Travail saisonnier des \u00e9tudiants <\/font><\/p>\n
L’\u00e9t\u00e9 au travail, l’automne \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9<\/font><\/h2>\n
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Par S. Hamrouni<\/strong><\/font> L’\u00e9t\u00e9 est la saison de d\u00e9tente et de loisirs pour un grand nombre d’\u00e9tudiants. Pour d’autres, c’est tout\u00a0 \u00e0 fait le contraire. Ils attendent impatiemment la fin des \u00e9tudes pour trouver un job provisoire. Ils sont embauch\u00e9s dans des banques, des entreprises, des h\u00f4tels, des centres d’appel et m\u00eame dans des chantiers de construction. Pour certains, trouver un travail pendant l’\u00e9t\u00e9 devient difficile. La bataille commence tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t, m\u00eame avant la fin des \u00e9tudes. Ils cherchent dans les journaux. Ils consultent les sites Internet. Certains profitent m\u00eame des interventions et des proches pour avoir un job. Les raisons de travailler en saison estivale diff\u00e8rent d’un \u00e9tudiant \u00e0 l’autre. Pour certains, ils refusent de rester sans activit\u00e9. Ils pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent travailler, bouger et acqu\u00e9rir des exp\u00e9riences professionnelles. Cette cat\u00e9gorie d’\u00e9tudiants accepte m\u00eame des stages de formation sans indemnit\u00e9. L’essentiel pour eux est de profiter des opportunit\u00e9s offertes par certaines soci\u00e9t\u00e9s pendant les p\u00e9riodes de cong\u00e9 de leurs fonctionnaires. \u00ab Je pense qu’il est essentiel pour les \u00e9tudiants de trouver des jobs et des stages de formation pendant les vacances pour obtenir une exp\u00e9rience professionnelle et enrichir leurs CV. Depuis deux ans, je travaille pendant l’\u00e9t\u00e9 dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de communication. Je gagne peu. Mais \u00e7a me convient, puisque je fais des \u00e9tudes en marketing\u00bb, indique Issam, 21 ans. \u00a0Mais pour la grande majorit\u00e9 des \u00e9tudiants travailleurs saisonniers, la principale cause est la difficult\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. L’\u00e9t\u00e9 est la bonne occasion pour gagner un peu d’argent qui sera tr\u00e8s utile pour la rentr\u00e9e et au cours de l’ann\u00e9e universitaire. Ces \u00e9tudiants sont pr\u00eats \u00e0 accepter des jobs dans tous les domaines disponibles. Samia, 31 ans, \u00e9tudiante en troisi\u00e8me cycle droit. Pendant l’\u00e9t\u00e9, elle accueille dans son domicile des groupes d’\u00e9l\u00e8ves qui viennent prendre des cours particuliers en\u00a0 fran\u00e7ais et en anglais. \u00ab J’ai atteint l’\u00e2ge pour assumer mes responsabilit\u00e9s. Mon p\u00e8re a, pendant de longues ann\u00e9es, rembours\u00e9 les d\u00e9penses de mes \u00e9tudes. Aujourd’hui, je dois travailler pour couvrir une partie de mes d\u00e9penses, notamment le logement et les frais d’inscription. L’\u00e9t\u00e9 est la bonne p\u00e9riode de l’ann\u00e9e pour gagner des sous. Je donne, donc, des cours particuliers aux enfants des voisins\u00bb, confie Samia. En cette p\u00e9riode estivale, le tourisme attire de nombreux \u00e9tudiants qui cherchent un job provisoire. Ils travaillent\u00a0 comme guides, serveurs, animateurs et autres. Khalil, 22 ans, est un \u00e9tudiant en fran\u00e7ais. Il habite Hammamet. Depuis quatre ans et au cours de l’\u00e9t\u00e9, il travaille comme serveur dans un h\u00f4tel de la r\u00e9gion. \u00abJe gagne bien. En plus de mon salaire, les clients m’offrent quelques pourboires. A la fin de la saison estivale, je me trouve avec une somme importante qui me permet d’acheter de nouveaux habits, de couvrir les d\u00e9penses d’inscription, les premiers mois d’h\u00e9bergement et l’abonnement du m\u00e9tro. De m\u00eame, je travaille \u00e0 mi-temps, le reste de la journ\u00e9e est consacr\u00e9 aux balades avec les amis\u00bb, explique Mohamed. D’autres passent un \u00e9t\u00e9 p\u00e9nible. Ils travaillent dans les chantiers de b\u00e2timent. Ils passent des heures sous le soleil. Ils n’ont pas la possibililt\u00e9 de voir la mer. \u00abJ’habite dans une ville, \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du pays. Mes parents n’ont pas la possibilt\u00e9 de payer mes \u00e9tudes effectu\u00e9es dans un p\u00f4le universitaire de Tunis. Mes \u00e9tudes litt\u00e9raires ne m’offrent pas la possibilit\u00e9 de trouver un travail saisonnier en nouvelles technologies. Je suis oblig\u00e9 de travailler dans les chantiers.\u00a0 L’\u00e9t\u00e9, c’est la saison de la fatigue!\u00bb, souligne R., un \u00e9tudiant en histoire \u00e0 la Facult\u00e9 de La Manouba.<\/div>\n
(Source : \u00ab\u00a0La Presse\u00a0\u00bb (Quotidien – Tunisie) le 31 juillet 2010)<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
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Clin d’oeil <\/font>Par Fathi EL MOULDI <\/p>\n
Bon app\u00e9tit !<\/font><\/h2>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong>A la Goulette, il y a \u00ab la nuit du poisson \u00bb. Au Kram, il y a \u00ab la journ\u00e9e du sandwich \u00bb. A Bab Jedid, il y a \u00ab l\u2019ann\u00e9e du Lablabi \u00bb. A El Manar, il y a le festival de la pizza. Pour le saumon et le caviar, c\u2019est le festival de l\u2019\u00e9clipse culinaire !<\/font>\u00a0 <\/p>\n
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(Source: \u00ab\u00a0Le Temps\u00a0\u00bb (Quotidien – Tunisie) le 31 juillet 2010) <\/font><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Les pays arabes r\u00e9it\u00e8rent leur droit de d\u00e9velopper l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire<\/font><\/h2>\n
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Publi\u00e9 le 2010-07-31 08:09:11 TUNIS, 30 juillet (Xinhua) — Le Conseil ex\u00e9cutif de l’Agence arabe de l’Energie atomique (AAEA) a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 vendredi le droit inali\u00e9nable des pays signataires de la Convention sur la non-prolif\u00e9ration de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire de ma\u00eetriser et de d\u00e9velopper cette technologie pour les besoins pacifiques, sans restriction d’aucune sorte. Le Conseil a fait cette indication dans un communiqu\u00e9 publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l’issue de sa 45e session ordinaire qui s’est termin\u00e9 vendredi \u00e0 Tunis apr\u00e8s quatre jours de travaux. Concernant la r\u00e9solution du Sommet arabe relatives au d\u00e9veloppement des applications pacifiques de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire et de l’\u00e9tablissement d’un programme arabe dans ce domaine, le Conseil a salu\u00e9 l’int\u00e9r\u00eat port\u00e9 par les chefs d’Etat arabes \u00e0 ce secteur strat\u00e9gique, ajoute le communiqu\u00e9. Il a appel\u00e9 \u00e0 l’intensification de la coop\u00e9ration entre les Etats arabes et \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’orienter leurs actions vers la mise en oeuvre de cette r\u00e9solution, dans le cadre de l’AAEA. D’autre part, le Conseil s’est f\u00e9licit\u00e9 de la tenue du premier congr\u00e8s arabe sur les perspectives de la production de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et sur le dessalement de l’eau de mer au moyen de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire.<\/div>\n
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Le Comit\u00e9 des Droits de l\u2019homme conclut l’examen du rapport de l\u2019Etat h\u00e9breux et lui recommande de se conformer\u00a0au Droit international<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/div>\n
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Par Abdel Wahab Hani<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Suivi du\u00a0: <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Rapport officiel d\u2019Observations finales et de Recommandations de la 99e session du\u00a0Comit\u00e9 des Droits de l\u2019homme, relatives \u00e0 l\u2019examen du 3^{e<\/sup> p\u00e9riodique d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n}
(Traduction \u00e0 main lev\u00e9e et \u00e0 titre indicatif, l\u2019original en anglais faisant foi est annex\u00e9 \u00e0 notre R\u00e9action \u00e0 chaud , AW Hani)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Le Comit\u00e9 des Droits de l’homme<\/i><\/b> vient de rendre, ce\u00a0vendredi 30 juillet 2010, \u00e0 midi,\u00a0ses conclusions, ses observations finales et ses recommandations suite \u00e0 l’examen du 3e rapport p\u00e9riodique de l’Etat\u00a0h\u00e9breux. Le Comit\u00e9 des Droits de l’homme<\/i> est l’organe charg\u00e9 d’examiner la conformit\u00e9 des Etats partis au Pacte International Relatif aux Droits Civils et Politiques<\/i><\/b> (PIRDCP \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/span>). <\/span><\/p>\n
Il est compos\u00e9 de 18 Experts ind\u00e9pendants, \u00e9lus par les Etats partis, dont le tunisien Si Abdelfattah Amor,<\/span><\/em> dont le mandat expire le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2010 et que l’on aimerait bien reconduit, \u00e0 la prochaine r\u00e9union \u00e9lective des Etats partis au Pacte pr\u00e9vue en septembre\u00a0\u00e0 New York,\u00a0pour l’excellent travail accompli. Juriste publiciste internationalement reconnu, Si Abdelfattah<\/span><\/em> passe pour \u00eatre l’un des meilleurs experts du Comit\u00e9 et un repr\u00e9sentant digne et de grande valeur des\u00a0mondes arabo-islamique, africains et francophones et de leurs cultures juridiques. Son Excellente\u00a0Comp\u00e9tence professionnelle, sa brillante M\u00e9thodologie, son Int\u00e9grit\u00e9, sa Lucidit\u00e9, son Ind\u00e9pendance, sa Libert\u00e9 de toute charge ou fonction\u00a0\u00e9tatique officielle, ses Qualit\u00e9s de Grand Travailleur d\u00e9vorant la quasi-int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des rapports et rapports parall\u00e8les pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par toutes les partis concern\u00e9es, entre autres qualit\u00e9s, ont forc\u00e9 le respect de toutes et de tous dans la ‘Communaut\u00e9 internationale des Droits de l’homme’<\/span><\/em>. Formulons le souhait de sa re-conduction en septembre pour un nouveau mandat de 4 ans, dans l’espoir que la nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration puisse assumer la rel\u00e8ve.<\/span><\/p>\n
Survol rapide des principales Recommandations\u00a0:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Applicabilit\u00e9 du Pacte et des provisions du Droit Humanitaire international\u00a0 aux territoires palestiniens et arabes occup\u00e9s\u00a0; Abrogation des Lois nationales pour y inclure le principe de \u00ab\u00a0non-discrimination\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>\u00a0; la r\u00e9vision de l\u2019Etat d\u2019urgence et l\u2019arr\u00eat de la pratique de la \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9tention administrative\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>\u00a0; La fin du blocus militaire de Gaza et l\u2019obligation d\u2019inviter une mission d\u2019enqu\u00eate internationale ind\u00e9pendante sur l\u2019attaque contre la flottille de la Libert\u00e9\u00a0; Mener des investigations cr\u00e9dibles et ind\u00e9pendantes sur les s\u00e9rieuses violations du droit international des droits de l\u2019homme, du Droit \u00e0 la Vie, Interdiction de la Torture, Droit au Traitement Humain pour chaque personne en d\u00e9tention et Libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression\u00a0; Juger et Sanctionner les d\u00e9cideurs et les officiels militaires et politiques reconnues coupables desdites violations\u00a0; Mettre fin \u00e0 la pratique des \u2018ex\u00e9cutions extrajudiciaires\u2019<\/i> (assassinats)\u00a0et enqu\u00eater sur l\u2019usage disproportionn\u00e9 de la force\u00a0; Incorporer la D\u00e9finition du Crime contre la Torture dans la l\u00e9gislation nationale et Enqu\u00eater sur toutes les all\u00e9gations de torture;\u00a0 Se r\u00e9soudre \u00e0 une d\u00e9finition limit\u00e9e et stricte du terrorisme et se conformer aux obligations internationales en mati\u00e8re de Droits de l\u2019homme notamment celles \u00e9dict\u00e9es par le Pacte\u00a0; Cesser la politique de Transfert (D\u00e9portation) des r\u00e9sidents palestiniens de long terme en Cisjordanie vers Gaza leur \u2018terre d\u2019origine\u2019\u00a0et se conformer \u00e0 l\u2019article 7 du Pacte en r\u00e9visant les Ordonnances militaires<\/i> aff\u00e9rentes aux D\u00e9portations; Abroger la \u2018Loi sur la Nationalit\u00e9 et l\u2019Entr\u00e9e\u2019<\/i> et faciliter le r\u00e9-unification familiale de tous les citoyens et r\u00e9sidents sans aucune discrimination\u00a0; Prendre en compte l\u2019avis consultatif de la Cour Internationale de Justice sur le \u2018Mur\u2019<\/i> qui entrave s\u00e9rieusement la libert\u00e9 de mouvement et la vie familiale des palestiniens\u00a0; Cesser les constructions des colonies d\u2019occupations dans les territoires palestiniens occup\u00e9s\u00a0; Mettre fin \u00e0 la politique de punitions collectives et \u00e0 la destruction des maisons\u00a0; Revoir la politique des permis de construire sur la base de non-discrimination \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la minorit\u00e9 palestinienne et s\u2019assurer que les plans municipaux ne soient pas discriminatoires\u00a0; S\u2019assurer d\u2019\u00e9gal acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Eau pour les habitants de la Cisjordanie conform\u00e9ment aux recommandations de l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9;\u00a0 Cesser de violer le principe ne bis in idem<\/i> par l\u2019emprisonnement des \u2018Objecteurs de Conscience\u2019<\/i> qui refusent d\u2019effectuer le service militaire (colonial fallait-il le rappeler, AW Hani)\u00a0; Redoubler d\u2019efforts dans la protection des Droits des Minorit\u00e9s\u00a0religieuses; Reprendre le programme de visites familiales des d\u00e9tenues engag\u00e9 par le Comit\u00e9 International de la Croix Rouge<\/i> (CICR)\u00a0; Cesser de d\u00e9f\u00e9rer les enfants palestiniens devant des proc\u00e9dures p\u00e9nales et des juridictions militaires\u00a0; Rendre l\u2019Administration publique plus accessible aux minorit\u00e9s notamment en facilitant l\u2019usage de la langue arabe\u00a0; Respecter les Droits ancestraux des Populations B\u00e9douines du N\u00e9guev<\/i> dans leur Terre et leur Agriculture et leur permettre le plein acc\u00e8s aux services de Sant\u00e9, d\u2019Education, d\u2019Eau et d\u2019Electricit\u00e9\u00a0;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Les conclusions du Comit\u00e9 sont une victoire de la Justice contre la Barbarie coloniale sioniste. <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Seul B\u00e9mol s\u00e9rieux \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re lecture \u00e0 chaud de ce document est son paragraphe 3e qui nous laisse amer, lorsque des Experts ind\u00e9pendants charg\u00e9s d’examiner la conformit\u00e9 de l’Etat h\u00e9breux avec ses obligations internationales\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0notent et reconnaissent les\u00a0pr\u00e9occupations\u00a0de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 d’Isra\u00ebl\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/em>. M\u00eame \u00ab\u00a0qu’\u00e9quilibr\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb dans sa 2e partie, ce paragraphe\u00a0emprunte un formalisme \u00e9quilibriste ONUsien des diplomates occidentaux, mais que les Experts ind\u00e9pendants doivent se garder d’adopter, au risque de fausser leur mission. <\/span><\/p>\n
Cot\u00e9 suggestions,\u00a0on aurait aim\u00e9 entendre le Comit\u00e9, de mani\u00e8re plus\u00a0audible,\u00a0sur la politique de jud\u00e9isation de Al-Quds Al-Sharif<\/span><\/em> et des lieux saints de l’Islam et de la Chr\u00e9tient\u00e9, les constructions massives des colonies d’occupation\u00a0dans les\u00a0territoires palestiniens et arabes occup\u00e9s visant \u00e0 modifier par la force du fait militaire et colonial\u00a0accompli\u00a0l’identit\u00e9 d\u00e9mographique, culturelle, politique, sociale\u00a0et religieuse islamo-chr\u00e9tiennes des territoires occup\u00e9s\u00a0et entravant s\u00e9rieusement les chances de l’av\u00e8nement d’un\u00a0r\u00e9el Etat palestinien ind\u00e9pendant, souverain et viable.<\/span><\/p>\n
D’ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0, le Comit\u00e9 nous offre de faire pression sur l’Etat h\u00e9breux pour qu’il r\u00e9ponde dans un d\u00e9lai de 12 mois\u00a0sur le mani\u00e8re dont il met en ex\u00e9cution ses\u00a0recommandations les plus urgentes, relatives notamment aux recommandations 8, 11, 22 et 24:<\/span><\/p>\n
-La fin du blocus militaire contre la bande de Gaza,\u00a0affectant la population civile\u00a0et l’obligation qui lui incombe d’inviter une mission internationale ind\u00e9pendante d’\u00e9tablissement des faits pour enqu\u00eater sur les conditions d’accostage de la flottille de la Libert\u00e9, y compris la question de sa compatibilit\u00e9 (ou pas) avec le Pacte.<\/span><\/p>\n
-L’incorporation dans la l\u00e9gislation nationale de l’Etat parti de la d\u00e9finition duc rime de Torture, comme d\u00e9finie dans l’article Premier de la Convention contre la Torture<\/span><\/em>, ainsi que de se conformer \u00e0 l’article 7 de la Convention. Le Comit\u00e9 rappelle ses pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes recommandations \u00e0 l’Etat h\u00e9breux d’abroger la notion de \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9cessit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/i> comme possible justification du crime de torture (qui devrait \u00eatre totalement interdit). L’Etat parti devrait aussi enqu\u00eater sur toutes les all\u00e9gations de torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou d\u00e9gradants, conform\u00e9ment au\u00a0Protocole d’Istanbul<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n
-S’abstenir d’engager des proc\u00e9dures criminelles \u00e0 l’encontre des enfants palestiniens devant des juridictions militaires, eu \u00e9gard \u00e0 leur statut d’enfant. L’Etat parti ne devrait recourir \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention d’enfants qu’en dernier ressort et\u00a0pour\u00a0de tr\u00e8s courtes p\u00e9riodes suivies promptement d’un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable, en veillant \u00e0 informer leurs parents et proches, en leur garantissant les conditions d’un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable et en enqu\u00eatant, sans d\u00e9lai et par un organe ind\u00e9pendant,\u00a0sur les all\u00e9gations de torture contre les enfants.<\/span><\/p>\n
-Le respect des droits ancestraux des B\u00e9douins dans le N\u00e9guev<\/span><\/em> \u00e0 leur terre et \u00e0 leur style de vie bas\u00e9 sur l’agriculture. L’Etat parti devrait garantir l’acc\u00e8s des populations b\u00e9douines, o\u00f9 elles se trouvent sur son territoire,\u00a0aux structures de Sant\u00e9, d’Education, d’Eau et d’Electivit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n
Le Comit\u00e9 donne rendez-vous \u00e0 l’Etat h\u00e9breux dans 3 ans pour examiner son 4e et prochain rapport p\u00e9riodique.<\/span><\/p>\n
Il nous revient \u00e0 nous, militants de la cause palestinienne, dans la diversit\u00e9 de nos origines, opinions,\u00a0nationalit\u00e9s\u00a0et d\u00e9marches, de prendre appui sur les recommandations du Comit\u00e9 dans la bataille qui oppose notre Peuple Palestinien fr\u00e8re et les hommes et les femmes Libres de la plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re contre la Barbarie coloniale sioniste et pour un monde d\u00e9barrass\u00e9 du colonialisme abjecte et des discriminations institutionnalis\u00e9es qui sont l’essence m\u00eame du projet\u00a0colonial sioniste s\u00e9gr\u00e9gationniste.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Gen\u00e8ve, le 30 juillet 2010<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00c2\u00efd \/ Retonado Bi Idhni Allah, Ahabba Al Mouhibboun Wa Kariha Al Karihoun<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n
Abdel Wahab Hani<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
7111 jours<\/span><\/u>,<\/span>soit 19 ans, 5 mois et 21 jours<\/span>, d\u2019Exil et de Privation du Pays\u00a0;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
377 jours<\/span><\/u>,<\/span>soit 1 an et 12 jours<\/span>, d\u2019Attente du Passeport\u00a0national tunisien;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n
\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
awhani@yahoo.fr<\/font><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
+00 33 6 17 96 37<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
+33 6 17 96 00 37 (toujours injoignable depuis toutes les lignes fixes\u00a0; mobiles, publiphones, rifi, publiques et priv\u00e9es, de l\u2019op\u00e9rateur \u00e9tatique Tunisie Telecom\u00a0<\/i>; Demande de passeport bloqu\u00e9e depuis le 19 juillet 2009, par d\u00e9cisions arbitraires d\u2019un \u2018ir-respensable\u2019 z\u00e9l\u00e9 qui continue \u00e0 se pourrir la vie \u00e0 70 ans tapante, des peurs d\u2019une d\u00e9mocratisation, pourtant in\u00e9luctable, de notre syst\u00e8me politique, Rabbi Yehdi Ma Khlaq, <\/i>mais l\u2019Histoire jugera Koll al-Khalq<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n
PS\u00a0: Ci-apr\u00e8s les Observations finales et les recommandations du Comit\u00e9 des droits de l\u2019homme, en anglais\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n
Human Rights Committee<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Ninety-ninth session<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
Geneva, 12\u201330 July 2010<\/span><\/p>\n
CCPR\/C\/ISR\/CO\/3<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Israel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
1. The Human Rights Committee considered the third periodic report of Israel (CCPR\/C\/ISR\/3) at its 2717th, 2718th and 2719th meetings, held on 13 and 14 July 2010 (CCPR\/C\/SR.2717, 2718 and 2719). At its 2740^{th<\/sup> meeting, held on 29 July 2010 (CCPR\/C\/SR.2740), it adopted the following concluding observations.<\/span><\/p>\n}
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
2. The Committee notes the submission of the State party\u2019s third periodic report, which provides detailed information on measures adopted by the State party to further the implementation of the Covenant. While also noting the written replies to the list of issues (CCPR\/C\/ISR\/Q\/3\/Add.1), it regrets their late submission. It also regrets the absence of disaggregated data and of any substantive answer to questions 3, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20, 24 and 28. The Committee appreciates the dialogue with the delegation, the answers provided orally during the consideration of the report and the additional written submissions.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a03. The Committee notes and recognizes Israel\u2019s security concerns in the context of the present conflict. At the same time, it stresses the need to observe and guarantee human rights, in accordance with the provisions of the Covenant.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Positive aspects<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
4. The Committee welcomes the following legislative and other measures, as well as ratifications of international human rights treaties:<\/span><\/p>\n
(a) Investigation and Testimony Procedures Law (Adaptation to Persons with Mental or Psychological Disability) 5765-2005 (the \u201cInvestigation and Testimony Procedures Law (Adaptation to Persons with Mental or Psychological Disability)\u201d);<\/span><\/p>\n
(b) Anti Trafficking Law (Legislative Amendments) 5766-2006, (the \u201cAnti Trafficking Law\u201d);<\/span><\/p>\n
(c) Gender Implications of Legislation Law (Legislative Amendments) 5768-2007, which imposes the duty to systematically examine gender implications of any primary and secondary legislation before it is enacted by the Knesset;<\/span><\/p>\n
(d) The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (2008);<\/span><\/p>\n
(e) The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict (2005).<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Principal subjects of concern and recommendations<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
5. The Committee reiterates its view, previously noted in paragraph 11 of its concluding observations on the State party\u2019s second periodic report (CCPR\/CO\/78\/ISR) and paragraph 10 of its concluding observations on the State party\u2019s initial report (CCPR\/C\/79\/Add.93), that the applicability of the regime of international humanitarian law during an armed conflict, as well as in a situation of occupation, does not preclude the application of the Covenant, except by operation of article 4, whereby certain provisions may be derogated from in a time of national emergency. The Committee\u2019s position has been endorsed, unanimously, by the International Court of Justice in its Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136), according to which the Covenant is applicable in respect of acts done by a State in exercise of its jurisdiction outside its own territory. Furthermore, the applicability of the regime of international humanitarian law does not preclude accountability of States parties under article 2, paragraph 1, of the Covenant for the actions of their authorities or agents outside their own territories, including in occupied territories. The Committee therefore reiterates and underscores that, contrary to the State party\u2019s position, in the current circumstances, the provisions of the Covenant apply to the benefit of the population of the occupied territories, including in the Gaza Strip, for all conduct by the State party\u2019s authorities or agents in those territories affecting the enjoyment of rights enshrined in the Covenant (arts. 2 and 40).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should ensure the full application of the Covenant in Israel as well as in the occupied territories, including the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip and the occupied Syrian Golan Heights. In accordance with the Committee\u2019s general comment No. 31, the State party should ensure that all persons under its jurisdiction and effective control are afforded the full enjoyment of the rights enshrined in the Covenant.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
6. While noting that the principle of non-discrimination is incorporated in several pieces of domestic legislation and that it has been upheld by the State party\u2019s Supreme Court, the Committee is concerned that the State party\u2019s Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty (1992), which serves as Israel\u2019s bill of rights does not contain a general provision for equality and non-discrimination. It is further concerned at long delays for deciding cases invoking the principle of non-discrimination, as well as their implementation (arts. 2, 14 and 26).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should amend its Basic Laws and other legislation to include the principle of non-discrimination and ensure that allegations of discrimination brought before its domestic courts are promptly addressed and implemented.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
7. In reference to paragraph 12 of its previous concluding observations (CCPR\/CO\/78\/ISR) and to paragraph 11 of its concluding observations on the State party\u2019s initial report (CCPR\/C\/79\/Add.93), the Committee reiterates its concern at the State party\u2019s prolonged process of review regarding the need to maintain the state of emergency it declared in 1948. While noting the State party\u2019s declaration under article 4 with regard to derogations from article 9, the Committee, nonetheless, expresses concern at the frequent and extensive use of administrative detention, including for children, under Military Order No. 1591, as well as the Emergency Powers (Detention) Law. Administrative detention infringes on detainees\u2019 rights to a fair trial, including their right to be informed promptly and in detail, in a language which they understand, of the nature and cause of the charge against them, to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of their defence and to communicate with counsel of their own choosing, to be tried in their presence, and to defend themselves in person or through legal assistance of their own choosing (arts. 4, 14 and 24).<\/span><\/p>\n
Referring to its general comment No. 29, the Committee reiterates that measures derogating from the provisions of the Covenant must be of an exceptional and temporary nature and be limited to the extent strictly required. Therefore, the State party should:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(a) Complete as soon as possible its review of legislation governing the state of emergency. Pending the completion of its review, the State party should carefully re-examine the modalities governing the renewal of the state of emergency;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(b) Refrain from using administrative detention, in particular for children, and ensure that detainees\u2019 rights to fair trial are upheld at all times; and<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(c) Grant administrative detainees prompt access to counsel of their own choosing, inform them immediately, in a language which they can understand, of the charges against them, provide them with information to prepare their defence, bring them promptly before a judge and try them in their own or their counsel\u2019s presence.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
8. The Committee notes with concern the State party\u2019s military blockade of the Gaza Strip, in force since June 2007. While recognizing the State party\u2019s recent ease of the blockade with regard to the entry of civilian goods by land, the Committee nevertheless is concerned at the effects of the blockade on the civilian population in the Gaza Strip, including restrictions to their freedom of movement, some of which led to deaths of patients in need of urgent medical care, as well as restrictions on the access to sufficient drinking water and adequate sanitation. The Committee also notes with concern the use of force when boarding vessels carrying humanitarian aid for the Gaza Strip, which resulted in the death of nine individuals and the wounding of several others. While noting the preliminary findings of the State party\u2019s investigation into the incident, the Committee is concerned at the absence of independence of the commission of inquiry and the prohibition to question the officials of the State party\u2019s armed forces involved in the incident (arts. 1, 6 and 12).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should lift its military blockade of the Gaza Strip, insofar as it adversely affects the civilian population. The State party should invite an independent, international fact-finding mission to establish the circumstances of the boarding of the flotilla, including its compatibility with the Covenant.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
9. Referring to the findings and recommendations of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict dated 5 November 2009, the Committee notes that the State party\u2019s armed forces have opened few investigations into incidents involving alleged violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law during its military offensive in the Gaza Strip (27 December 2008\u201318 January 2009, \u201cOperation Cast Lead\u201d), which led to one conviction and two indictments. It notes with concern, however, that the majority of the investigations was carried out on the basis of confidential operational debriefings. While noting that the findings led to the elaboration of new guidelines and orders on the protection of the civilian population and property and the assignment of humanitarian affairs officers to each military unit, the Committee nevertheless regrets that the State party has not yet conducted independent and credible investigations into the serious violations of international human rights law, such as direct targeting of civilians and civilian objects, including infrastructure such as waste water plants and sewage facilities, use of civilians as \u201chuman shields\u201d, refusal of evacuation of wounded, firing live bullets during demonstrations against the military operation and detention in degrading conditions (arts. 6 and 7).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should launch, in addition to the investigations already conducted, credible, independent investigations into the serious violations of international human rights law, such as violations of the right to life, prohibition of torture, right to humane treatment of all persons in custody and right to freedom of expression. All decision makers, be they military and civilian officials, should be investigated and where relevant prosecuted and sanctioned.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
10. The Committee notes the State party\u2019s affirmation that utmost consideration is given to the principles of necessity and proportionality during its conduct of military operations and in response to terrorist threats and attacks. Nevertheless, the Committee reiterates its concern, previously expressed in paragraph 15 of its concluding observations (CCPR\/CO\/78\/ISR), that, since 2003, the State party\u2019s armed forces have targeted and extrajudicially executed 184 individuals in the Gaza Strip, resulting in the collateral unintended death of 155 additional individuals, this despite the State party\u2019s Supreme Court decision of 2006, according to which a stringent proportionality test must be applied and other safeguards respected when targeting individuals for their participation in terrorist activity (art. 6).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should end its practice of extrajudicial executions of individuals suspected of involvement in terrorist activities. The State party should ensure that all its agents uphold the principle of proportionality in their responses to terrorist threats and activities. It should further ensure that utmost care is used to protect every civilian\u2019s right to life, including civilians in the Gaza Strip. The State party should exhaust all measures to arrest and detain a person suspected of involvement in terrorist activities before resorting to the use of deadly force. The State party should further establish an independent body to promptly and thoroughly investigate complaints about disproportionate use of force.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
11. The Committee notes with concern that the crime of torture, as defined in article 1 of the Convention against Torture and in conformity with article 7, of the Covenant, still has not been incorporated into the State party\u2019s legislation. The Committee notes the Supreme Court decision on the exclusion of unlawfully obtained evidence, but is nevertheless concerned at consistent allegations of the use of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, in particular against Palestinian detainees suspected of security-related offences. It is also concerned at allegations of complicity or acquiescence of medical personnel with the interrogators. The Committee further expresses its concern at information that all complaints of torture are either denied factually, or justified under the \u201cdefence of necessity\u201d as \u201cticking time bomb\u201d cases. The Committee observes that the prohibition of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment in article 7 is absolute and according to article 4, paragraph 2 no derogations thereof are allowed, even in times of public emergency (arts. 4 and 7).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should incorporate into its legislation the crime of torture, as defined in article 1 of the Convention against Torture and in conformity with article 7, of the Covenant. It further reiterates its previous recommendation (CCPR\/CO\/78\/ISR, para. 18), that the State party should completely remove \u201cnecessity\u201d as a possible justification for the crime of torture. The State party should further examine all allegations of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment pursuant to the Manual on Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Istanbul Protocol).<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
12. While noting that the conduct of law enforcement officials is subject to review and oversight, the Committee expresses concern at the independence of these oversight mechanisms and at the fact that despite numerous allegations of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and excessive use of force, only few cases result in criminal investigations and sentences. Regarding the independence of the Ministry of Justice Police Investigation Unit (\u201cMahash\u201d), the Committee notes that investigators employed by the police but working on a temporary basis in the unit are being replaced by civilians, but is concerned that they still outnumber their civilian colleagues. The Committee is further concerned that the Inspector for complaints against the Israeli Security Agency (ISA) interrogators is a staff member of the ISA and that, despite supervision by the Ministry of Justice and examination of the Inspector\u2019s decisions by the Attorney General and the State Attorney, no complaint has been criminally investigated in the reporting period. It is also concerned at the provision in the General Security Service Law, which exempts ISA personnel from criminal or civil responsibility for any act or omission performed in good faith and reasonably by the official in the scope of his\/her functions. Moreover, the Committee notes with concern that allegations against members of the Israel Defence Forces are being investigated by the Investigative Military Police, a unit subordinate to the Head of General Staff of the armed forces (arts. 6 and 7).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should ensure that all alleged cases of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and disproportionate use of force by law enforcement officials, including police, personnel of the security service and the armed forces, are thoroughly and promptly investigated by an authority independent of any of these organs, that those found guilty are punished with sentences that are commensurate with the gravity of the offence, and that compensation is provided to the victims or their families.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
13. The Committee notes that the State party is currently reviewing the definition of terrorism and other related issues. It regrets, however, the absence of information on whether the Committee\u2019s recommendation in paragraph 14 of its previous concluding observations (CCPR\/CO\/78\/ISR) has been taken into account. While welcoming the State party\u2019s Supreme Court judgement according to which preventing a detainee suspected of security-related offences from meeting a lawyer constitutes a grave harm to his\/her rights, nevertheless, the Committee is particularly concerned at the State party\u2019s intention to include, in its revised anti-terror legislation, provisions based on the Criminal Procedure (Detainee Suspected of Security Offence) (Temporary Provision) Law which allow for important delays before trial, before providing access to a lawyer, as well as for decisions on the extension of detention to be taken, in exceptional circumstances, in the absence of a suspect. Moreover, in certain circumstances, a judge can decide not to disclose evidence to the detainee owing to security concerns. Furthermore, it is concerned at the continued application and declaration of conformity with Basic Laws by the State party\u2019s Supreme Court, of the Detention of Unlawful Combatants Law as amended in 2008. The Committee also regrets the absence of information on the possibility for a detainee to challenge any decision of postponement (arts. 2, 14).<\/span><\/p>\n
The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation that measures designed to counter acts of terrorism, whether adopted in connection with Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) or in the context of the ongoing armed conflict, should be in full conformity with the Covenant. The State party should ensure that:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(a) Definitions of terrorism and security suspects are precise and limited to countering of terrorism and the maintenance of national security and are in full conformity with the Covenant;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(b) All legislation, regulations and military orders comply with the requirements of the principle of legality with regard to accessibility, equality, precision and non-retroactivity;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(c) Any person arrested or detained on a criminal charge, including persons suspected of security-related offences, has immediate access to a lawyer, for example by introducing a regime of Special Advocates with access to all evidence, including classified evidence, as well as immediate access to a judge;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(d) A decision of postponement in accessing a lawyer or a judge can be challenged before a court; and<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(e) Repeal the Detention of Unlawful Combatants Law as amended in 2008.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
14. The Committee notes with concern the issuance by the General Officer Commander of the Israeli Occupation Force of military orders No. 1649 \u201cOrder regarding security provisions\u201d and No. 1650 \u201cOrder regarding prevention of infiltration\u201d, amending military order 329 from 1969 and widening the definition of \u201cillegal infiltration\u201d to persons who do not lawfully hold a permit issued by the military commander. While noting the assurances by the State party\u2019s delegation that the amended military orders would not affect any residents of the West Bank or anybody holding a permit issued by the Palestinian National Authority, the Committee is concerned at information that, with the exception of 2007\u20132008, Israel has not processed any applications for renewal of West Bank visitor permits of foreign nationals, including spouses of West Bank residents, and applications for granting of permanent residency status, which therefore leaves many long-term residents, including foreigners, without permit. It is further concerned at information that persons in the West Bank holding residency permits with addresses in the Gaza Strip are forcibly returned, including those with entry permits into the West Bank. The Committee is also concerned that under the amended military orders, deportations may occur without judicial review if a person is apprehended less than 72 hours after entry into the territory. While noting the creation of a committee for the examination of deportation orders, the Committee is concerned that it lacks independence and judicial authority, and that review of a deportation order is not mandatory (arts. 7, 12 and 23).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should carry out a thorough review of the status of all long-term residents in the West Bank and ensure that they are issued a valid permit and registered in the population registers. The State party should refrain from expelling long-term residents of the West Bank to the Gaza Strip based on their former addresses in the Gaza Strip. In light of the State party\u2019s obligations under article 7, the Committee recommends that the State party review military orders No. 1649 and 1650 to ensure that any person subject to a deportation order is heard and may appeal the order to an independent, judicial authority.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
15. Recalling its previous recommendation in paragraph 21 of the preceding concluding observations (CCPR\/CO\/78\/ISR), the Committee reiterates its concern at the Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law (Temporary Provision), as amended in 2005 and 2007, remains in force and has been declared constitutional by the Supreme Court. The Law suspends the possibility, with certain rare exceptions, of family reunification between an Israeli citizen and a person residing in the West Bank, East Jerusalem or the Gaza Strip, thus adversely affecting the lives of many families (arts. 17, 23 and 24).<\/span><\/p>\n
The Committee reiterates that the Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law (Temporary provision) should be revoked and that the State party should review its policy with a view to facilitating family reunifications of all citizens and permanent residents without discrimination.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
16. Referring to paragraph 19 of the Committee\u2019s previous concluding observations (CCPR\/CO\/78\/ISR), the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice, as well as the State party\u2019s Supreme Court ruling of 2005, the Committee expresses concern at the restrictions to freedom of movement imposed on Palestinians, in particular persons residing in the \u201cSeam Zone\u201d between the wall and Israel, the frequent denial of agricultural permits to access the land on the other side of the wall or to visit relatives, as well as irregular opening hours of the agricultural gates. Moreover, the Committee is concerned that despite the State party\u2019s temporary freeze on the construction of settlements in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the occupied Syrian Golan Heights, the settler population continues to increase (arts. 1, 12 and 23).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should comply with its previous concluding observations and take into account the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice and stop the construction of a \u201cSeam Zone\u201d by means of a wall, seriously impeding on the right to freedom of movement, as well as to family life. It should cease all construction of settlements in the occupied territories.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
17. The Committee is concerned that, despite its previous recommendation in paragraph 16 of its concluding observations (CCPR\/CO\/78\/ISR), the State party continues its practice of demolishing property and homes of families whose members were or are suspected of involvement in terrorist activities, without considering other less intrusive measures. This practice was exacerbated disproportionately during the State party\u2019s military intervention in the Gaza Strip (\u201cOperation Cast Lead\u201d), leading to the destruction of housing, as well as civilian infrastructure, such as hospitals, schools, farms, water plants etc. Moreover, the Committee is concerned at frequent administrative demolition of property, homes, as well as schools in the West Bank and East Jerusalem due to the absence of construction permits, their issuance being frequently denied to Palestinians. Furthermore, it is concerned at discriminatory municipal planning systems, in particular in \u201carea C\u201d of the West Bank, as well as East Jerusalem, disproportionately favouring the Jewish population of these areas (arts. 7, 17, 23 and 26).<\/span><\/p>\n
The Committee reiterates that the State party should cease its practice of collective punitive home and property demolitions. The State party should further review its housing policy and issuance of construction permits with a view to implementing the principle of non-discrimination regarding minorities, in particular Palestinians and to increasing construction on a legal basis for minorities of the West Bank and East Jerusalem. It should further ensure that municipal planning systems are not discriminatory.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
18. The Committee is concerned at water shortages affecting disproportionately the Palestinian population of the West Bank, due to prevention of construction and maintenance of water and sanitation infrastructure, as well as the prohibition of construction of wells. The Committee is further concerned at allegations of pollution by sewage water of Palestinian land, including from settlements (arts. 6 and 26).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should ensure that all residents of the West Bank have equal access to water, such as in accordance with the World Health Organization quality and quantity standards. The State party should allow the construction of water and sanitation infrastructure, as well as wells. Furthermore, the State party should address the issue of sewage and waste water in the occupied territories emanating from Israel.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
19. The Committee notes that certain exemptions from obligatory military service have been granted on the grounds of conscientious objection. It is concerned at the independence of the \u201cCommittee for Granting Exemptions from Defence Service for Reasons of Conscience\u201d, which is composed, with the exception of one civilian, of officials of the armed forces. It notes that persons, whose conscientious objection was not accepted by the Committee, may be repeatedly imprisoned for their refusal to serve in the armed forces (arts. 14 and 18).<\/span><\/p>\n
The \u201cCommittee for Granting Exemptions from Defence Service for Reasons of Conscience\u201d should be made fully independent, persons submitting applications on the grounds of conscientious objections should be heard and have the right to appeal the Committee\u2019s decision. Repeated imprisonment for refusal to serve in the armed forces may constitute a violation of the principle of ne bis in idem<\/i>, and should therefore be ceased.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
20. While noting the State party\u2019s argument regarding security concerns, the Committee is nevertheless concerned at frequent disproportionate restrictions for non-Jews to access places of worship. It further notes with concern that the regulations containing a list of holy sites only include Jewish holy places (arts. 12, 18 and 26).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should increase its efforts to protect the rights of religious minorities and ensure equal and non-discriminatory access to places of worship. Furthermore, the State party should pursue its plan to include also holy sites of religious minorities in its list.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
21. The Committee notes with concern that the State party\u2019s Supreme Court upheld the ban on family visits to Palestinian prisoners in Israel, including for children. In addition, the Committee is also concerned that detainees suspected of security-related offences are not allowed to maintain telephone contact with their families (arts. 23 and 24).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should reinstate the family visit programme supported by the International Committee of the Red Cross for prisoners from the Gaza Strip. It should enhance prisoners\u2019 suspected of security-related offences right to maintain contact with their families, including by telephone.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
22. The Committee is concerned at a number of differences in the juvenile justice system between Israeli legislation and under military orders in the West Bank. Under military orders, children of the age of 16 are tried as adults, even if the crime was committed when they were below the age of 16. Interrogations of children in the West Bank are conducted in the absence of parents or close relatives and a lawyer and they are not audio-visually recorded. The Committee is further concerned at allegations that children detained under military orders are not promptly informed, in a language they understand, of the charges against them and that they may be detained up to eight days before being brought before a military judge. It is also very concerned at allegations of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of juvenile offenders (arts. 7, 14 and 24).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(a) Ensure that children are not tried as adults;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(b) Refrain from holding criminal proceedings against children in military courts, ensure that children are only detained as a measure of last resort and for the shortest possible time period, guarantee that proceedings involving children are audio-visually recorded and that trials are conducted in a prompt and impartial manner, in accordance with fair trial standards;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(c) Inform parents or close relatives where the child is detained and provide the child with prompt access to free and independent legal assistance of its own choosing;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
(d) Ensure that reports of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of detained children are investigated promptly by an independent body.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
23. While noting the State party\u2019s efforts to facilitate access to the public administration for its Arab minority, the Committee expresses concern at the continued limited use of the Arabic language by the State party\u2019s authorities, including absence of translations of leading cases of its Supreme Court into Arabic. It is also concerned at the process of transliteration of road signs from Hebrew into Arabic, as well as frequent unavailability of road signs in Arabic. Moreover, the Committee is concerned at severe limitations on the right to cultural contact with other Arab communities based on the ban to travel to an \u201cenemy State\u201d, the majority of which are Arab States (arts. 26 and 27).<\/span><\/p>\n
The State party should continue its efforts to make its public administration fully accessible to all linguistic minorities and that full accessibility in all official languages is provided, including Arabic. The State party should further consider translating cases of its Supreme Court into Arabic. It should also ensure that all road signs are available in Arabic and should reconsider its transliteration process from Hebrew into Arabic. Furthermore, the State party should increase its efforts to guarantee the right of minorities to enjoy their own culture, including by travelling abroad.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
24. The Committee notes that school enrolment rates increased and infant mortality declined among the Bedouin population. Nevertheless, the Committee is concerned at allegations of forced evictions of the Bedouin population based on the Public Land Law (Expulsion of Invaders) of 1981 as amended in 2005, and of inadequate consideration of traditional needs of the population in the State party\u2019s planning efforts for the development of the Negev, in particular the fact that agriculture is part of the livelihood and tradition of the Bedouin population. The Committee is further concerned at difficulties of access to health structures, education, water and electricity for the Bedouin population living in towns, which the State party has not recognized (arts. 26 and 27).<\/span><\/p>\n
In its planning efforts in the Negev area, the State party should respect the Bedouin population\u2019s right to their ancestral land and their traditional livelihood based on agriculture. The State party should further guarantee the Bedouin population\u2019s access to health structures, education, water and electricity, irrespective of their whereabouts on the territory of the State party.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n
25. The Committee requests the State party to publish its third periodic report, the replies to the list of issues and these concluding observations, making them widely available to the general public and to the judicial, legislative and administrative authorities. The Committee also requests the State party to make the third periodic report, the replies to the list of issues and these concluding observations available to civil society and to the non-governmental organizations operating in the State party. In addition to Hebrew, the Committee recommends that the report, the replies to the list of issues and the concluding observations be translated into Arabic and other minority languages spoken in Israel.<\/span><\/p>\n
26. In accordance with rule 71, paragraph 5, of the Committee\u2019s rules of procedure, the State party should provide, within one year, relevant information on its implementation of the recommendations in paragraphs 8, 11, 22 and 24 above.<\/span><\/p>\n
27. The Committee requests the State party to include in its fourth periodic report, due to be submitted by 30 July 2013, specific, up-to-date information on follow-up action taken on all the recommendations made and on the implementation of the Covenant as a whole in the entirety of the State party\u2019s territory, including the occupied territories. The Committee also requests that the fourth periodic report be prepared in consultation with civil society organizations operating in the State party.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/p>\nTraqu\u00e9 par le fisc en Alg\u00e9rie, Naguib Sawiris se voit r\u00e9clamer 60 millions d’euros par l’Italie<\/font><\/h2>\n
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\u00a0<\/font>Deuxi\u00e8me coup dur pour l\u2019image du groupe \u00e9gyptien d\u2019Orascom. Les dirigeants de la holding \u00e9gyptien, Naguib Sawiris, seraient-ils de serial fraudeurs ? Apr\u00e8s le fisc alg\u00e9rien,\u00a0 c\u2019est le fisc italien qui traque le milliardaire qui a fait fortune dans la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie en lui r\u00e9clamant 60 millions d\u2019euros. L\u2019information a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e jeudi 29 juillet par plusieurs sites Internet sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s. Selon le tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieux site Internet, zonebourse.com, le gouvernement italien a lanc\u00e9 un contr\u00f4le fiscal sur l\u2019op\u00e9rateur transalpin Wind, une filiale du groupe Orascom. Cette derni\u00e8re est soup\u00e7onn\u00e9e de ne pas s\u2019\u00eatre acquitt\u00e9 d\u2019une taxe de 12% sur les int\u00e9r\u00eats d\u2019un pr\u00eat de 300 millions d\u2019euros souscrit par Wind Spa Italie, puis d\u00e9rout\u00e9 vers Wind Acquisition Spa et Wind Finance Sa. \u00ab Des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9crans situ\u00e9es au Luxembourg selon Rome \u00bb, explique la source. Citant Reseaux-telecoms.net (15\/07), zonebourse.com pr\u00e9cise que Naguib Sawiris, le patron du groupe Orascom, chercherait \u00e0 s\u2019adjoindre les services du cabinet Vitale pour se d\u00e9fendre. \u00ab L\u2019enjeu est de taille pour Orascom, le fisc lui r\u00e9clamant 60 millions d’euros \u00bb, explique la m\u00eame source en pr\u00e9cisant que pour le moment le groupe de Naguib Sawiris n\u2019a fait aucun commentaire sur cette affaire. M\u00eame si la somme est moins importante que celle que lui r\u00e9clame le fisc alg\u00e9rien (596 millions de dollars), ce redressement fiscal met \u00e0 mal la r\u00e9putation du groupe \u00e9gyptien dans le monde des affaires. L\u2019action des autorit\u00e9s italiennes confirme au moins une chose : les d\u00e9boires d\u2019Orascom ne proc\u00e8dent pas d\u2019une volont\u00e9 d\u2019Alger de se venger de cet op\u00e9rateur, comme le pr\u00e9tend la presse \u00e9gyptienne, du traitement r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux Alg\u00e9riens apr\u00e8s les \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui se sont produit suite \u00e0 la double confrontation entre les \u00e9quipes alg\u00e9rienne et \u00e9gyptienne de football pour la qualification au mondial 2010 en Afrique du Sud. L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie r\u00e9clame 596 millions de dollars \u00e0 Orascom T\u00e9l\u00e9com pour n\u2019avoir pas rapatri\u00e9 les recettes de roaming issues de Djeezy, filiale alg\u00e9rienne d\u2019Orascom. La Banque d’Alg\u00e9rie a alors d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de bloquer tous les transferts op\u00e9r\u00e9s par Djeezy, dont les cartes \u00e0 puce, indispensables \u00e0 l\u2019exercice de son activit\u00e9 d\u2019op\u00e9rateur t\u00e9l\u00e9com. Selon nos informations, les enqu\u00eateurs alg\u00e9riens continuent d\u2019\u00e9plucher les op\u00e9rations bancaires de Djezzy, ce qui lui pourrait lui valoir un second redressement fiscal. Tout en contestant le redressement portant sur l\u2019exercice 2005-2007 que le fiscal alg\u00e9rien \u00e0 inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 sa filiale de t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile alg\u00e9rienne, les patrons d\u2019Orascom ont engag\u00e9 des discussions avec le groupe sud-africain MTN afin de lui c\u00e9der Djezzy, premier op\u00e9rateur en Alg\u00e9rie. En s\u2019opposant \u00e0 la transaction avec les sud-africain d\u2019MTN, le gouvernement propose tout simplement de racheter Djeezy, au prix de 2,5 milliards de dollars. Naguib Sawiris, aux app\u00e9tits d\u00e9mesur\u00e9s, \u00e9value la valeur de sa filiale \u00e0 plus de 7 milliards de dollars, rendant ainsi l\u2019issue des n\u00e9gociations vaines, ou du moins tr\u00e8s tendues. Anticipant l\u2019op\u00e9ration, le gouvernement alg\u00e9rien a pu contrecarrer la transaction, sur le point d\u2019\u00eatre conclue, en faisant valoir son droit de pr\u00e9emption, disposition introduite en 2008 dans la loi alg\u00e9rienne. Le droit de pr\u00e9emption a pour origine une transaction op\u00e9r\u00e9e par le groupe Orascom qui a mis en rogne les Alg\u00e9riens. Ces derniers ont peu go\u00fbt\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00e9gyptien ait c\u00e9d\u00e9 ce deux cimenteries, acquises pour une bouch\u00e9e de pain, au groupe fran\u00e7ais Lafarge. Dans un discours prononc\u00e9 en juillet 2008, le pr\u00e9sident Bouteflika s\u2019en \u00e9tait pris \u00e0 des \u00ab investisseurs \u00e9tranger \u00bb qui ont inject\u00e9 \u00ab 700 millions de dollars \u00bb dans des projets avant de repartir avec une substantielle plus-value. Ce redressement d\u00e9clench\u00e9 par le fisc italien va certainement r\u00e9conforter les Alg\u00e9riens dans la mani\u00e8re avec laquelle ils traitent d\u00e9sormais avec Orascom. (Source: \u00ab\u00a0Derni\u00e8res nouvelles d’Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0\u00bb le 30juillet 2010) Source:<\/font><\/strong> <\/font>http:\/\/www.dna-algerie.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=295:naguib-sawaris-patron-dorascom-epingle-par-le-fisc-italien-qui-lui-reclame-60-millions-deuros&catid=42:interieure&Itemid=53<\/font><\/a><\/div>\n
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Home – Accueil TUNISNEWS 10\u00a0\u00e8me ann\u00e9e, N\u00b0\u00a03721 du 31.07.2010 \u00a0archives : www.tunisnews.net\u00a0 Zaghloul: Quelques remarques \u00e0 propos de l’interview de Ouzifa Trabelsi diffus\u00e9e sur Tunisnews le 30 Juillet et tir\u00e9 de Guysen TV Magharebia: Le ch\u00f4mage, hantise des dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s des universit\u00e9s en Tunisie Maghreb Emergent: Tunisie \u2013 Les projets d\u2019usines de dessalement se multiplient La […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[59,41,29],"class_list":["post-16426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-59","tag-41","tag-fr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16426"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16426\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunisnews.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}