\u00e8me \u00a0Congr\u00e8s de La Ligue Tunisienne pour la d\u00e9fense des Droits de l’Homme et \u00a0entraver ses activit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00c0 quelques jours de son congr\u00e8s d\u00e9cid\u00e9 les 27 et 28 mai prochains, par \u00a0ses \u00a0instances l\u00e9gitimes et reconnues par toutes les organisations des \u00a0droits de \u00a0l\u2019Homme \u00e0 travers le monde, les locaux des sections et le si\u00e8ge de la \u00a0Ligue \u00e0 Tunis sont encercl\u00e9s par la police, les ligueurs emp\u00each\u00e9s d’y <\/span><\/p>\n
acc\u00e9der \u00a0et leur courrier bloqu\u00e9. En particulier le sort des centaines d’hommes \u00a0et des \u00a0femmes d\u00e9fendus par la LTDH est suspendu.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Le coup de force contre la LTDH interpelle tous les Tunisiens.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
La FTCR r\u00e9affirme son ind\u00e9fectible soutien aux droits de l’Homme en \u00a0Tunisie \u00a0et assure le Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et le comit\u00e9 directeur ainsi que les \u00a0militantes et les militants de la LTDH de sa solidarit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Elle exprime sa profonde inqui\u00e9tude \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de la complicit\u00e9 des pays\u00a0 \u00a0arabes et du double langage des Etats de l’Union europ\u00e9enne qui, au nom \u00a0de la \u00a0pr\u00e9tendue lutte contre le terrorisme, tournent le dos aux valeurs \u00a0qu’ils \u00a0proclament.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Paris le 20 mai 2006<\/span><\/u><\/i><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Bahija OUEZINI<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Pr\u00e9sidente la FTCR<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
COMMUNIQUE<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
En tant que militants de la Ligue Tunisienne pour la D\u00e9fense des Droits de l\u2019Homme,\u00a0nous rejetons la tentative du comit\u00e9 directeur de la LTDH de tenir le congr\u00e8s de la Ligue malgr\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de justice<\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
Tunis, le 20 mai 2006<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
L\u2019actuelle direction de la Ligue Tunisienne pour la D\u00e9fense des Droits de l\u2019Homme fait courir le bruit qu\u2019un soi-disant congr\u00e8s de la Ligue se tiendrait les 27 et 28 mai prochain. Il s\u2019agit, ni plus ni moins, d\u2019une supercherie, qui traduit la persistance des d\u00e9rives anti-d\u00e9mocratiques du comit\u00e9 directeur de la Ligue Tunisienne pour la D\u00e9fense des Droits de l\u2019Homme, engag\u00e9 dans un combat contre les textes fondateurs de la LTDH et une partie des militants qu\u2019il tient \u00e0 exclure co\u00fbte que co\u00fbte de la vie de l\u2019association.Sous le fallacieux pr\u00e9texte de mener une op\u00e9ration de \u00ab\u00a0restructuration\u00a0\u00bb de la Ligue, des sections l\u00e9galement \u00e9lues ont \u00e9t\u00e9, en effet, arbitrairement supprim\u00e9es, pendant que de nouvelles \u00e9taient ill\u00e9galement fabriqu\u00e9es par le comit\u00e9 directeur, pour y caser des hommes de main et, ainsi, verrouiller le d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique interne. Comme par hasard, la pr\u00e9tendue \u00ab\u00a0restructuration\u00a0\u00bb n\u2019a concern\u00e9 que les sections dont les dirigeants, pourtant r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e9lus, \u00e9taient connus pour exercer leur libert\u00e9 de pens\u00e9e et de critique des d\u00e9rives totalitaires de l\u2019actuel comit\u00e9 directeur. Le sectarisme, le copinage, la \u00ab\u00a0chasse aux sorci\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb et la violence physique et verbale \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des militants n\u2019ayant pas les faveurs du comit\u00e9 directeur, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9s en modes de gestion de la Ligue, rel\u00e9guant le noble combat pour la promotion des droits de l\u2019homme \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re- plan.Malgr\u00e9 plusieurs tentatives pour aboutir \u00e0 une solution amiable qui respecte les statuts et le r\u00e8glement int\u00e9rieur de la Ligue, et pr\u00e9serve la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019association, le comit\u00e9 directeur continue \u00e0 faire la sourde oreille. Alors qu\u2019il sait pertinemment que le jugement rendu en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 5 septembre 2005 lui interdit de tenir un congr\u00e8s ou de mener toute activit\u00e9 pr\u00e9paratoire audit congr\u00e8s tant que l\u2019affaire n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9e au fond, l\u2019actuel comit\u00e9 directeur a entrepris, au m\u00e9pris du droit, de convoquer\u00a0 un \u00ab\u00a0congr\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb pour les 27 et 28 mai prochain, avec seulement 24 sections sur les 41 que compte la Ligue, ce qui reviendrait \u00e0 en exclure plus du tiers des congressistes statutaires.Cette machination appara\u00eet, pour nous, pr\u00e9sidents de sections, militants et membres fondateurs de la Ligue Tunisienne pour la D\u00e9fense des Droits de l\u2019Homme, totalement inacceptable. C\u2019est pourquoi, nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019user de nos droits l\u00e9gitimes pour faire appliquer le jugement en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 5 septembre 2005, y compris, requ\u00e9rir, au besoin, les services du Procureur de la R\u00e9publique, pour faire intervenir la force publique, en vue de faire appliquer la d\u00e9cision de justice, et d\u2019emp\u00eacher la tenue du soi-disant congr\u00e8s.<\/span>Sign\u00e9\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u00a0 <\/span> Me Chedly Ben Younes<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident de\u00a0 section de Tunis-Monfleury<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Tel\u00a0: 00216-98\u00a0311\u00a0424<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u00a0 <\/span> Dr Abderraouf Jemel<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident de la section de Tunis S\u00e9joumi<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Tel\u00a0: <\/span><\/i> 00216- 98 353690<\/span><\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u00a0 <\/span> Fathi Attia<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident de la section de Hammamet<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Tel\u00a0: <\/span><\/i> 00216- 98\u00a0319 687<\/span><\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u00a0 <\/span> Mohamed Zine Dhouilaa<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident de la section de Tataouine<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Tel\u00a0: <\/span><\/i> 00216- 98\u00a0630 669\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u00a0 <\/span> El Kamel Laabidi<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident de la section du Kef<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Tel\u00a0: <\/span><\/i> 00216- 98\u00a0478 201<\/span><\/p>\n
Dr Salah Kachbouri<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident de la section de Kasserine<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Tel\u00a0: <\/span><\/i> 00216- 98\u00a0236\u00a0945<\/span><\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span> Ridha Mellouli<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident de la section de Tunis-Medina<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n
Tel\u00a0: 00216-98\u00a0306\u00a0607<\/span><\/i> <\/p>\n\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
Congr\u00e8s de la LTDH pr\u00e9vu malgr\u00e9 un jugement<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/strong> <\/div>\n
AFP, jeudi 25 mai 2006 <\/p>\n
TUNIS – La direction de la Ligue tunisienne de d\u00e9fense des droits de l’homme (LTDH) entend organiser samedi \u00e0 Tunis un congr\u00e8s national contre l’avis de son opposition interne et en d\u00e9pit d’une d\u00e9cision de justice suspendant cette manifestation. \u00ab\u00a0Notre congr\u00e8s s’annonce dans une conjoncture politique tr\u00e8s difficile, au milieu de menaces graves de la part du pouvoir\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le pr\u00e9sident de la LTDH, Me Mokhtar Trifi, dans une convocation au congr\u00e8s dont l’AFP a eu connaissance. La tenue de ce congr\u00e8s controvers\u00e9e intervient sur fond de contestation d’une partie des avocats tunisiens et une semaine apr\u00e8s l’expulsion d’un repr\u00e9sentant suisse d’Amnesty International. Le 6e congr\u00e8s de la doyenne des organisations de d\u00e9fense de droits de l’homme dans le monde arabe et en Afrique, fond\u00e9e en 1977, est pr\u00e9vu samedi et dimanche au si\u00e8ge tunisois de l’association. Initialement programm\u00e9e en septembre 2005, cette r\u00e9union avait \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9e apr\u00e8s un jugement du tribunal de Tunis du 5 septembre. <\/p>\n
Vingt-deux adh\u00e9rents avaient attaqu\u00e9 la direction pour \u00ab\u00a0violation du r\u00e8glement int\u00e9rieur et abus de pouvoir\u00a0\u00bb. Un jugement au fond doit \u00eatre prononc\u00e9 le 3 juin. Me Trifi et le comit\u00e9 directeur de la LTDH accusent les autorit\u00e9s de \u00ab\u00a0menacer\u00a0\u00bb la LTDH dans son existence en provoquant une contestation interne. Ils reprochent \u00e0 leurs adversaires d’\u00eatre membres ou sympathisants du parti au pouvoir, le Rassemblement constitutionnel d\u00e9mocratique. La direction d\u00e9nonce notamment le gel des avoirs financiers de la Ligue, les poursuites judicaires et un une pr\u00e9sence polici\u00e8re constante autour du si\u00e8ge tunisois et des locaux de sections r\u00e9gionales de l’organisation. Les autorit\u00e9s affirment depuis des mois ne pas s’ing\u00e9rer dans les affaires de la LTDH qui doit r\u00e9gler sa \u00ab\u00a0crise interne\u00a0\u00bb. <\/p>\n
Les opposants \u00e0 la direction ont indiqu\u00e9 lundi qu’ils pourraient demander le recours \u00e0 la force publique pour faire appliquer le jugement du 5 septembre et emp\u00eacher la tenue du congr\u00e8s. L’un de leurs chefs de file, Me Chedly Ben Youn\u00e8s, a qualifi\u00e9 la convocation du congr\u00e8s de \u00ab\u00a0supercherie qui traduit la persistance des d\u00e9rives anti-d\u00e9mocratiques du comit\u00e9 directeur de la Ligue\u00a0\u00bb. Un autre, le s\u00e9nateur Ridha Mallouli, a accus\u00e9 les actuels dirigeants d’instrumentaliser l’association \u00e0 des fins politiques et d’ouvrir la voie \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0l’ing\u00e9rence \u00e9trang\u00e8re dans les affaires tunisiennes\u00a0\u00bb. <\/p>\n
La direction de la Ligue a re\u00e7u le soutien d’organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l’homme bas\u00e9es \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger. Deux avocats fran\u00e7ais, dirigeants du barreau de Paris, ont annonc\u00e9 qu’ils viendraient assister au congr\u00e8s. Mes Jean-Ren\u00e9 Farthouat et Dominique Tricaud veulent en outre soutenir leurs confr\u00e8res tunisiens oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d’un institut de formation jug\u00e9 pr\u00e9judiciable \u00e0 l’ind\u00e9pendance de la profession. A la suite d’\u00e9chauffour\u00e9es avec la police, mardi au palais de justice, certains d’entre eux envisagent de faire une nouvelle gr\u00e8ve de la faim, apr\u00e8s celle d’une journ\u00e9e effectu\u00e9e par une trentaine d’avocates la semaine derni\u00e8re. <\/p>\n
L’annonce du congr\u00e8s intervient dans un contexte de crispation dans le domaine des droits de l’homme, une semaine apr\u00e8s l’expulsion d’un repr\u00e9sentant suisse d’Amnesty International ayant particip\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de Tunis \u00e0 une r\u00e9union de la section locale de cette organisation. <\/p>\n
Le gouvernement suisse a \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9plor\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb cette mesure et indiqu\u00e9 qu’il demeurait attentif \u00e0 l’\u00e9volution des droits de l’homme en Tunisie. Le minist\u00e8re tunisien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res avait r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 qu’en la mati\u00e8re la Tunisie n’avait \u00ab\u00a0de le\u00e7on \u00e0 recevoir de personne\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n
Maroc – Tunisie: <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/font> <\/p>\n
R\u00e9pression des militants de droits humains marocains <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/font> <\/p>\n
Le 24 mai 2006 \u00e0 17h, un sit-in a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9 devant l’Ambassade tunisienne \u00e0 Rabat \u00e0 l’initiative des associations de droits humains marocaines (Association Marocaine des Droits Humains – AMDH, Organisation Marocaine des Droits Humains – OMDH, Amnesty International – section Maroc, Forum V\u00e9rit\u00e9 et Justice, Coordination Marocaine de Solidarit\u00e9 avec les d\u00e9mocrates tunisiens) en solidarit\u00e9 avec les militants de la Ligue Tunisienne des Droits Humains.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Les forces de r\u00e9pression sont intervenues violemment pour interdire la tenue du sit-in de solidarit\u00e9, faisant plusieurs bless\u00e9s parmi les manifestants.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Les forces de r\u00e9pression n’ont pas h\u00e9sit\u00e9 \u00e0 frapper, insulter, jeter par terre les manifestants. Ils ont confisqu\u00e9 les banderoles et les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Parmi les bless\u00e9s figurent le professeur Abdelkhalek Benzekri, le pr\u00e9sident de l’AMDH Abdelhamid Amine, les avocats Abderrahman Benamar et Mohamed Akdim,…<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
(Source\u00a0: info publi\u00e9e par \u00ab\u00a0le Rebelle\u00a0\u00bb sur Liste de diffusion de \u00ab\u00a0Raid-Attac\u00a0\u00bb, le 25 mai 2006 \u00e0 11h31) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/div>\n
COMPTE RENDU DE REUNION<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/font> <\/p>\n
ASSEMBLEE GENERALE DU CSGF EN TUNISIE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/font> <\/p>\n
23-11-2005.<\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n
R\u00e9unie en session ordinaire, au si\u00e8ge de l\u2019ATF, l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Comit\u00e9 de Soutien \u00e0 la Gr\u00e8ve de la Faim en Tunisie a fix\u00e9 son ordre du jour et d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 sur les points suivants :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Rapport financier de la campagne<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
-Rapport moral<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
-D\u00e9bat sur les perspectives<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
1-Rapport financier<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Le rapport financier de la campagne pr\u00e9sent\u00e9, par le comit\u00e9 de suivi,\u00a0 \u00e0 l\u2019assembl\u00e9e G\u00e9n\u00e9rale fait appara\u00eetre que la campagne a \u00e9t\u00e9 couverte par les contributions des participants et d\u00e9gage un petit exc\u00e9dent de 104\u20ac. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019unanimit\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
2-Rapport moral<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Le rapport moral pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le comit\u00e9 de suivi, s\u2019est attach\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9num\u00e9rer l\u2019ensemble des actions\u00a0 de solidarit\u00e9, de m\u00e9diatisation et de mobilisation men\u00e9es \u00e0 Paris et le respect mutuel entre les diff\u00e9rentes composantes du comit\u00e9. Des observations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9es et devront \u00eatre prises en compte dans la version finale du rapport. Le rapport a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019unanimit\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
A l\u2019issue de l\u2019adoption des deux rapports, le comit\u00e9 s\u2019est dissout.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
3- D\u00e9bat sur les perspectives<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Par la suite, un \u00e9change informel entre les personnes pr\u00e9sentes s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9 sur les perspectives.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Deux tendances se sont d\u00e9gag\u00e9es.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
-L\u2019une soutient la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de continuer un travail en commun \u00e0 imaginer (dans sa forme,\u00a0 ses objectifs, son contenu, ses acteurs\u2026 )<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
-la deuxi\u00e8me estime que la campagne de solidarit\u00e9 avec les gr\u00e9vistes de la faim avait un objectif de d\u00e9fense des droits de l\u2019homme. Elle\u00a0 a rassembl\u00e9 par del\u00e0 les divergences des projets de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, des acteurs divers. Elle s\u2019est montr\u00e9e oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 la continuit\u00e9 d\u2019action commune.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Une proposition a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mise que des personnes appellent \u00e0 titre personnel, \u00e0 une r\u00e9union de concertation et de r\u00e9flexion pour discuter des suites \u00e9ventuelles \u00e0 donner.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
M. SMIDA <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\u00ab Ici on respire la libert\u00e9 \u00bb<\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Denisa Sousa<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00ab Ici on respire la libert\u00e9 \u00bb, c\u2019est ce qu\u2019Omar Chlendi a dit \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, \u00e0 la minute m\u00eame o\u00f9 il foulait le sol portugais pour la premi\u00e8re fois, hier matin. Le jeune de 23 ans, un des internautes de Zarzis incarc\u00e9r\u00e9 pendant trois ans dans une prison tunisienne, essaie d\u2019effacer les images du cauchemar, assis dans un paisible abri de jardin, \u00e0 Santa Marinha de Oleiros, Vila Verde, la paroisse o\u00f9 vivent ses grands-parents maternels.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Omar a d\u00fb venir au Portugal avec sa m\u00e8re, pour des raisons bureaucratiques. Il a embrass\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis vingt et un ans ses grands-parents. En pleine verdure, v\u00eatu de blanc, il garde un \u0153il serein et un sourire sans amertume. Ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 ne semble pas lui avoir laiss\u00e9 d\u2019empreintes visibles. Mais les souvenirs sont empreints des traces de \u00ab tortures \u00bb, de \u00ab maltraitance psychologique \u00bb, d\u2019 \u00bbinhumanit\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 tortur\u00e9 avec des barres, des matraques, on lui a fait des injections dans les pieds. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendu, nu, et a \u00e9t\u00e9 rou\u00e9 de coups. \u00ab Ils voulaient que j\u2019avoue quelque chose que je n\u2019avais pas commis. Ils voulaient que je dise qu\u2019avais planifi\u00e9 des actions terroristes avec les amis avec lesquels je conversais sur le net \u00bb, raconte-t-il.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Pendant huit mois, il a dormi assis sur un seau. Dans une seule cellule, il y avait 130 prisonniers. \u00abPuis j\u2019ai dormi par terre. Les ge\u00f4liers nous maltraitaient \u00bb, rench\u00e9rit-il. Il a un morceau de fer \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur d\u2019un genou, qui est rest\u00e9 l\u00e0 depuis une des s\u00e9ances de torture.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Une op\u00e9ration r\u00e9soudra le mal-\u00eatre physique, mais pour le psychologique ? \u00ab Je suis optimiste. Je ne vais pas oublier, je vais tenter de comprendre pourquoi c\u2019est ainsi en Tunisie \u00bb assure ce jeune dont la m\u00e8re est portugaise et le p\u00e8re tunisien. L\u2019exp\u00e9rience l\u2019a marqu\u00e9 suffisamment pour qu\u2019il s\u2019assigne un nouvel objectif, \u00e0 savoir se consacrer aux causes humanitaires. <\/span> Au nom des droits humains.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00ab Une fois o\u00f9 je lui ai rendu visite, il \u00e9tait infest\u00e9 par la gale. Il a attrap\u00e9 toutes sortes de maladies l\u00e0-dedans. Ils avaient droit \u00e0 prendre un bain seulement une fois par mois, et \u00e0 l\u2019eau froide \u00bb, raconte T\u00e9r\u00e9sa Chopin, la \u00ab m\u00e8re courage \u00bb qui a remu\u00e9 ciel et terre pour d\u00e9livrer son fils de la prison de Borj El Amri, \u00e0 Tunis. \u00ab L\u2019avoir avec moi, c\u2019est un miracle. Je ne connais pas de cas identique \u00e0 celui-l\u00e0 dans ce pays \u00bb, conclut-elle, tout en fumant une cigarette.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Depuis Paris, elle a secou\u00e9 toutes les \u00e9nergies pour obtenir le soutien de la France, pays qui l\u2019a accueillie il y a des d\u00e9cennies, \u00e0 Viarmes, et celui du Portugal, dont elle est originaire. \u00ab Je n\u2019aurai jamais le temps de remercier tout le monde \u00bb poursuit-elle. La lib\u00e9ration est survenue en f\u00e9vrier, lorsque par une gr\u00e2ce pr\u00e9sidentielle, plus d\u2019un millier de prisonniers tunisiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rendus \u00e0 la libert\u00e9, dont les cinq internautes accus\u00e9s d\u2019 \u00bbinciter \u00e0 des actions terroristes \u00bb, par Internet.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00ab Tous ces reclus \u00e9largis \u00e9taient en fin de peine. Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le pr\u00e9texte pour lib\u00e9rer mon fils et ses amis \u00bb, estime la Portugaise, qui, \u00e0 seize ans, alors qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait \u00e9migr\u00e9e en France avec ses parents, a fait ses valises pour \u00e9pouser un Tunisien de trente quatre ans.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
L\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019Omar \u00e0 la maison de ses grands-parents \u00e0 Santa Marinha de Oleiros, si elle a permis de pr\u00e9senter le petit-fils \u00e0 ses grands parents, rel\u00e8ve d\u2019une exigence insolite du gouvernement tunisien. Le document d\u00e9livr\u00e9 \u00e0 Omar ne l\u2019autorisait qu\u2019\u00e0 se rendre au Portugal, o\u00f9 il peut maintenant demander le passeport portugais lui permettant de se rendre en France ou dans un autre pays.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Des ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s s\u2019\u00eatre rendue en Tunisie, T\u00e9r\u00e9sa a laiss\u00e9 son mari et est rentr\u00e9e en France, mais les al\u00e9as des destins personnels l\u2019ont oblig\u00e9e \u00e0 vivre sans ses six enfants, retenus \u00e0 Zarzis par leur p\u00e8re au terme d\u2019un voyage qui n\u2019aurait pas du se prolonger.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
A partir de 2000, elle est parvenue \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer un par un, c\u2019est pourquoi elle affirme : \u00ab Mon combat est termin\u00e9. J\u2019ai tous mes enfants avec moi \u00bb. Omar est rest\u00e9 le dernier, retenu quelques jours avant les retrouvailles avec sa m\u00e8re, \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une d\u00e9nonciation \u00ab inique \u00bb d\u2019un policier.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
Malgr\u00e9 tout, le jeune ne garde pas de rancune. Il pr\u00e9f\u00e9rerait faire \u00e9voluer les mentalit\u00e9s. Et il assure qu\u2019il retournera en Tunisie, \u00e0 chaque fois qu\u2019il le pourra, lors de cong\u00e9s, pour revoir ses amis et sa famille, \u00ab mais je ne vais plus toucher \u00e0 Internet, plus jamais ! \u00bb se d\u00e9fend-il.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
(Source: Jornal de noticias, 24\/05\/2006) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
(Traduction ni revue ni corrig\u00e9e par l\u2019auteure de la version en portugais, LT)<\/font><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Invitation \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0Al Moudaounna Attounissia\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
http:\/\/attounissia.blogspot.com\/<\/font><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Cher ami (e)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
J\u2019ai pris l\u2019initiative de cr\u00e9er un blog de groupe au nom de Al Moudaounna Attounissia<\/b> sur Blogger. <\/span><\/p>\n
Le but \u00e9tant d\u2019offrir aux lecteurs de langue arabe l\u2019occasion d\u2019interagir et de conna\u00eetre la blogosph\u00e9re tunisienne. <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Ce blog est ouvert a tout tunisien qui d\u00e9sire y contribuer ! A la seule condition d\u2019\u00e9crire en arabe. Le niveau de la langue importe peu mais les caract\u00e8res arabes sont un must. <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Si vous voulez aider pour le template ou pour n\u2019importe quelle autre chose. Vous \u00eates le bienvenu !! <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Je vous invite tous \u00e0 y contribuer l\u2019invitation est ouverte \u00e0 tout le monde et n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 fwd cet email.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Zied Mhirsi<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
American University of Beirut<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
P.O.Box 11-0236 \/1760 <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Beirut <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Lebanon <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Tunisian Association of Journalists <\/font> <\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The Reality of Press Liberties in Tunisia \u00a0The Fifth Report Tunis, may 3rd, 2006<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/strong> \u00a0<\/div>\n
\u00a0Table of content \u00a0 Introduction\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u20261 \u00a0I the Political Climate\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u20262 II the Legislative Aspect\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026……5 \u00a0III Material and professional condition ..\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026….9 \u00a0IV Social Negotiations\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026….12 \u00a0V Written Press\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026…15 \u00a0VI Audio-visual Sector\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026….19 \u00a0VII Violations\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026…22 \u00a0VIII Deontology of the Profession\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202625 \u00a0 \u00a0Introduction<\/font> \u00a0 \u00a0This is the fifth annual report about the real condition of press liberties in our country. It is prepared by the freedom committee of the Association of Tunisian Journalists. Nobody can ignore the importance of mass media as a fundamental measure for evaluating the nations’ progress. They assess the extent to which a given nation is rooted in the principles of liberty, justice and democracy. Mass media no longer represent the forth authority, since they become the field that encapsulates all sorts of thoughts, strategies and battles in the economic, cultural and social domains. As a symbol of excellence, superiority, and capability of reaching ends, media now initiate the row. They represent the first facet locally and internationally; locally as a means of development in its whole meaning and internationally as a gate of openness and interaction with the other from the position of partner not only consumer. This is what makes the role of the journlist vital and loaded with heavy responsiblity. Because we look for the best, this annual report is concerned with the obstacles and ligaments that hinder the system of development for which we eager. So we rely on moderation. We are neither flattering nor attacking, since our ultimate goal is the representation of reality with confidence in our ability to overcome setbacks. The publication of the fifth report goes along with the edition of the whole text of the association’s basic law in the Official Journal of the Republic of Tunisia \u2013 lawful, legislative and judicial announcements number 23 of 21st March 2006- after the amendement of a number of its articles, namely the second article that explicitly defines the tasks assumed to the association: \u00a0-grouping the journalists -advocating the journalists’ rights and especially protecting them from all sorts of violations and opressions that they may come across while working. \u00a0-protecting journalism and assuring respect for the deontology of the profession. -raising the reporter’s status. \u00a0-defending the freedom of thoughts and _expression and liberty of media and press. \u00a0-making treaties on the name of the journalists. At the same time, the association gained an elegant location that would patronize its independence, in addition to the preparation for establishing the \u00ab\u00a0caisson of journalists’ cooperation\u00a0\u00bb and provide them with lab-tops. All these facts translate the president’s attention paid to the sector of mass media. The fifth report is also accompagned by celebrating the fourty four anniversary of founding the association which is backed by a solid basis stems from the struggle of successive generations of journalists and it is still following the same path of independence and advocacy of reporters and of liberty of thought and _expression. The association knows how to preserve its privacy as a wide and everlasting scope of free _expression, democratic practice, pluralism and alternate responsibility. It always knows how to rise from its setbacks stronger than it used to be in order to remain a fortress for journalists, a refuge and a target of their hopes. The foundation of the Union of Tunisian Journalists remains the essential issue and the strategic goal that the association tends to realize. It embodies the struggle of generations of reporters who believe the project to be the only body that guarantees a qualitative transition in their job and material condition. The only body that assures the improvement of media scene and renders it so free and varied that it mirrors the richness of the Tunisian society, which suits the deep rooted culture of our nation and responds to the ambition of its elite. \u00a0 I General Political Climate <\/font>\u00a0 The latest developments are numerous and they are seen at different levels: \u00a01- The foundation of the Ministry of Communication and relation to the Parliament and the Council of Advisors provides the Association of Tunisian Journalists with an official representative that can promote the negotiations of different media files. This initiation meets the effort of the association to ameliorate the conditions of mass media and emphasize the ability of Tunisian reporters to assume their responsibilities. It also highlights a national press that suits our country and serves our debating issues and respects the right of our people in a free and rich press which reflects the social, political, and cultural dynamic in our society. \u00a02- This year has witnessed the reconstruction of the High Council of Communication toward pluralism. It extends to involve representatives of the opposing parties and national organizations such as the the Association of Tunisian Journalists. \u00a03- Starting the function of the Council of Advisors, which is founded to enrich the legislative scene and improve control over the executive power. \u00a04- The consolidation of the political scene by giving the visa to a new party called \u00ab\u00a0the Green Party for Progress\u00a0\u00bb. There is another party assuming the same program is still asking for the right to obtain a visa. And in all cases, this orientation translates the dynamic of political awareness in the Tunisian society. 5- Releasing a number of prisoners. Some of them were accused in cases related to using internet. 6- In this year, The Association of Tunisian Lawyers has gone through a crisis which evokes a number of debates around the autonomy of this association. \u00a07- As far as the Tunisian League for advocating Human Rights is concerned, the association wishes to overcome the crisis as soon as possible because this ancient organization is an achievement for all Tunisians. \u00a08- After a three-year-lasted travail, the year of preparing this report has witnessed the birth of Tunisian Social Forum.This space is open for all components of the associational textile that denounces the negative impact of globalization. The ATJ is among the founders of the forum. \u00a09- The organization of the SMSI in Tunisia represented a major event since it is the thenth international summit. It is also the first to group representatives of governments, civil society and private section. Building upon what preceeds, The Association of Tunisian Journalists considers the political dynamic in our country, including the interaction of thoughts and opinions of different sides, a sign of rightness as well as an enriching factor for further advancement of the culture of democracy and pluralism. \u00a0 II Legislative Aspect<\/font> \u00a0 \u00a01- The Establishment of the Ministry of Communication and Relations to the Parliament and the Council of Advisors \u00a0In Tunisia, the real practice of the communications profession emphasizes the necessity of a frame that helps the sector to fulfill its needs and rise. In 17th August 2005, the nomination of a minister of communication and relation to the parliament and council of advisors was ordered. Then in 27th September of the same year, the order number 2219 of the year 2005 was enacted. It determines the functional scope of the Ministry of Communication. According to its first article, the new ministry is responsible for: 1- Assuring further progress of the communications sector that will enrich the conversational spirit and maintain the democratic culture as well as solidarity and tolerance values. 2- Sustaining the relations between the means of communications and the sources of news. 3- Promoting the sector by covering the journalists’ concerns. \u00a04- The establishment of continued formation programs for the professionals. 5- The encouragement of researches and studies that aim at improving the sector and following high techniques of communications. \u00a06- The preparation of the projects of legislative and organizing texts in the field of communications. 7- The administrative supervision on: * the High Council of communication, *Tunisian Radio and Television, *National Agency for the Promotion of Audio-visual sector, *Tunis Africa Press, *National Center of Documentation, *the African Center for Training Journalists and Communicators, *the New Company of Edition, Press, and Publication (la presse). In 3rd February 2006, the order number 362 of 2006 was passed. It deals with the organization of the Ministry of Communication without including a structural mechanism that would supervise and execute the first four points assumed to the ministry and especially that related to fastening the democratic culture. \u00a0The association proposes the foundation of special administrations for the achievement of these goals, with reliance on media qualifications agreed upon. \u00a0 2-Amendment of the Press Code The basic law number 1 of 2006 was passed in 9 January, 2006. It contains the amendment of the press code, which is basically manifested in adding a final paragraph to the third article. It says: \u00ab\u00a0also they do not submit to the legal depot the national press communiqu\u00e9s of the following news genres: The cyclic daily newspapers The cyclic press magazines. The dropped legal depot states that the responsible of edition should provide twenty duplicates of the cyclic category accompagned with three copies of the declaration; one of them is referring back to the depositor and bearing the stamp of deposeting office. This legally signed duplicate stands for an official announcement. In the meeting of parliament held in 28 April, 1975, the presentation of the project of the press code law satisfies that \u00ab\u00a0thanks to the articles concerned with legal depot the national written patrimony would be conserved in addition to assuring the rightness of writings and so protecting them from forgery…\u00a0\u00bb Although the constitutional committee insists in its decision number 79-2005 that \u00a0\u00bb legal depot aims especially at assuring a national account of conceptual, cultural and scientific categories preseved by specialized bodies..\u00a0\u00bb, it realizes that the ommission of legal depot of newspapers and magazines does not raise any constitutional debate since \u00a0\u00bb in the course of legislations mentioned in the press code, legal depot does not represent a condition for practicing freedom assured by article 8 of the constitution, and so release some categories from this procedure rather than others does not affect the practice of these liberties.\u00a0\u00bb Despite welcoming this last amendment as it uplifts the obstacles in front of press circulation and encouraging its expension to include books, the association assures the necessity of taking measures of protecting the national memory. Till now the journalists are still looking for a new amendment forbidding physical punishments from the press code. \u00a0 \u00a03-The High Council of Communication Thanks to the order number 3176 of 2005, the construction of the High Council of Communication is widened to involve 21 members: 7 of them should be selected from the competent personalities in the field of communication and culture, 5 members from the parties represented in parliament, and 4 members represent the civil society. In addition to these members, the council includes president of the Tunisian Radio and Televison institution, the general director of Tunisian Agency of Exterior Communication, General President Director of Tunis Africa Press, president of the Association of Newspapers’ Directors and president of the Journalists’ Association. The preceding structure contained only 11 members that were chosen among the group of well-known competent persons in the field of communication and culture. \u00a0Despite the major role accorded to the council in assisting the \u00a0\u00bb the establishment of a general communication policy that looks essentially for assuring the right of citizens of a free media generated from multiple sources\u00a0\u00bb, it would be more efficient if it is given the role of a decision maker. \u00a0 \u00a04-Private broadcasting \u00a0Throughout the last period, a new radio station named \u00ab\u00a0Eljawhara\u00a0\u00bb has enlarged the media scene. This private station from Sousse started in 25 July, 2005. It is the second private radio station after \u00ab\u00a0Mosaic FM\u00a0\u00bb. The association appreciated this private initiation to widen the audio scene, yet it hopes new permissions are given to who asked for and the priority is for the professionals. It also insists on putting a bid of term to organize the sector and guarantee addition, vaiation, and transparency, which responds to the request of a number of them on the occasion of declaring the Tunisian Trade Union of Private Radio stations in November 10th, 2005. \u00a0 5- Newspapers’ Publication The Tunisian law is considered liberal in terms of press publication. In its 13th article, the press code does not require from the applicants more than an announcement directed to the Ministry of Local Affairs in return for a receipt without which no publication would be possible according to the article 14. However, real practice often deviates from this principle, which makes the undelayed acceptance of all newspapers projects presented by the colleagues compulsory. Moreover the association proposes that the procedures in relation to media operation should be turned to the Ministry of Communication. \u00a0 \u00a02- The system of foreign mass media The article 24 of the press code deals with foreign publications. It considers \u00ab\u00a0foreign in the definition of this code all cyclic or non-cyclic categories whatever its language and published either abroad or by a company located in Tunisia and funded by a foreign capital totally or partially\u00a0\u00bb. The legislator did not mention foreign publications abroad which have an office in Tunisia entitled of internal repuplication, such as the case of \u00ab\u00a0Alarab Eldualia\u00a0\u00bb. This newspaper is published in London and it has an office in Tunisia that employs a number of reporters. It is imprinted by \u00ab\u00a0La presse\u00a0\u00bb through the \u00ab\u00a0Maghreb Company of Information Services in Tunis\u00a0\u00bb, which was founded to serve this purpose. Yet, nobody knows the legal policy that governs it in addition to its disrespect for legal conditions of hiring stated by the Tunisian law and especially the collective convention of written press. Also the legislator did not account for the conditions of international news agencies and the bureaux of foreign press and the offices of international TV channels. The act number 1 of 1974 dated back to 9 August, 1974 and related to the institutes and the centers of culture, broadcasting, education, studies and foreign researches in Tunisia did not give an account for such situations. The reference to this point was limited. For the first time, it was mentioned in the 8th article from the law number 76 passed in 7 August, 1990, which is related to establishing the Agency of Exterior Communication. It stated that one of the tasks of the agency was \u00ab\u00a0helping the representative of international press in Tunisia as well as private delegates in media domain to assume their responsibilities\u00a0\u00bb without giving further clarifications. A second reference to the same point was in the order number 698 of 1993. It was enacted in the 5th of April 1993 and restricted the conditions of tax release and the tariffs imposed on import for the benefits of \u00ab\u00a0the foreign presidents of international press agencies and bureaux of foreign press\u00a0\u00bb in Tunisia. All what has been mentioned above necessitates filling the legal vacuum in this domain. \u00a0 III Material and Professional Conditions <\/font>\u00a0In preparing this section of the report, the Association of Tunisian Journalists relied on numerous points of view of colleagues and on the results derived from the questionary which was conducted last year on a category of 170 female and male reporters. The Tunisian journalist is still low-paid. For instance, one witness from \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Assarih\u00a0\u00bb emphasizes that the wage of a large number of jounalists in this institution does not exceed 200D per month and they are often paid two weeks after the date expected. Another witness from \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Alaamal\u00a0\u00bb also reported that several reporters do not receive their salary except after a couple of weeks. The reporters in \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Alaamal\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Assbah\u00a0\u00bb are complaining about either being deprived of the production bonus or its delay to more than three years. The journalists of \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Assarih\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Hakaik\u00a0\u00bb too are making complaints about being deprived of the wage of thirteenth month. Due to this condition, the questionary reveals that 56 % of the reporters covered by the questionary are heavily indebts, 62 % of their debts are direct loans, through which they want to overcome the monthly financial deficit. The questionary makes clear that a major percentage of these reporters are obliged to ask for advance either from the institutions they work in or from banks. Among the basic causes behind the declining material situations of journalists is that the majority of media institutions and particularly private ones do not respect the collective convention of the written press in addition to the widening gap between the regular wage suplements restricted by social negotiations and the accelerated rythme of increasing prices. The questionary shows that 48.5 % of the reporters are working for 6 years by limited contracts without being officially oppointed, which stands against the collective convention. As far as wages are concerned, all written press institutions, especially in the private sector, do neither apply the legal grid of wages nor respect the law of progress and promotion. As for social insurance, 16 % of the reporters involved in the questionary do not enjoy this right and particularly the assistant reporters who are completely cut off. In most media institutions, group insurance does not go beyond 59 %,in opposition to 100 % in some other sectors. As it is argued by the majority in \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Alaamal\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Assarih\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Tunis Hebdo\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Dhar la presse\u00a0\u00bb, many journalists work in wretched situations, lacking in one of the above institutions the minimum health conditions. Their offices are not suitable. They are sometimes overcrowded by five reporters using the same bureau. They also lack the necessary equipements such us desks, chairs, and telephone. Besides, the absence of the appropriate work conditions in other institutions as \u00ab\u00a0Elmulahedh\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Adhwa\u00a0\u00bb. In some institutions the journalist-photographers are complaining about the oldness of their equipments like cameras and audial technics. The reporters of \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Assarih\u00a0\u00bb suffer from pressure because of the accumulation of daily work they are supposed to accomplish. For instance, a single journalist of \u00ab\u00a0Assarih\u00a0\u00bbis asked to cover all international affairs, two others are to insure all pages of national affairs and only one reporter should make all the newspaper’s investigations. All these deficiencies are primarly due to the insufficient number of journalists working in such institutions, which would influence the performance of journalist and limit the creative aspect in his articles. Many written press institutions do not take into consideration the professional positions of reporters in addition to the absence of the appropriate conditions for supervision. Furthermore, many journalists in \u00ab\u00a0Alarab Aldualia\u00a0\u00bb are in the rank of cleaning agents, since their monthly wages do not exceed 250D and the greater number of them suffers from retarded payment. In the Tunisian Radio and Television institution and during a period of two months the assistant reporters’ wages have dropped from 300D to 180D for restricting expenditure. They are also deprived of group health insurance in the case of a work incident. A witness from Tunisian Radio and Television reports that a journalist accompanied by a group of technicians underwent a crash while working but the institution did not intervene even to pay the bill of her treament, which obliged the social aid organization of the institution to interfer in order for her to leave the hospital. Hence, the Association of Tunisian Journalists urges the Tunisian Radio and Television to regulate the journalists’ situations and especially the certain cases of 34 colleagues. In \u00ab\u00a0Hannibal TV\u00a0\u00bb, workers and journalists in particular did not sign legal work contracts. The employer-employee relationship does not respect any of the employment laws that are at work in the country. And so, dismission operations that have arisen mainly during the last weeks, are free from legal constraints. Generally speaking, 56 % of the journalists covered by the questionary express their disapproval of their work conditions. Under these unpleasant material and professional conditions, the Association of Tunisian Journalists asks for: \u00a0-compulsory application of the Collective Convention of Written Press. \u00a0-holding internal agreements in the media institutions that restrict production criteria. \u00a0-rehabilitating the administration of media institutions. -rehabilitating the locations of some media institutions. The worsening of material conditions of journalists has negative impact on their performance as they are functioning in a critical but rather a seductive sector and lurers may lead some of them to fall into loss that would touch the honesty of the profession and let its honorable mission deviate. \u00a0 VI Social Negotiations The Association of Tunisian Journalists has participated for the second time successively in the social negotiations about the revision of national collective convention of written press institutions among the group of Tunisian General Labor Union represented by Fathi Ayari, a colleague from \u00ab\u00a0Aschaab\u00a0\u00bb (The people) newspaper. And on this occasion, the association addresses once again its gratitude and respect for the leadership of the union and for its general secretary for his constructive help and comprehension of journalists’ problems. The association appreciates its special relationship with the labor organization. The negotiations between representatives of employees and the representatives of employers from the Tunisian association of newspapers’ directors started in 7 April, 2005 and lasted till 17 Juin, 2005. It ended at rising the wages of all categories (the execution, leadership, supervision) and revising an important set organizational articles. Unlike the negotiations of 2002 that focused on increasing the wages of employees of written media institutions, the negotiations of 2005 involved the revision of the following organizational articles: 7, 8, 11, 19, 20, 24, 27, 38, 46, 47 recurrent, 48 recurrent, 48- 3 from the convention. Notice that some these articles have financial outcome. It is worthy to mention that thanks to the project of revising the convention presented by the employees’ side and involved the major part of the organizational and financial articles, in addtion to the positive atmosphere that prevailed the negotiations as well as the relative comprehension of the journalists’ demands and the encouragement of the Tunisian General Labor Union, the best of the negotiations results (in comparison with other negotiations in different professional sectors) of the year 2005 are reached within a relatively short period of time. For instance we can mention the amendment of some important articles like the seventh article. Instead of 30 %, the employer becomes obliged to hire at least 50 % from those graduated from the Institue of Press and Information Science. In the case of hiring a single reporter, he must be one of them. Also, the eleventh article (new) related to process and promotion satisfies an automatic promotion from a step to another every four years maximum in the same category rather than five years. Among the most important amendments serving the benefits of the employees of written press institutions is that applied to the article 24. The latter which is concerned with illness certificate imposes the payment of ill worker on the first five days, after being not paid at all. Starting from the sixth day, the employer has to pay the worker his full wage along the period mentioned in the certificate and later on he will be recompensated when the social insurance paid the worker back. Also, one of the articles that have an important financial effect on the reporters is the amendment of article 46 which is conserned with the production bonus. The maximum rate of this bonus becomes two months instead of one month and a half, which used to be since the publication of the National Collective Convention of written press institutions in the Official Journal of the repulic of Tunisia in 25 November 1975. Moreover, the article 47 recurrent (new) related to journalism production bonus has been amended. Starting from 1st of May 2005 this monthly bonus becomes 55D and 60D from the beginning of May 2006 to reach 65D from the beginning of May 2007. So the production bonus rate rises to reach 85.75 % since it used to be 35D per month in the beginning of its application in the media sector. It was agreed on increasing the basic wages of different categories as follows: – executing: 25D, – leading: 30D, – supervising: 35D This augmentation is to recur in the beginning of May of the three years 2005-2006-2007. What is imporatnt to mention is that the employees’ representatives proposed in the negotiations of 2005 the necessity of abolishing the recruitment out of working contracts for a limited period that can extend to four years. Instead they proposed a two-year period of apprenticeship as it is mentioned in the convention. It is a sufficient and relatively long period to assess the journalist’s ability and to evaluate his professional qualifications. In addition, the great majority of media institutions are maintainig this way of recruitment and most of the time they get rid of the recruited via contract for a specific period before reaching the four years. The association denounces the dangerous aspects of this condition and its negative impacts on the stability at work. This declared and hidden menace of stopping the imposed contract during the four years affects the journalist’s performance and loyalty to the job deontology and limits his autonomy. Thus, the association insists on obliterating this way of recruitment in the future by refuting article 7 recurrent which was intruded in the collective convention of written press. It calls the association of the directors of newspapers, employers and public authorities to respond to the association’s demand that would guarantee the intimacy of journalism profession as well as the stability of of reporters and the improvement of communications sector in our country. The Association of Tunisian Journalists emphasizes the fact that despite the positive results realized through the social negotiations and although most of the big institutions of daily press and other week paper respect the application of the collective convention of written press (without mentioning some periodical problems), a number of daily and weekly newspapers neglect partially or totally the the presence of the convention and do not treat their reporters nor their workers legally even those hired according to specific period contracts. This situation has negative effects on the journalists and on the content of some of these newspapers which tend to rely basically on plagiarism. They steal numerous articles, photos and productions without mentioning their sources. So they get rid of the press production, yet they are ‘free’ from the control. Regarding this condition, the association urges all colleagues who work in these institutions to move and defend their legal rights relying on their association. It asks the concerned authorities and the social security agencies (agencies of the CNSS) to control these institutions in order to oblige them to respect the law. It also asks the Agency of Exterior Communication and the supervision authority to respect the application of both articles 406 and 407 from the employment code. The former (406) satisfies the necessity of respecting the law organizing employment relationship in the press sector (the Collective Convention of Written Press), and the latter (407) deprives the institutions that do not respect the mentioned laws and agreements from \u00ab\u00a0the amount of money provided by the nation, public communities and institutions for advertisement costs\u2026\u00a0\u00bb This would help the association and the colleagues who are deprived from their rights in these institutions to retrieve their rights and also impose respect of the employment law and collective agreements. As far as negotiations and social situations are concerned, the association highlights the necessity of its participation in the negotiations of the revision of basic law for the agents of the national Radio and Television institution as well as the basic law for the agents of the Tunis Africa Press agency. \u00a0 V\u00a0 Written Press <\/font>In addition to its everlasting struggle to improve working conditions and the marge of basic liberties, the Association of Tunisian Journalists is highly interested in expanding the reporter’s role inside the media institutions as he is the corner stone of productions. All the previous reports mentioned the importance of holding regular liberation commitees. Apart from \u00ab\u00a0Al-shorouk\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Hakaek\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Dhar La presse\u00a0\u00bb, in irregular fashion, this urged demand is not yet realized. The association stresses that liberation organizations represent the essence of the profession, through which the reporter could express his point of view about the libertion line of his newspaper and so he could convince and be convinced. He would also participate in the daily exchange operation which he is concerned with in his institution and which is the content of media outcome. The association is recording a relative progress in the content of \u00ab\u00a0Assabah\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Le Temps\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Al-shorouk\u00a0\u00bb regarding the variation of the press forms and the press of proximity. This progress also involves \u00ab\u00a0Hakaek\u00a0\u00bb magazine with a lower degree. In return, it noticed the lack of press forms variety and especially that of press of investigation and opinion, except in rare cases. This lack is often justified by the fact that this media form, that is the basis of improving the press of proximity, necessitates time and money, which is unacceptable by press institutions. This form represents the source of improving the repoter’s abilities.It also enriches media production and promotes media content. Resorting to cloning ready made articles, information and images from the internet without mentioning the source, is considered an illegal attempt from the part of several newspapers to narrow down the work spaces of the journalist. It belittles the reporter’s capabilitity of production and despises the local outcome. This tendency can never be justified except by the struggle of most media institutions to grasp money at the expense of the quality and locality of production and the reporters’ rights. The association registers the continuity of convincing advertisement phenomenon in some newspapers. Though we have tackled this issue in the prevoius reports, some newspapers are still insisting on such practices that can be considered as committed thief of public money and trickery on the readers. As for the distribution of public advertisement, the previous report underlined the necessity of indicating clear specific criteria or publishing them if they were available. But, it is remarked that nearly all newspapers do not publish their retrieval number as it is imposed by law which is the single measure we have for regulating advertisment distribution and serving the fairness of this distribution. Undoubtdly, advertisement represents a vital source for newspapers. Instituions’ owners are still considering the distribution of public advertisment a pressing factor, which evokes in them a tendency toward exagerated worry and enlarges the circle of personal control justified by the ‘forbidden’ topics. Hence, the association calls for putting objective criteria for the distribution of public advertisement, just as the expansion and the extent to which press proprietors are committed to law (the press code, employment code, collective conventions). Recall that the damage caused by newspapers that rely on provoking seduction and marginality is as serious as that caused by serious press which ignores the problems of society. Despite some limited effort in \u00ab\u00a0le Temps\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Al-shorouk\u00a0\u00bb, newspapers are in short of the articles of thoughts. Some newspapers depend on Tunis Africa Press and especially in the scope of national affairs, which prevent any addition or effort to enrich the information. This exagerated reliance on TAP could hinder the availble qualifications and kill the spirit of initiative and ommit any variation among newspapers. It may turn them to mere cloned publications, which do neither mirror the dialectics of thoughts and the peculiarity of opinions and topics proposals nor satisfy the journalists’ longing for enriching communications scene. The association also denounces the infringement of law in covering tribunal news. Information and images are published without sufficient investigation or permission. Since this sort of press production is highly critical, as it touches the private life of citizens, the association asks the reporters for further investigations. It also foregrounds the importance of organizing formation sessions for the reporters specialized in this domain, with the assistance of the concerned sides. As far as the information and the sources of information are concerned, The Association of Tunisian Journalists appreciates the presidential care provided to this media issue and hopes for the last decision positive feedbacks. Since confusing news with comments is the major trend, it asks for the enhancement of training sessions that should be supported by the specialized organizations. Moreover, the association warns of the danger of overgeneralization in publishing some ambigous news, such as the \u00ab\u00a0tuna case\u00a0\u00bb that led all companies to advertising operations and exacerbating their situation at a critical economic period. Hence investigation is essential in order to ‘nominate things by their names.’ In our press, woman is no more than a picture that is often exploited to serve cheap commercial ends. Depending on the assistance of the feminist organizations concerned, colleagues should resist such phenomenon that stresses the marginal image of woman. In the sports field, with the exception of \u00ab\u00a0TAP\u00a0\u00bb agency, the register is still overwhelmed by military and warfare expressions. This fact has often poisoned the situations and led to the emergence of dangerous deviations. The Association of Tunisian Journalists urges the colleagues to abide by the deontology of the profession and to investigate information. Reporters should bear in mind that sport is a general public phenomenon that has to be dealt with more seriously. Unfortunately, the association records the phenomenon of increasing concentration on legends, witchcraft, ‘jinn’, and horoscopes, while the role of media is to enlighten and to spread the culture of knowledge and modernity. Many newsparers intend to seduction and forge articles for a cheap commercial purpose. Game shows have overwhelmed the media scene. In opposition to law they are based only on luck and it is devoid of cultutral or educational content. Besides, some of these games promise to give unreal rewards. The danger of such competitions lays on their attack on hard work values by broadcasting the quick earning mentality and the dream of fortune. \u00a0 \u00a0The Parties’ Press \u00a0The Association of Tunisian Journalists expresses its apology for recording that the scene of press parties’ work keeps its routine. Untill now, it can not untie the link between parties, with all their colours, and the media work in dealing with various socially interesting issues. Their outcomes resemble press announcements where news and commentaries are intermingled. Most opposing newspapers lack professional reporters and openness to the other as they are ‘introvert’, apart from \u00ab\u00a0Attarik Eljadid\u00a0\u00bb which has kept a certain form of openness and objectivity. The association is sorry for the irregular publication of some opposing press and the absence of others despite the availability of public funds. &nbs p; &nbs p; The association is asking once again for employing professional journalists in order to improve the professional, informational and political discourse of these newspapers. \u00a0 \u00a0Electronic press Recently, media domain has witnessed a controversial debate about the definition of electronic press. In the two last reports the Association of Tunisian Journalists called for differentiating between this kind of press that responds to the necessities of modernity and the spheres of dialogue which are part of the freedom of thought and _expression. The association believes in the necessity of reliance on the bid of term for starting electronic newspapers and the priority is for the professionals out of clear constraints such as the professional factor and the effort of treating, analysing and commenting upon news . In the light of its announcement of 5 November 2005, the association is longing for not obviating the entry to some websites like that of the International Union of Journalists. \u00a0 \u00a0Press Publication Communications’ scene has witnessed the birth of three new titles; \u00ab\u00a0Univers Sport\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Tuni vision\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Alkanonia\u00a0\u00bb. As it has expressed in its previous reports, The Association of Tunisian Journalists sustains the colleagues’ demands for publishing their newspapers in order to enrich mass media and maintain variation and pluralism. From another side Tunisian market is loaded with a great number of foreign newspapers, but the non-distribution of some titles raises skepticism. \u00a0 VI Audio-visual Sector<\/font> The audi-visual sector is very important in the media scene. In addition to the influence of television channels and radio stations and their accessiblity to the audience, this sector with its public and private components provides employment for an important number of journalists (around one out of three of the professional reporters). During the period covered by the report, the audio-visual sector remains open to private initiations. In 25th July 2005, a second regional station named \u00ab\u00a0Aljawhara\u00a0\u00bb from Sousse started brodcasting. It works for 19 hours a day and covers six counties; Nabeul, Sousse, Kairoun, Mahdia, Monastir, and Zaghouan. \u00ab\u00a0Hannibal TV\u00a0\u00bb has gained earth broadcasting which enables it to extend its audience in Tunisia. As far as public sector is concerned, the president’s announcement of establishing a cultural radio station and opening a large consultation about the matter among the journalists and cultivated people assures once again the desire of expanding the media scene in general and sustain specialized press in particular. Who follows the audio-visual process from the 3rd of May 2005 registers the following: -Despite some effort, \u00ab\u00a0Tunis 7\u00a0\u00bb Channel does not see rational changes for the better. Hence, the Association of Tunisian journalists hopes for the current efforts of the supervision authority positive feedbacks on the Tunisian radio and Television in order to reach the expected level of professionalism and modernity. It also hopes that the institutional reconstruction serves these goals. Programming The association sees that the schedule of \u00ab\u00a0Tunis 7\u00a0\u00bb programs is characterized by random and routine. The selection of produced or purchased programs should submit to transpicuous criteria. News The association indicates that news department is still functioning without minimum structuring nor clear validity. When the director of news is absent, his duties is fulfilled by the the organizer, though such post is not mentioned in the basic law of the institution. In addition, there is no emancipated vision through the liberation councils or liberation meetings, since all news broadcasting should submit to a unique administration. Although the association records the presence of reportages, it argues that they are governed by routine and lack of variation. The same representation is aplicable for instance on the section ‘street problems’, which halts the press of proximity requested by the association in its previous reports. As for Arab and international news, the association perceives the easiness in preparing the news material and the amateur style in dealing with it. This is due essentially to the lack of the conception inspite of the waves of information. \u00a0 Conversational and Informational Programs \u00a0The institution’s administration intended in many occasions to drop some sessions from \u00ab\u00a0Almindhar\u00a0\u00bb for unknown reasons despite the high profession of its staff. From another side the program \u00ab\u00a0Milaffat\u00a0\u00bb does not yet meet the journalists’ nor the audiance’s expectations in terms of the selection of subject and method of direction. The president of the republic has called in several occasions for the necessity of expanding the spaces of conversation that would benefit the free and pluralistic media. The association sees that both public and private aspects of the audio-visual scene require reconstruction and rehabiliation in order to be the communicative that honestly expresses the development of Tunisian society, the consciousness of its people and the competence of its elites. This is not sufficiently available in the three existing public and private television channels. In \u00ab\u00a0Hannibal TV\u00a0\u00bb channel, thanks to the professional experience of a colleague journalist, a new breath was evoked. But, this positive inspiration dropped after her retirement and getting rid of a number of journalists. The association perceives that this T.V channel is still looking for the self-hood after aproximatively one and a half year of its foundation. Bear in mind that this channel gained great privileges from the state (financial sustainment, public advertisement, earth transmission..). However, the association thinks that the outcome of its first year is negative because of the violation of the journalists’ and technicians’ rights, in addition to its unprepared programs and the weakness of presented material which consists basically of imported programs filtered by private production built upon stimulating the audience’s curiosity. The flavor of ‘audacious’ conversation in the sports program \u00ab\u00a0Souiaa Sport\u00a0\u00bb is not enough to locate \u00ab\u00a0Hannibal TV\u00a0\u00bb in the position of a media institution capable of developing the audio-visual scene in our country. As regarding the national and the five regional radio stations (Monastir, Sfax, Gafsa, Tataouine, and Elkef), they have relatively succeeded in presenting the media that responds to the needs of citizens and mirrors the specificities of regions and the rythm of life in them. And this is reflected through the news material presented and the content of life and even recorded programs that are open to citizens’ participation. As mentioned in the previous report, the experience of \u00ab\u00a0Mosaic\u00a0\u00bb radio station occupies a major position. Its speciality and stamp help it extend the circle of its listeners\u2026 This station opened spaces of _expression and applied the press of proximity through some programs such as the daily \u00ab\u00a0Forum\u00a0\u00bb which shows some audacity in tackling actual issues related to daily concerns of the Tunisian citizen. Furthermore, its reliance on the internet represents a qualitative transition since the sphere of its listners extands inside and particularly outside Tunis. The association wishes that this radio station overcomes the setbacks of some of its programs. The association calls for the necessity of founding a bid of term at the earliest convenience, for applicants who want to establish TV channels or private radio stations. This would ensure transparency in providing permissions and guarantee the existence of mass media with clear identity. It would guarantee mass media at a high level of proficiency and professionalism and assure the citizen’s right of the media and the workers’ right in this sector. \u00a0 \u00a0VII\u00a0 Violations<\/font> Although in its previous reports the Association of Tunisan Journalists stressed its denial of the violations that faced reporters, it records that such behaviours still exist inside the institutions. \u00a0 \u00a01-The control: \u00a0The reporters are continually complaining about exagerated control from the part of editing responsibles inside media institutions without objective justifications, to the extent that a journalist asked his president of edition to provide him with a \u00ab\u00a0list of subjects he could write in\u00a0\u00bb Control does not only cover the subjects that concern national life, but also international events, which is the case of some daily newspapers that chose to deny events like the Italien election and the Palestinian election. \u00a0 \u00a02-The prohibition of covering the events: Many colleague reporters express their concern for numerous obstacles that stand between the reporter and the information. Some responsibles with different degrees intend to demand questions via fax and even read the article before its publication. Every day, these hardships and others face reporters in different institutions. From another side, some infringements and unacceptable behaviours against the journalists were seen when the latter were covering some trials and manifestations in the Justice Palace as they came across prohibition from the police agents. The association expressed in its previous report its disapprovement of such behaviour and addressed the concerned authorities advocating the journalist’s dignity and his right in accomplishing his duties according to the professional rules and the citizen’s right of media. \u00a0 \u00a03- Freezing: \u00a0As we have mentioned in the previous reports, the phenomenon of paralysing the journalists’ competences continuous through the freezing policy as it refers to loosing matereial and human energies in addition to the disappoinment especially in public institutions, Tunisian Radio and Television institution, \u00ab\u00a0SNIP\u00a0\u00bb institution (\u00ab\u00a0La presse\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Assahafa\u00a0\u00bb) and also \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Alaamal\u00a0\u00bb. In Tunis 7 channel, there exists a whole department known among journalists as \u00ab\u00a0Elfrigider\u00a0\u00bb (the refrigerator). And in \u00ab\u00a0Alhorrya\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0La presse\u00a0\u00bb newspapers, three colleagues were ogliged to leave in a compulsory vacation. \u00a0 \u00a04- Dismission: Press profession is considered the most fragile due to the ignorance of law from the part of the employers in the private sector and the lack of control above them. It is worth noticing that only private institutions are marked for the dismission operation, while public institutions participate in holding some of the cases advocated by the association in addition to \u00ab\u00a0Alshorouk\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Alshaab\u00a0\u00bb newpapers. However such cases are recurrent because the employers rely on contracts to escape official appointment of the reporters and getting rid of them whenever they want. In this year the association has recorded a new case of dismission targeted the colleague Mourad Allala (Arabic magazine of Human Rights, published by the Arabic Institute of Human Rights). The colleagues dalinda Touil, Malika Daghfous, and Chiraz Naffati are still dismissed from \u00ab\u00a0Assabah\u00a0\u00bb \u00a0 \u00a05-Jurisdiction: \u00a0The Association of Tunisian Journalists questions the rationality behind some customary judgments which were taken in the cases of some colleagues dismissed from \u00ab\u00a0Dhar Assabah\u00a0\u00bb. In contrast with the widespread jurisprudence orientation, the courtial orientation in the previous mentioned cases did not go along with the employment law and the convention of written press. Such judgment may form an initiative that encourages some media institutions’ owners to further infringements of laws and of journalists’ established rights. \u00a0 \u00a06- Card of Professionalism: Although the representation of the Association of Tunisian Journalists in the committee of according the cards of professionalism, this membership does not have a great importance since its vote is not decisive inside this committee. Thus, the association argues that the journalists themselves are the most qualified to accord the title of a journalist and control the entry to this profession and purify it from the outsiders through The Union of Tunisian Journalists whose basic law project has been presented to the government in more than a single occasion. \u00a0 7- The Association’s autonomy: The Association of Tunisian Journalists refuses the interference of any side in whatever disagreement that may take place inside it, because variations of thoughts and dissimilarities of ideas represent its major stamp. When the path of moderate agreement reaches an impasse, it resorts to organizations and vote. \u00a0The convocation of a member in the office for questioning him about an internal disagreement is considered a shameful accident that should not recur. \u00a0 \u00a0VIII Deontology of the press profession Once again the Association of Tunisian Journalists stresses its total refusal to the continuity of directed media campaigns that risk turning to be a planned policy. So it urges the reporters and press institutions not to follow this way which disrespects the deontology of the profession and the morality in general and accuses whoever insisted and still insists on continue committing mistakes. Professionalism is the basis of the press work. Personnification, moral accusations, profanation and distrust that some newspapers resort to necessitate legal punishment. Such attitude is always attacked by the association as it stands against the honor and the deontology of the profession. Moreover, the phenomenon of publishing unsigned articles still exists. They respond to events and attitudes that the reader or the Tunisian audience has never seen. Previously, the association has denounced the practice of duality in mixing press reduction with advertisement, which harms the journalist’s credibility and backgrounds the press production, in addition to the convincing advertisement that many newspapers rely on in the form of reportages, speeches, investigations, or even news. Although the press law states explicitly that the word \u00ab\u00a0advertisement\u00a0\u00bb should be put in front of any advertising article in the form of production, many Tunisian newspapers ignore the law and tend to present advertising material in the shape of press productions that are frequently signed. Such practice opposes the profession ethics. Several Tunisian newspapers resort to stealing articles from Arabic and foreign press and use them as if they were their own production, without mentioning the source or having a precedent permission. Like \u00ab\u00a0Assarih\u00a0\u00bb, many newspapers intend to cut complete articles claiming that they are letters of their representatives. Even they add the _expression \u00ab\u00a0special\u00a0\u00bb from \u00ab\u00a0our representative in Baghdad\u00a0\u00bb or Cairo \u2026without mentioning the name of the representative. \u00ab\u00a0Al- Ealen\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Adhwa\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Assarih\u00a0\u00bb resort to the internet to fill an important part of their pages, especially which concerned with international news, shows, and images. It is important to mention that these newspapers employ a very limited number of reporters. \u00a0 \u00a0The outsiders on the profession: During the last years, the journalists are complaining about the increasing number of the outsiders. The latter are characterized by executing whatever the institution ask them to do, even if it is in contrast with the deontology of the profession. Although the article 7 (new) of the collective convention of written press institutions dictates that the employer should not recruit any employee out of the frame of this convention and should not bargain with the assistants to accomplish tasks that can be done by the workers in the institutions…\u00a0\u00bb, some newspapers aggress this text and particularly if the matter concerns critical sectors like the organizations or the associations. \u00ab\u00a0Alshorouk\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Alssabah\u00a0\u00bb, and \u00ab\u00a0Tunis Hebdo\u00a0\u00bb newspapers have relied on persons who are unfamiliar with the profession to write in subjects while they are rich of qualified and specialized journalists. <\/div>\n
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Authorities Detain And Expel International Observer<\/font><\/h2>\n
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Article 19<\/b> (London) PRESS RELEASE May 23, 2006 Posted to the web May 24, 2006<\/font> \u00a0<\/div>\n
This weekend, the Tunisian authorities demonstrated once more their complete disregard for human rights and freedom of expression. <\/p>\n
On May 20-21, the Tunisian branch of Amnesty International (AI) was holding its General Assembly in the Amilcar Hotel, in Tunis. They had invited Mr.Yves Steiner, board member of International Amnesty Switzerland, to participate in the General Assembly. <\/p>\n
In the early afternoon of May 21, as the meeting was underway, around ten plain clothes policemen went to the hotel and requested to see Mr. Steiner. <\/p>\n
The presence of 200 or so AI members discouraged them to go further. A group of fifty policemen returned 3 hours later, just as the Swiss ambassador in Tunisia was arriving at the hotel, and forced Yves Steiner to follow them without any explanation or warrant. At around 8:30 pm, Mr. Steiner was able to contact his colleagues to let them know that he had left the police station where had had been detained and that he was about to be expelled to Paris. <\/p>\n
The arrest, detention and expulsion of Mr. Steiner is taking place in a context of increasing repression against human rights defenders and freedom of expression and assembly in Tunisia. It may also be marking yet another phase in the repression as the Tunisian authorities have now targeted an international observer – by so doing attempting to send a chilling message throughout the human rights community in Tunisia and globally. <\/p>\n
ARTICLE 19 calls upon the international community, and especially France and the United States, to take decisive actions against the continued climate of violations and repression in the country. The international community has turned a blind eye and a deaf ear to the abusive detentions, ill-treatments, torture, and censorship that have characterized the Tunisian regime for many years. Human rights, human rights defenders, and freedom of expression can no longer be the hostages of short sighted international politics. <\/p>\n
BACKGROUND:<\/strong> <\/p>\n
Five months after the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) focused international attention on the host country Tunisia’s poor human rights record, freedom of expression remains well below international standards in the country. <\/p>\n
A recent fact-finding mission by the International Freedom of Expression Exchange Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG) whose members include ARTICLE 19 and other prominent freedom of expression groups found: <\/p>\n
– Continuing imprisonment of individuals based on expression of their opinions or media activities. <\/p>\n
– Blocking of websites, including news and information websites. <\/p>\n
– Restricting freedom of association, including the right of organisations to be legally established, and to hold meetings. <\/p>\n
– Restricting freedom of movement of human rights defenders and political dissidents, along with surveillance by the political police, harassment, and intimidation. <\/p>\n
– Censoring the press and lack of diversity of content in newspapers, especially in the state-controlled press. <\/p>\n
– Censoring books through the legal submission procedure. <\/p>\n
– Attempting to smear the reputations of activists, which are unlawful actions that are not being investigated. <\/p>\n
– Official harassment of attorneys and judges who press for independence of the judiciary. <\/p>\n
Since the WSIS in November 2005, the Tunisian government has not only failed to improve the situation substantially, it has increased restrictions on human rights defenders, judges and some independent journalists. <\/p>\n
Civil society organisations – even those legally recognised – continue to be harassed by plain-clothes police. Opposition activists are often blocked from reaching meetings and gatherings. They have reported that they are constantly under surveillance and their organisation websites are monitored and blocked. <\/p>\n
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Gen\u00e8ve<\/strong><\/font> Qui \u00eates-vous Anouar Gharbi?<\/strong><\/font> Un informaticien au service de la Palestine<\/strong><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
Maison des Associations, nous retrouvons Anouar Gharbi devant un caf\u00e9. Lundi, \u00e0 Berne, le pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019association Droit pour tous a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une p\u00e9tition munie de pr\u00e8s de 12 000 signatures en faveur du peuple palestinien. \u00abEn tant que d\u00e9positaire des Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve, la Suisse a un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer pour que les r\u00e9solutions de l\u2019ONU soient appliqu\u00e9es. \u00bb \u00a0 C\u00f4t\u00e9 jardin, notre interlocuteur milite pour les droits de l\u2019homme. C\u00f4t\u00e9 cour, il est chef de projet pour le premier n\u00e9gociant mondial de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales. Contraste. Au d\u00e9part, rien ne destinait cet ing\u00e9nieur agronome tunisien \u00e0 s\u2019installer en Suisse. Seulement voil\u00e0, il s\u2019engage dans les syndicats \u00e9tudiants et ouvriers. \u00a0 Des \u00e9meutes de 84, suite \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation du prix du pain, il s\u2019en rappelle comme si c\u2019\u00e9tait hier. \u00abL\u2019ann\u00e9e de mon bac, j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 exclu du lyc\u00e9e pendant deux semaines pour avoir particip\u00e9 aux manifestations. \u00bb Son beau-p\u00e8re \u00e9tait directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du p\u00e9trole, un de ses oncles responsable des arm\u00e9es; Ben Ali \u00e9tait son chauffeur. Ce qui n\u2019emp\u00eachera pas Anouar Gharbi de subir des pressions. \u00a0 \u00abAvec Ben Ali, la situation s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e. Un jour, j\u2019\u00e9tais au travail lorsqu\u2019une de mes coll\u00e8gues est arriv\u00e9e avec le journal. Il y avait une liste de noms de personnes recherch\u00e9es\u2026 et j\u2019en faisais partie!\u00bb Il d\u00e9cide de prendre la cl\u00e9 des champs. B\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant de complicit\u00e9s, il embarque avec sa femme, Suissesse d\u2019origine, dans un avion de Swissair. \u00a0 \u00abJe me souviens encore du dernier coup d\u2019\u0153il \u00e0 mon pays depuis le hublot. \u00bb Une fois \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve? \u00abNous \u00e9tions consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des num\u00e9ros. On ne nous a rien propos\u00e9, si ce n\u2019est de travailler dans les champs. C\u2019est bien, mais apr\u00e8s vingt ans d\u2019\u00e9tudes\u2026\u00bb \u00a0 Il retourne sur les bancs d\u2019\u00e9cole. \u00abJe suis devenu programmateur analyste, ma femme interpr\u00e8te-jur\u00e9e. Notre premier enfant est n\u00e9 ici, en 1992. Tr\u00e8s vite, je me suis inscrit au syndicat Unia. \u00bb En 1997, il fonde le Forum des Tunisiens, puis Droit pour tous. Pourquoi d\u00e9fendre le peuple palestinien? \u00abChez les scouts, nous ne jouions pas aux gendarmes et aux voleurs, mais aux Palestiniens et aux Isra\u00e9liens. Chaque 30 mars, nous f\u00eations le jour de la terre. C\u2019est pour moi une \u00e9vidence. \u00bb \u00a0 (Source : Tribune de Gen\u00e8ve (Suisse), le 24.05.2006; page 43)<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n
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La BIAT sort de la Tunisie<\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/b>\u00a0 La Banque internationale arabe de Tunisie, premi\u00e8re institution financi\u00e8re priv\u00e9e du pays avec 15 % de parts de march\u00e9, devrait ouvrir avant fin 2006 des succursales en Alg\u00e9rie, en Libye et au Maroc. La BIAT r\u00e9pond ainsi au besoin d\u2019accompagnement de ses clients sur ces diff\u00e9rents march\u00e9s o\u00f9 l\u2019on retrouve de plus en plus d\u2019entreprises tunisiennes – on en d\u00e9nombre notamment quelque 650 en Alg\u00e9rie. Et la BIAT ne compte pas s\u2019arr\u00eater en si bon chemin puisqu\u2019elle a introduit une demande d\u2019agr\u00e9ment pour la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une banque de statut juridique alg\u00e9rien.\u00a0 \u00a0 (Source : Jeune Afrique N\u00b02367 du 21 au 27 mai 2006)<\/b><\/font><\/div>\n
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T\u00e9l\u00e9coms : divorce \u00e0 la tunisienne<\/b><\/font><\/h2>\n
<\/b> \u00a0 Le torchon br\u00fble \u00e0 Tunis entre Orascom Telecom et Wataniya Telecom. En cause : le rachat par le premier des parts du second dans Tunisiana. Les deux s\u2019\u00e9taient en effet associ\u00e9s \u00e0 50\/50 pour cr\u00e9er, en 2002, l\u2019op\u00e9rateur de t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile priv\u00e9 tunisien, alors qu\u2019ils sont concurrents sur d\u2019autres march\u00e9s, dont l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. Les n\u00e9gociations \u00e0 l\u2019amiable avec le kowe\u00eftien Wataniya ayant \u00e9chou\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9gyptien Orascom veut porter l\u2019affaire devant une cour d\u2019arbitrage international.\u00a0 \u00a0 (Source : Jeune Afrique N\u00b02367 du 21 au 27 mai 2006) <\/b><\/font>\u00a0 J.A. en Tunisie : une si longue attente <\/font><\/b>par DOMINIQUE MATAILLET \u00a0 Des lecteurs tunisiens s\u2019\u00e9tonnent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement de ne trouver Jeune Afrique en kiosque que le mardi ou le mercredi, voire le jeudi, alors qu\u2019ils savent qu\u2019au Maroc, par exemple, notre hebdomadaire est en vente d\u00e8s le dimanche. Nous vous avons r\u00e9cemment donn\u00e9 (voir J.A. n\u00b0 2348 du 8 janvier et n\u00b0 2358 du 19 mars) des informations sur le d\u00e9lai qui s\u2019\u00e9coule entre l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du journal \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Tunis (le samedi ou le dimanche) et l\u2019autorisation de diffusion d\u00e9livr\u00e9e par le minist\u00e8re charg\u00e9 du contr\u00f4le de la presse import\u00e9e. Ces informations portaient sur 2005 et sur les trois premiers mois de 2006. Vous trouverez ci-contre un nouveau point sur la question. Vous verrez que le d\u00e9lai moyen pris par l\u2019administration pour d\u00e9livrer son autorisation, qui \u00e9tait en moyenne de 2,7 jours en 2005, s\u2019est \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 2,95 jours pour les quatre premiers mois de 2006.\u00a0 \u00a0 (Source : Jeune Afrique N\u00b02367 du 21 au 27 mai 2006)<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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Dans la t\u00eate d\u2019un ado tunisien<\/font><\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
par RIDHA K\u00c9FI <\/font>\u00a0 Ils se disent lib\u00e9r\u00e9s, \u00e9panouis, modernes. Mais une \u00e9tude du minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 publique r\u00e9v\u00e8le qu\u2019une minorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux sont psychologiquement perturb\u00e9s. Et que, face \u00e0 ce mal-\u00eatre, la famille, la tradition et la religion restent leurs plus s\u00fbrs rep\u00e8res. \u00a0 Sfax, 29 avril. Au petit matin, l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve Amine Frikha est retrouv\u00e9 mort sur le toit du lyc\u00e9e technique 9-Avril-1938. Alors que les agents de la protection civile \u00e9vacuent le corps inerte du jeune homme, ses camarades laissent exploser leur d\u00e9tresse : cris, pleurs, \u00e9vanouissements… Selon des sources proches de l\u2019enqu\u00eate, il s\u2019agirait d\u2019un suicide. Sous le choc, les Sfaxiens s\u2019interrogent : qu\u2019est-ce qui a bien pu pousser un adolescent apparemment sans probl\u00e8me \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 ses jours, dans l\u2019enceinte m\u00eame de son lyc\u00e9e ? S\u2019ajoutant \u00e0 la recrudescence de la violence chez les jeunes, dont la presse se fait r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement l\u2019\u00e9cho, ce tragique fait divers devrait inciter parents, \u00e9ducateurs et responsables politiques \u00e0 prendre connaissance des r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019Enqu\u00eate nationale sur la sant\u00e9 des adolescents scolaris\u00e9s r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en mai 2000 par le minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 publique. Une version condens\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e au d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, \u00e0 Tunis. \u00a0 Dirig\u00e9e par le Dr Alya Mahjoub Zarrouk et coordonn\u00e9e par le Dr A\u00efda Ch\u00e9rif Isma\u00efl avec le soutien technique et financier du bureau r\u00e9gional de l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS), cette enqu\u00eate a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon repr\u00e9sentatif de 4 172 \u00e9l\u00e8ves \u00e2g\u00e9s de 12 ans \u00e0 20 ans. 789 adultes \u00e9voluant dans l\u2019entourage des adolescents (parents, enseignants, personnels de sant\u00e9 scolaire et animateurs de maisons de jeunes) ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9s. \u00a0 L\u2019objectif est \u00e9videmment de mieux comprendre les comportements des 2 millions d\u2019ados tunisiens – 20 % de la population -, leurs pr\u00e9occupations et les risques inh\u00e9rents \u00e0 leurs nouveaux modes de vie : qu\u2019est-ce qui se passe dans leurs t\u00eates et dans leurs corps ? \u00a0 Au-del\u00e0 de leur aridit\u00e9 statistique, ces r\u00e9sultats \u00e9clairent d\u2019un jour parfois surprenant certains aspects d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 arabo-musulmane qui est, en apparence, l\u2019une des plus ouvertes sur la modernit\u00e9 occidentale, mais qui, sous le vernis, laisse transpara\u00eetre un malaise latent : identitaire, soci\u00e9tal, mais aussi, forc\u00e9ment, politique. \u00a0 Un premier indicateur retient l\u2019attention : sur une \u00e9chelle de 0 \u00e0 4, les ados tunisiens se consid\u00e8rent comme plut\u00f4t modernes (3,9), ouverts (3,91) et conciliants (3,62). Cela n\u2019emp\u00eache pas la majorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux de manifester un fort sentiment d\u2019appartenance \u00e0 la famille (2,62), \u00e0 la religion (1,31) et \u00e0 la \u00ab population tunisienne \u00bb, notion vague qu\u2019on pourrait traduire par nation (1,13). \u00ab Avec l\u2019\u00e2ge, les ados se sentent de plus en plus appartenir \u00e0 la famille et de moins en moins \u00e0 la population tunisienne \u00bb, pr\u00e9cisent les enqu\u00eateurs. Ce repli frileux sur la famille et la religion traduirait-il une faiblesse du sentiment national ? Un troisi\u00e8me indicateur conforte cette interpr\u00e9tation. Interrog\u00e9s sur les facteurs ayant une influence d\u00e9terminante sur la formation de leur personnalit\u00e9, les ados citent la famille (1,8), la religion (1,4), les traditions (0,9). L\u2019histoire du pays (ou le sentiment national) n\u2019obtient qu\u2019un faible score de 0,6. \u00a0 Un professeur de psychiatrie interrog\u00e9 par nos soins voit dans ces r\u00e9sultats le sympt\u00f4me d\u2019une \u00ab tendance paradoxalement r\u00e9gressive \u00bb. \u00ab En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, explique-t-il, les ados tentent de s\u2019extraire du carcan familial pour se projeter vers des horizons plus vastes, comme la nation, la culture, l\u2019histoire, le monde\u2026 Si les n\u00f4tres pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent se replier sur la famille, la tradition et la religion, cela peut s\u2019expliquer par une d\u00e9ception vis-\u00e0-vis de la communaut\u00e9 nationale et internationale. \u00bb \u00a0 Patron de Sigma Conseil, un bureau d\u2019\u00e9tudes qui, en 2004, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate sur les valeurs des jeunes Tunisiens, Hassen Zargouni se montre plus indulgent : \u00ab En une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, nous sommes pass\u00e9s d\u2019une famille patriarcale \u00e9tendue et \u00e9clat\u00e9e \u00e0 une famille nucl\u00e9aire recentr\u00e9e sur le couple. La diminution du nombre d\u2019enfants par couple et l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau de vie des m\u00e9nages ont resserr\u00e9 les liens au sein de la famille et donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne nouveau : l\u2019enfant-roi. L\u2019ado est totalement pris en charge : argent de poche, vacances, cours particuliers… Cela se traduit par une d\u00e9pendance accrue vis-\u00e0-vis de ses parents, qui deviennent ses mod\u00e8les sociaux et ses ma\u00eetres \u00e0 penser. \u00bb \u00a0 Selon le psychologue Noureddine Kridis, enseignant \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Tunis-I, la plupart des \u00e9tudes consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 la crise de l\u2019adolescence chez les jeunes Tunisiens (la premi\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 1961) font appara\u00eetre chez ceux-ci \u00ab l\u2019absence d\u2019une position globalement antith\u00e9tique et de conflits d\u2019opinion larges et cristallis\u00e9s \u00bb. \u00c0 preuve : 60 % d\u2019entre eux ont tendance \u00e0 reproduire le mod\u00e8le parental. Cette tendance est confort\u00e9e par les m\u00e9dias, qui exaltent volontiers les valeurs d\u2019autorit\u00e9 et de soumission caract\u00e9ristiques des rapports jeunes-adultes dans toute soci\u00e9t\u00e9 traditionnelle. Les ados n\u2019ont donc que rarement l\u2019occasion d\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter leur autonomie et leur libert\u00e9. \u00a0 Un autre indicateur trahit ce conservatisme latent : l\u2019\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 (93,8 %) des adolescents tunisiens estime qu\u2019il est important, voire tr\u00e8s important (63 %), de suivre les principes de la religion musulmane. De m\u00eame, ils placent la religion en t\u00eate des facteurs favorisant la libert\u00e9 individuelle, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, dans l\u2019ordre, des traditions, de la classe sociale et de \u00ab la rue \u00bb. Cette vision traditionaliste est largement partag\u00e9e par les adultes. \u00a0 Par ailleurs, 72,5 % des ados consid\u00e8rent que leurs parents se montrent attentifs \u00e0 leur \u00e9gard, mais 16 % regrettent de n\u2019avoir aucun membre de leur famille avec qui discuter. De m\u00eame, 92,1 % des enseignants d\u00e9clarent que les \u00e9l\u00e8ves leur signalent souvent que leurs parents ne consacrent pas suffisamment de temps \u00e0 discuter avec eux. Quand elles ont lieu, ces discussions portent souvent sur des sujets convenus, comme les r\u00e9sultats scolaires, l\u2019avenir professionnel, les soucis mat\u00e9riels ou les probl\u00e8mes affectifs, tr\u00e8s rarement sur la politique ou la sexualit\u00e9. \u00a0 Sur ce dernier chapitre (la sexualit\u00e9), les ados tunisiens manifestent des comportements proches des standards occidentaux, mais l\u2019enqu\u00eate montre que les pratiques sociales \u00e9voluent beaucoup plus rapidement que les mentalit\u00e9s. Il en est ainsi, par exemple, de l\u2019homosexualit\u00e9. Jadis frapp\u00e9e d\u2019interdit, celle-ci semble aujourd\u2019hui relativement mieux accept\u00e9e. Certes, la majorit\u00e9 des ados continue de la consid\u00e9rer comme \u00ab une maladie \u00bb ou \u00ab une perversit\u00e9 \u00bb, mais une minorit\u00e9 y voit \u00ab un choix \u00bb, \u00ab une exp\u00e9rience \u00bb, voire \u00ab une libert\u00e9 \u00bb. Elle serait plus fr\u00e9quente chez les gar\u00e7ons que chez les filles. \u00a0 L\u2019\u00e2ge du premier rapport sexuel serait en moyenne de 17,4 ans chez les gar\u00e7ons et 16,4 ans chez les filles – ce dernier chiffre paraissant a priori surprenant -, et il ne cesse de baisser. Les ados sont convaincus \u00e0 75,8 % que tous ceux de leur \u00e2ge ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 eu des rapports sexuels, souvent (pr\u00e8s de 60 %) avec des partenaires diff\u00e9rents et dans la moiti\u00e9 des cas seulement en recourant \u00e0 des moyens contraceptifs et\/ou des pr\u00e9servatifs. \u00a0 La contamination par le virus du sida \u00e9tant l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement que les ados d\u00e9clarent craindre le plus (apr\u00e8s les accidents de la route), ce manque de pr\u00e9voyance ne peut s\u2019expliquer que par une m\u00e9connaissance des risques encourus, cons\u00e9quence d\u2019un manque d\u2019information. Le sida est cit\u00e9 au troisi\u00e8me rang des sujets que les \u00e9l\u00e8ves souhaitent pouvoir aborder plus fr\u00e9quemment \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole. Cette demande d\u2019information concernant la drogue, le sida, le stress, les autres maladies sexuellement transmissibles, la sexualit\u00e9, la grossesse, l\u2019alcool, la violence, la contraception, le tabac (cit\u00e9s dans cet ordre) est la preuve que ces sujets demeurent tabous au sein de la famille, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans son ensemble. \u00a0 D\u2019o\u00f9 ce qu\u2019on pourrait appeler le \u00ab paradoxe tunisien \u00bb : ce pays arabo-musulman se r\u00e9clame d\u2019une modernit\u00e9 fortement affirm\u00e9e dans les textes juridiques et les m\u0153urs sociales, tout en demeurant ultraconformiste dans de nombreux domaines. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ne date pas d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui. D\u00e8s 1976, Abdelwaheb Bouhdiba, l\u2019un des pionniers de la sociologie locale, la d\u00e9crivait en ces termes : \u00ab La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne est un cocktail. On y trouve des gens \u201c\u00e0 la page\u201d, voire en avance de plusieurs pages, alors que des plages enti\u00e8res de [cette] soci\u00e9t\u00e9 continuent de se conformer strictement aux images, aux id\u00e9es et aux st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes de la tradition. \u00bb \u00a0 \u00ab Ce d\u00e9doublement, ou cette duplicit\u00e9, qui se manifeste jusque dans le comportement des ados est souvent v\u00e9cu comme une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, commente le psychiatre d\u00e9j\u00e0 cit\u00e9 (et qui, curieusement, souhaite conserver l\u2019anonymat). En l\u2019absence d\u2019une id\u00e9ologie de remplacement ou d\u2019un projet d\u2019avenir digne de ce nom, l\u2019ado trouve refuge derri\u00e8re les remparts symboliques de son identit\u00e9 : la famille, la tradition et la religion. \u00bb \u00a0 Noureddine Kridis constate de son c\u00f4t\u00e9 chez les adolescents tunisiens \u00ab une grande soif de vie, de d\u00e9couverte et de connaissance \u00bb, mais aussi un grave d\u00e9ficit de communication avec les adultes. \u00ab Nous leur parlons tr\u00e8s peu parce que nous ne savons pas quoi leur dire, estime-?t-il. Peut-\u00eatre parce que nous-m\u00eames sommes ballott\u00e9s entre modernit\u00e9 et tradition. Alors, au lieu de les accompagner dans leur recherche identitaire et leur d\u00e9sir de construire quelque chose de nouveau, nous leur transmettons notre schizophr\u00e9nie, nos normes sociales, nos valeurs refuges et notre obsession du tout-s\u00e9curitaire. \u00bb \u00a0 Confront\u00e9s \u00e0 cette insuffisance de communication, les ados c\u00e8dent souvent au mim\u00e9tisme, au bricolage, \u00e0 la navigation \u00e0 vue ou au double jeu. Mais ils ne perdent pas le nord pour autant. R\u00e9alistes et pragmatiques, ils font tout pour r\u00e9ussir – et leur m\u00e9rite n\u2019en est d\u2019ailleurs que plus grand. En soi, leur grand \u00e9cart permanent entre ce qu\u2019ils croient devoir penser et ce qu\u2019ils d\u00e9sirent faire n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment inqui\u00e9tant. Ce qui l\u2019est davantage, c\u2019est la fr\u00e9quence chez une partie d\u2019entre eux des conduites \u00e0 risque et des troubles psychologiques. \u00a0 L\u2019enqu\u00eate du minist\u00e8re r\u00e9v\u00e8le en effet que la moiti\u00e9 des ados ont l\u2019habitude de s\u00e9cher les cours. Que 25 % d\u2019entre eux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violence \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, alors que 17 % avouent avoir commis des actes violents contre leurs camarades. Que 36,9 % \u00e9prouvent \u00ab une souffrance psychologique et un mal-\u00eatre assez intense \u00bb. Que 1 ado sur 5 a consomm\u00e9 au moins une fois une boisson alcoolis\u00e9e (33,5 % chez les gar\u00e7ons, 7,5 % chez les filles), et que, beaucoup plus grave, 34 % souhaitent \u00e9migrer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger \u00e0 la fin de leurs \u00e9tudes. \u00a0 \u00ab L\u2019adolescence est certes un \u00e2ge difficile. C\u2019est une p\u00e9riode de deuil, souvent marqu\u00e9e par des \u00e9pisodes d\u00e9pressifs. Mais lorsque 6,40 % des ados affirment penser \u201ctoujours\u201d au suicide, il faut s\u2019en inqui\u00e9ter et essayer de comprendre les raisons de cette immense d\u00e9prime \u00bb, conclut notre psychiatre. \u00a0 (Source : Jeune Afrique N\u00b02367 du 21 au 27 mai 2006)<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n
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ANALYSE<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
En Alg\u00e9rie, le changement de Premier ministre t\u00e9moigne d’un nouveau rapport de forces au sommet du pouvoir<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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\u2022 Abdelaziz Bouteflika a remplac\u00e9 Ahmed Ouyahia, dont le sort semblait scell\u00e9, par Abdelaziz Belkhadem, patron du FLN <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
\u2022 Un signe qu’\u00e0 l’heure o\u00f9 les rumeurs courent sur sa sant\u00e9, le chef de l’Etat a choisi son successeur <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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par Jos\u00e9 GAR\u00c7ON<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Le crescendo de la cur\u00e9e politico-m\u00e9diatique contre le Premier ministre alg\u00e9rien Ahmed Ouyahia, en fonction depuis 2003, ne laissait gu\u00e8re de doutes sur son sort. Son absence lors de l’accueil \u00e0 Alger, les 16 et 22 mai, du pr\u00e9sident v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien Hugo Chavez et du Premier ministre turc Tayyib Erdogan confirmait que ses jours \u00e9taient compt\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Une langue de bois exemplaire a mis fin mercredi soir \u00e0 ce faux suspens et sauv\u00e9 les apparences d’un r\u00e9gime qui les place au-dessus de tout. Ahmed Ouyahia a \u00abpr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sa d\u00e9mission au pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique qui l’a accept\u00e9e et lui a rendu hommage \u00bb et l’a remerci\u00e9 pour \u00able soutien total (qu’il lui a) apport\u00e9 durant trois ans\u00bb. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Dans la foul\u00e9e, Abdelaziz Bouteflika a d\u00e9sign\u00e9 le nouveau chef du gouvernement : Abdelaziz Belkhadem, ministre d’Etat et actuel patron du FLN, l’ancien parti unique. Co\u00efncidence : cet islamo-conservateur, tr\u00e8s proche de Bouteflika, est aussi l’homme qui a men\u00e9 toute l’offensive contre Ahmed Ouyahia, soutenu en cela par les islamistes \u00ab mod\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00bb du MSP. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Officiellement, c’est un projet de r\u00e9vision de la Constitution qui est \u00e0 l’origine du conflit entre Ahmed Ouyahia et son d\u00e9sormais successeur. Abdelaziz Belkhadem a en effet propos\u00e9 de la modifier pour permettre un troisi\u00e8me mandat pour le pr\u00e9sident et transformer le quinquennat actuel en … septennat. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Une id\u00e9e qui vise autant \u00e0 satisfaire la volont\u00e9 de pouvoir d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika qu’\u00e0 signifier qu’il n’est pas aussi malade qu’on le dit. Une pol\u00e9mique sur les augmentations de salaires de la Fonction publique r\u00e9clam\u00e9es par Abdelaziz Belkhadem a scell\u00e9 le sort d’Ahmed Ouyahia. Le tout sans que le chef de l’Etat ne souffle mot de ce harc\u00e8lement contre son Premier ministre de la part de l’un de ses fid\u00e8les et deux partis de la coalition pr\u00e9sidentielle. <\/span><\/p>\n
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De l\u00e0 \u00e0 penser que Abdelaziz Bouteflika voulait se d\u00e9barrasser de son Premier ministre, il n’y a qu’un pas difficile \u00e0 ne pas franchir. Surtout quand le pr\u00e9texte principal invoqu\u00e9 contre Ahmed Ouyahia, lui aussi pr\u00e9sident d’un parti, dispara\u00eet avec son remplacement par le leader du FLN lui m\u00eame : cette formation et les islamistes du MSP affirmaient en effet que l’ex-chef de gouvernement ne pouvait assurer la \u00abneutralit\u00e9\u00bb des \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives de 2007 !<\/span><\/p>\n
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En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le changement annonc\u00e9 mercredi soir n’ob\u00e9it que de loin \u00e0 des consid\u00e9rations id\u00e9ologiques. Il exprime en revanche un nouveau rapport de forces au sommet du pouvoir alg\u00e9rien. Une situation que r\u00e9sume le \u00abQuotidien d’Oran\u00bb. \u00abOn aurait tort d’y voir un islamo-conservateur face au moderne, un r\u00e9conciliateur face \u00e0 un \u00e9radicateur \u00bb, \u00e9crit ce journal dans une allusion \u00e0 la personnalit\u00e9 du d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 qui fut un ardent partisan de la politique \u00ab\u00e9radicatrice\u00bb men\u00e9e contre les islamistes au cours de la guerre civile de la d\u00e9cennie 90. <\/span><\/p>\n
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Tout se passe en effet comme si Abdelaziz Bouteflika se sentait aujourd’hui suffisamment fort pour imposer sa vision et ses hommes. Cela revient pour lui \u00e0 tenter aujourd’hui de s’affranchir, ou au minimum de prendre ses distances, d’une tutelle qui reste pesante, m\u00eame si elle lui a permis d’imposer en 1999 son \u00e9lection pour un deuxi\u00e8me mandat aux \u00ab d\u00e9cideurs \u00bb militaires : celle des services de renseignements et de leur chef, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Touwfik Medi\u00e8ne. Or, Ahmed Ouyahia est un pur produit de la nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des technocrates form\u00e9s par le DRS, les services secrets, que les Alg\u00e9riens appellent toujours la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Militaire. \u00ab A lui seul, il symbolise le syst\u00e8me dans son insondable fa\u00e7on de fonctionner et ses jeux d’ombre (…) Il incarne incontestablement cet homme \u00e0 tout faire du r\u00e9gime. Et tire une immense fiert\u00e9 de \u201cservir son pays\u201d, quitte \u00e0 ex\u00e9cuter le sale boulot\u00bb, r\u00e9sumait jeudi la presse alg\u00e9rienne. Dans ce contexte, la maladie d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika ne pouvait que pr\u00e9cipiter les man\u0153uvres de coulisses en vue de son \u00e9ventuelle succession. Or le poulain du chef de l’Etat \u00e9tait incontestablement Abdelaziz Belkhadem, tandis que le DRS pr\u00e9pare depuis toujours Ahmed Ouyahia.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Le changement de Premier ministre \u00e0 Alger pourrait donc bien constituer une relance des luttes de clans au sommet de l’Etat. Au moment o\u00f9 les caisses du pays sont pleines, mais o\u00f9 les \u00e9meutes sociales, aussi br\u00e8ves que violentes, se multiplient sur tout le territoire.<\/span><\/p>\n
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(Source\u00a0: LIBERATION.FR , le 25 mai 2006 \u00e0 13h32)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Alg\u00e9rie : Bouteflika nomme un de ses fid\u00e8les au poste de premier ministre<\/font><\/h2>\n
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M. Bouteflika consolide son pouvoir contre la tutelle des \u00ab\u00a0services\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
La nomination d’un nouveau premier ministre est intervenue, mercredi apr\u00e8s-midi 24 mai, avec l’annonce de la d\u00e9mission d’Ahmed Ouyahia et son remplacement par Abdelaziz Belkhadem, 61 ans, qui \u00e9tait jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent le repr\u00e9sentant personnel du chef de l’Etat avec rang de ministre. A l’issue de l’entretien avec le pr\u00e9sident Abdelaziz Bouteflika, le nouveau premier ministre a indiqu\u00e9 qu’il entamait sans tarder les consultations pour constituer un nouveau gouvernement \u00ab\u00a0le plus vite possible\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Le changement de premier ministre ne constitue pas une r\u00e9elle surprise. Depuis plusieurs mois, une sourde lutte de moins en moins feutr\u00e9e opposait les deux hommes qui dirigent chacun une formation politique cl\u00e9 de la majorit\u00e9 pr\u00e9sidentielle : le Front de lib\u00e9ration nationale (FLN), l’ancien parti unique, pour M. Belkhadem ; le Rassemblement national d\u00e9mocratique (RND) \u2013 un clone du FLN \u2013 pour M. Ouyahia.<\/span><\/p>\n
Leurs sujets de d\u00e9saccord \u00e9taient multiples. Sur le plan \u00e9conomique, M. Belkhadem et ses amis reprochaient au gouvernement Ouyahia son manque de volontarisme pour lutter contre le ch\u00f4mage et la pauvret\u00e9 alors que jamais depuis l’ind\u00e9pendance, les finances publiques, aliment\u00e9es par la hausse du p\u00e9trole, n’ont \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi florissantes.<\/span><\/p>\n
Sur le plan politique, les dirigeants du FLN, parti qui dispose de la majorit\u00e9 absolue au Parlement, alli\u00e9s \u00e0 une formation islamique, d\u00e9niaient au premier ministre d\u00e9missionnaire toute l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 concernant l’organisation des \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives de 2007. Selon eux, M. Ouyahia et ses amis n’allaient pas manquer de manipuler le scrutin au profit du RND.<\/span><\/p>\n
Le troisi\u00e8me contentieux \u2013 le plus m\u00e9diatis\u00e9 \u2013 portait sur le projet de modification de la Constitution d\u00e9fendu par M. Belkhadem pour doter l’Alg\u00e9rie d’un r\u00e9gime pr\u00e9sidentiel. Dans ce but, le patron du FLN pr\u00e9conisait d’autoriser non plus deux mais trois mandats pr\u00e9sidentiels; de passer du quinquennat au septennat et, enfin, de cr\u00e9er un poste de vice-pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9pendant du chef de l’Etat.<\/span><\/p>\n
Sur le fond, le premier ministre d\u00e9missionnaire n’\u00e9tait pas oppos\u00e9 \u2013 il l’avait dit \u2013 \u00e0 une rallonge du mandat pr\u00e9sidentiel mais, \u00e0 l’inverse de M. Belkhadem, il pr\u00e9conisait un toilettage discret plut\u00f4t qu’un chamboulement profond.<\/span><\/p>\n
Devenu la cible du FLN, M. Ouyahia \u00e9tait dans une position d’autant plus inconfortable que le chef de l’Etat s’est toujours gard\u00e9 de lui manifester publiquement son soutien. Le pr\u00e9sident Bouteflika \u00e9tait rest\u00e9 silencieux alors m\u00eame que, tout derni\u00e8rement, l’hostilit\u00e9 de l’ancien parti unique avait emp\u00each\u00e9 le premier ministre de prononcer sa d\u00e9claration de politique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale devant l’Assembl\u00e9e nationale.<\/span><\/p>\n
Les observateurs avaient \u00e9galement not\u00e9 l’absence de M. Ouyahia lors de la visite officielle du pr\u00e9sident du Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, en Alg\u00e9rie. On ne l’a pas vu davantage cette semaine alors que son homologue turc, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, se trouvait \u00e0 Alger pour y signer un trait\u00e9 d’amiti\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n
Cela dit, dans un pays o\u00f9 la d\u00e9mocratie reste formelle, Ahmed Ouyahia est peut-\u00eatre tomb\u00e9 pour un tout autre motif. Car ce haut fonctionnaire rugueux, connu pour son franc parler, travailleur acharn\u00e9 \u2013 ce qui lui valait d’\u00eatre appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 des cadres de l’administration \u00e0 d\u00e9faut d’\u00eatre populaire \u2013, est aussi catalogu\u00e9 comme un homme proche des services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 que dirige l’inamovible g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Tawfik. Or si l’arm\u00e9e en tant que telle a beaucoup perdu de son influence depuis l’arriv\u00e9e d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika, \u00ab\u00a0les services\u00a0\u00bb continuent \u00e0 peser sur la vie politique.<\/span><\/p>\n
En le limogeant, M. Bouteflika, dont l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 continue \u00e0 alimenter les rumeurs, a peut-\u00eatre voulu montrer aux services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qu’il n’entendait plus composer avec eux. Selon certaines sources, des propos t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques de M. Ouyahia, peu am\u00e8nes pour le chef de l’Etat, auraient pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 la chute du premier ministre.<\/span><\/p>\n
Le fait est que son successeur pr\u00e9sente un tout autre profil. Ses adversaires lui ont coll\u00e9 l’\u00e9tiquette de \u00ab\u00a0barbe FLN\u00a0\u00bb pour dire qu’il est islamo-conservateur. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, Abdelaziz Belkhadem est avant tout un homme lige du chef de l’Etat qui, au lendemain de son \u00e9lection, l’avait tir\u00e9 d’une semi-retraite jusqu’\u00e0 en faire son premier ministre.<\/span><\/p>\n
Jean-Pierre Tuquoi<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Chronologie<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
1998.<\/span><\/p>\n
En septembre, le pr\u00e9sident Liamine Zeroual annonce sa d\u00e9mission et un scrutin pr\u00e9sidentiel anticip\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n
1999.<\/span><\/p>\n
Le 15 avril, M. Bouteflika est \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique avec 73,79 % des suffrages. Six des sept autres candidats s’\u00e9taient retir\u00e9s de la comp\u00e9tition, arguant de fraudes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n
2000.<\/span><\/p>\n
En ao\u00fbt, Abdelaziz Belkhadem est nomm\u00e9 chef de la diplomatie alg\u00e9rienne, poste qu’il occupera jusqu’en mai 2005. Il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident de l’Assembl\u00e9e nationale de 1990 \u00e0 1992.<\/span><\/p>\n
2003.<\/span><\/p>\n
Ahmed Ouyahia est nomm\u00e9 premier ministre en remplacement d’Ali Benflis, ancien prot\u00e9g\u00e9 du pr\u00e9sident Bouteflika avec lequel la relation s’est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e. Grand commis de l’Etat, class\u00e9 dans le camp des \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9radicateurs\u00a0\u00bb, M. Ouyahia avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 premier ministre de l’ex-pr\u00e9sident Zeroual de d\u00e9cembre 1995 \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n
2004.<\/span><\/p>\n
Le 8 avril, M. Bouteflika est r\u00e9\u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident avec 83,49% des suffrages. Ses adversaires d\u00e9noncent \u00e0 nouveau des manipulations.<\/span><\/p>\n
2005.<\/span><\/p>\n
Le 29 septembre, la Charte pour la paix et la r\u00e9conciliationest ent\u00e9rin\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 97 % par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum. Le texte vise \u00e0 tourner la page de treize ann\u00e9es de guerre civile. Il propose aux combattants islamistes ayant d\u00e9pos\u00e9 les armes l’abandon des poursuites judiciaires et l’indemnisation des familles de victimes du terrorisme. Le 31 d\u00e9cembre, M. Bouteflika retourne \u00e0 Alger apr\u00e8s plusieurs semaines d’hospitalisation au Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce pour un \u00ab\u00a0ulc\u00e8re h\u00e9morragique\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n
(Source\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Monde\u00a0\u00bb du 25 mai 2006)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Profil<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
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Abdelaziz Belkhadem, un fid\u00e8le du pr\u00e9sident, honni par les \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9radicateurs\u00a0\u00bb<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n
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Jean-Pierre Tuquoi<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Etonnant destin que celui d’Abdelaziz Belkhadem, 61 ans, dont la carri\u00e8re politique, comme celle de nombre de responsables alg\u00e9riens, comporte une coupure nette : la guerre civile des ann\u00e9es 1990.<\/span><\/p>\n
Avant cette fracture, M. Belkhadem, un enseignant originaire de l’ouest alg\u00e9rien, appartenait au courant r\u00e9formateur du Front de lib\u00e9ration nationale (FLN), l’ancien parti unique. Elu d\u00e9put\u00e9 d\u00e8s 1977, pr\u00e9sident de l’Assembl\u00e9e populaire nationale (APN) en 1990, il appuya le gouvernement r\u00e9formateur de Mouloud Hamrouche, le \u00ab\u00a0Gorbatchev alg\u00e9rien\u00a0\u00bb. L’Assembl\u00e9e dissoute au lendemain des victoires \u00e9lectorales du Front islamique du salut (FIS), Abdelaziz Belkhadem est \u00e9cart\u00e9 des cercles du pouvoir. Non sans courage, cet homme asc\u00e9tique, \u00e9l\u00e9gant et discret, se joint alors \u00e0 ce petit groupe d’individus soucieux de maintenir le dialogue avec les islamistes dans une Alg\u00e9rie \u00e0 feu et \u00e0 sang. Dans les rangs de ceux qu’on appelle les \u00ab\u00a0dialoguistes\u00a0\u00bb, par opposition aux \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9radicateurs\u00a0\u00bb, se retrouvent des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme, de rares \u00ab\u00a0barbus\u00a0\u00bb du FIS encore en libert\u00e9, et des anciens du parti unique en rupture de ban. Ils ont form\u00e9 un Comit\u00e9 pour la paix et se retrouvent au domicile de l’un d’entre eux. Leur d\u00e9marche est courageuse mais sans lendemain.<\/span><\/p>\n
L’arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika change la situation de M. Belkhadem qui refait surface en 2000 pour devenir, \u00e0 la surprise g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, le patron de la diplomatie alg\u00e9rienne, sur laquelle veille le chef de l’Etat. A ce poste, M. Belkhadem voyage beaucoup. Au contact du monde ext\u00e9rieur, il acquiert une exp\u00e9rience qui en fait un personnage cl\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me Bouteflika sans qu’il r\u00e9ussisse pour autant \u00e0 se d\u00e9barrasser de l’image de \u00ab\u00a0barbe FLN\u00a0\u00bb, c’est-\u00e0-dire d’islamo-conservateur qui lui colle \u00e0 la peau. La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de M. Belkhadem au chef de l’Etat est totale : il le prouvera en emp\u00eachant le FLN de basculer du c\u00f4t\u00e9 d’Ali Benflis, l’adversaire de M. Bouteflika \u00e0 l’\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2004. Aujourd’hui, M. Belkhadem est r\u00e9compens\u00e9. Nomm\u00e9 premier ministre et toujours patron du FLN, il est en lice pour succ\u00e9der un jour au chef de l’Etat.<\/span><\/p>\n
(Source\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Monde\u00a0\u00bb du 25 mai 2006) <\/span><\/b> <\/p>\n
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Edito du Monde Danger taliban<\/strong><\/font><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
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LE MONDE | 23.05.06 | 13h41\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Mis \u00e0 jour le 23.05.06 | 13h41<\/p>\n
<\/font> Les violents combats qui se d\u00e9roulent en Afghanistan illustrent, quatre ans et demi apr\u00e8s la chute du pouvoir des talibans, la capacit\u00e9 de nuisance que ceux-ci ont encore. Les succ\u00e8s politiques enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 Kaboul ne se sont gu\u00e8re traduits positivement sur le terrain, tant le foss\u00e9 entre le calendrier politique \u00e9tabli fin 2001 \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence de Bonn et les r\u00e9formes \u00e0 entreprendre n’a cess\u00e9 de s’\u00e9largir. Elu par 55 % des Afghans et pl\u00e9biscit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger, le pr\u00e9sident Hamid Karza\u00ef a \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 b\u00e2tir une \u00e9quipe minist\u00e9rielle comp\u00e9tente. L’Occident soutient, en Afghanistan, un pouvoir corrompu, voire li\u00e9 au trafic de drogue. \u00a0 Les talibans ne sont pas plus populaires qu’ils ne l’\u00e9taient \u00e0 la fin de leur r\u00e8gne, mais s’ils ont pu revenir en force, recruter dans les provinces afghanes et non plus dans les seules madrasas pakistanaises, c’est que la population n’a pas vu de r\u00e9els b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e0 la paix.<\/font><\/p>\n
Les promesses occidentales, faites notamment par Washington au lendemain de l’intervention militaire qui a chass\u00e9 les talibans et Al-Qaida du pouvoir peu apr\u00e8s le 11-Septembre, n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 suivies d’effets. La communaut\u00e9 internationale a sa part de responsabilit\u00e9 dans la situation afghane, tant les efforts qu’elle a consentis n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 la hauteur des besoins d’un pays ravag\u00e9 par d\u00e9sormais vingt-sept ans de guerre.<\/font><\/p>\n
Les Etats-Unis ont commis en Afghanistan des erreurs similaires \u00e0 celle perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es en Irak : une strat\u00e9gie presque enti\u00e8rement consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la \u00ab\u00a0guerre contre le terrorisme\u00a0\u00bb plut\u00f4t qu’\u00e0 la reconstruction ; une attitude intol\u00e9rable de leur arm\u00e9e – arrestations et d\u00e9tentions arbitraires, torture et mauvais traitements des prisonniers, humiliations, ignorance ou m\u00e9pris de la culture locale. En Afghanistan comme en Irak, ils se sont ali\u00e9n\u00e9 une population qui, bris\u00e9e par des d\u00e9cennies de conflit et satisfaite de la fin d’un r\u00e9gime tyrannique, ne demandait qu’\u00e0 se rallier.<\/font><\/p>\n
Les Etats-Unis ne sont toutefois pas les seuls coupables du retour des talibans. Les mouvements djihadistes, qu’ils soient li\u00e9s aux talibans, \u00e0 Al-Qaida ou \u00e0 des factions datant de la guerre contre les Russes, comme celle du fondamentaliste Gulbuddin Hekmatiar, sont les principaux semeurs de guerre et de chaos. Quant au Pakistan, cr\u00e9ateur et \u00ab\u00a0parrain\u00a0\u00bb du mouvement taliban, il n’a rien fait pour mettre fin aux activit\u00e9s talibanes sur son sol. Alli\u00e9 officiel des Etats-Unis dans la \u00ab\u00a0guerre contre le terrorisme\u00a0\u00bb, il poursuit un jeu trouble en Afghanistan.<\/font><\/p>\n
Pour gagner la guerre et renforcer le pouvoir de Kaboul, les Etats-Unis doivent, \u00e0 la fois, consacrer autant d’\u00e9nergie et de moyens financiers \u00e0 la reconstruction qu’au combat, et n\u00e9gocier la fin de l’ing\u00e9rence pakistanaise en Afghanistan. S’il n’est pas trop tard.<\/font> <\/p>\n
Article paru dans l’\u00e9dition du 24.05.06<\/p>\n
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Home – Accueil – \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 TUNISNEWS 7\u00a0\u00e8me\u00a0ann\u00e9e, N\u00b0\u00a02194 du 25.05.2006 \u00a0archives : www.tunisnews.net El Maoukif: Sadok Chourou derriere les barreaux V\u00e9rit\u00e9-Action: Le r\u00e9gime tunisien acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la r\u00e9pression OMCT – FIDH: Les actes de harc\u00e8lement \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des d\u00e9fenseurs se poursuivent Communiqu\u00e9 du Forum D\u00e9mocratique pour le travail et les libert\u00e9s FTCR: La LTDH doit pouvoir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[57,37,29],"class_list":["post-16945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-57","tag-37","tag-fr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16945\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}